Inferencia abductiva basada en modelos. Una relación entre lógica Y cognición

Critica 43 (129):3-29 (2011)
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Abstract

La abducción ha desempeñado un papel principal en los enfoques filosóficos sobre la generación de nuevas hipótesis explicativas en las ciencias. Por su parte, desde el punto de vista de la ciencia cognitiva, el razonamiento basado en modelos es el principal instrumento para el pensamiento creativo en la ciencia. Esta segunda clase de razonamiento no se aplica a sentencias sino a objetos semánticos denominados modelos y no está determinada por reglas formales de inferencia. Este artículo sostiene la tesis de que la abducción, en su papel de descubridora, se ve reforzada por la "abducción basada en modelos", figura que no ha sido suficientemente analizada en la literatura actual sobre el tema. Abductive reasoning has played a central role in philosophical accounts of generation of new explanatory hypotheses in science. On the other hand, cognitive scientists have considered model-based reasoning as a main instrument for creative thinking in science. This latter kind of reasoning is applied not to sentences but to semantic objects called models, and is not governed by formal rules of inference. This paper holds the thesis that abductive inference, in its discovery role, is reinforced by what can be characterized as "model-based abduction", a notion which has not yet been sufficiently analyzed in the literature.

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