Uma patologia cultural da modernidade: Freud e o “doutor” Dostoiévski

Natureza Humana 19 (1) (2017)
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Abstract

Resumo: No antepenúltimo parágrafo de “O mal-estar na civilização”, Freud sugere que, apesar de todas as dificuldades, poderíamos esperar que um dia alguém se aventurasse na elaboração de uma patologia das comunidades culturais. Embora Freud considerasse Dostoiévski como um artista que em estatura não estaria muito atrás do próprio Shakespeare e cujo romance Os irmãos Karamázov seria o mais formidável romance jamais escrito, para ele, dada a severidade da patologia psíquica desse escritor, a humanidade pouco lhe teria a agradecer: ao invés de mestre libertador da humanidade, Dostoiévski teria tomado partido dos seus opressores. No presente artigo, pretendemos investigar o motivo da generalização das doenças psíquicas no universo dostoiévskiano e sugerir, valendo-nos da terminologia freudiana, que justamente o russo, demasiadamente russo Dostoiévski, seria aquele que, como desejara Freud, elaborou a patologia cultural característica à modernidade.Palavras-chave: Freud; Dostoiévski; modernidade; Supereu; Supereu da cultura. Abstract: In the antepenultimate paragraph of “Civilization and its Discontents”, Freud suggests that, despite all difficulties, we may expect that one day someone will venture to develop a pathology of cultural communities. Although Freud had considered Dostoevsky as an artist whose place was not far behind Shakespeare himself, and whose masterpiece, The Karamazov Brothers, was the most formidable novel ever written, because of the severity of psychic pathology of this writer, humanity will have a little to thank him for. Instead of making himself a liberator of humanity, Dostoevsky sided with his oppressors. In this article, we are willing to investigate the reason for the generalization of mental illness in the Dostoevskian universe, and to suggest that, through Freud's terminology itself, the Russian, all too Russian Dostoyevsky is the one who that develops such a cultural pathology characteristic of modernity.Keywords: Freud; Dostoevsky; modernity; superego; cultural superego.

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