Abstract

In the development of pure mathematics during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, two very different movements had prevailed. The so-called rigor movement of arithmetization, which turned into set theoretical foundationalism, on the one hand, and the axiomatic movement, which originated in Poncelet's or Peirce's emphasis on the continuity principle, on the other hand. Axiomatical mathematics or mathematics as diagrammatic reasoning represents a genetic perspective aiming at generalization, whereas mathematics as arithmetic or set theory is mainly concerned with foundation and separation. We may thus conclude when Peirce defines mathematics in terms of diagrammatic reasoning, that this implies some very profound distinctions in the epistemology of mathematics