Il rovescio dell’utopia. Canetti e l’esperienza della massa [The opposite of utopia. Canetti and the experience of mass]

la Società Degli Individui 27:71-82 (2006)
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Abstract

Il Novecento non ha solo prodotto l’accrescimento della realtà promesso dal moderno, ma è stato anche l’epoca delle masse. In che rapporto si trovano questi soggetti storico-politici con l’immaginario utopico, a due secoli di distanza dalla pratica intellettuale illuministica che ha trasformato l’utopia in vettore della storia? Il saggio si propone di sondare la valenza utopica delle esperienze di massa emerse nella prima metà del secolo, a partire da uno sguardo letterario e ‘impolitico’, oltre che anti-ideologico: l’analisi antropologica fornita da Massa e potere di Canetti. Le configurazioni dinamiche prese in esame appaiono come non-luoghi messianici di cancellazione anarchica e negazione rivoluzionaria del potere. Tali esperienze politiche ‘spontanee’, pericolosamente al confine col mito, rappresentano un radicale e immediato rovesciamento del carattere progettuale, scientifico e descrittivo dell’utopia illuministica.The twentieth century realized the growth of reality promised by modernity, but it was also the ‘mass age’. Which kind of relationship exists between those political-historical subjects and the utopical imagination, two centuries after the end of enlightenment? The essay examines the utopical value regarding the experiences of mass happened in the first half of 20th century, and makes it through a literary, unpolitical and unideological point of view: the anthropological analysis of Mass and power by Elias Canetti. The dynamical sets here examined result as messianical and utopical not-places, where the revolutionary delating of power gets real. These ‘spontaneous’ political experiences – seriously close to myth – represent a drastic ‘upside down’ of the scientifical and programmatical character of enlightenment utopia

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