Sampaio Bruno e o Positivismo

Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 48 (2):241 - 261 (1992)
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Abstract

A doutrina positivista teve eco e deixou marcas nos intelectuais do Portugal oitocentista. O movimento republicano português do século XIX estava intimamente ligado a tal doutrina. José Pereira de Sampaio (1857-1915), que adoptou o pseudónomo de Bruno, tendo activa militância no partido Republicano Português, apresenta a novidade de, a par dessa militância, fazer uma crítica fundamental à filosofia comteana, centrada fundamentalmente na sua obra O Brasil Mental (1898). Essa crítica servirá de base às suas ideias filosóficas, à volta da teoria da evolução, que exporá posteriormente nas suas obras A Ideia de Deus (1902) e O Encoberto (1904). /// La doctrine positiviste s'est répercutée et a laissé ses traces chez les intellectuels portugais du 19e. siècle. Le mouvement républicain portugais du 19e. fut en étroite relation avec cette doctrine. José Pereira de Sampaio (1857-1915), qui adopta le pseudonyme de Bruno et qui milita activement dans le parti républicain portugais, présente la nouveauté, à côté de cette activité de militant, de faire une critique fondamentale à la philosophie de Comte, qui se concentra principalement en son oeuvre O Brasil Mental (Le Brésil Mental) (1898). Cette critique servira de base à ses idées philosophiques, autour de la théorie de l'évolution, qu'il exposera ultérieurement en ses oeuvres A Ideia de Deus (L'idée de Dieu) (1902) et O Encoberto (Le recouvert) (1904). /// The positivist doctrine has had success and strongly influenced the portuguese intelectuals of the nineteenth century. The republican movement of that century had closely links with such a doctrine. José Pereira de Sampaio (1857-1915), under the pseudonym of Bruno, was an active militant in the Portuguese Republican party, and, at the same time, he puts forward a fundamental criticism of the comtean philosophy, mainly in his book O Brasil Mental (The Mental Brazil). This criticism is the basis of his philosophical ideas on the theory of evolution, which he will subsequently explain in his works A Ideia de Deus (The Idea ofGod) (1902) e O Encoberto (The Hidden) (1904).

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