O discurso de Glauco e o nascimento do tirano em República II

Educação E Filosofia 38:1-30 (2024)
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Abstract

Neste artigo, defenderei que o recurso à imagem de Giges que é feita por Glauco no livro II da República de Platão serve ao propósito de demonstrar que, dada a ambição (πλεονεξία) que é própria à natureza humana, a concessão de um poder ilimitado a quem quer que seja conduz fatalmente à tirania. Antes disso, contudo, reconstruirei a hipótese de Glauco para a origem da justiça e por fim sustentarei como Glauco, ao final do seu discurso, procura superar o plano alegórico do relato que ele faz de Giges, sem, por outro lado, renunciar aos princípios que ali são postulados. Com isso, pretendo também mostrar que o discurso de Glauco constitui uma unidade minimamente consistente. Palavras-chave: Glauco; Giges; Técnica; Tirania. Glaucon’s speech and the birth of the tyrant in Republic II Abstract: In this article, I argue that Glaucon's use of the image of Gyges in Book II of Plato's Republic is intended to demonstrate that, given the human tendency towards ambition (πλεονεξία), the granting of unlimited power to anyone inevitably leads to tyranny. Before that, I first explain Glaucon’s hypothesis for the origin of justice. Then, I maintain how Glaucon attempts to go beyond the allegorical level of the Gyges story in his speech's conclusion, while still holding onto the principles presented therein. Through this, I aim to demonstrate that Glaucon's speech is a consistent unit. Key-words: Glaucon; Gyges; Skill; Tyranny. Le discour de Glaucon et la naissance du tyrant dans le livre II de la République Résumé: Dans cet article, je soutiendrai que l'utilisation de l'image de Gygès par Glaucon dans le Livre II de La République de Platon vise à démontrer que, compte tenu de la tendance humaine à l'ambition (πλεονεξία), l'octroi d'un pouvoir illimité à quiconque conduit inévitablement à la tyrannie. Avant cela, j'expliquerai d'abord l'hypothèse de Glaucon sur l'origine de la justice. Ensuite, je maintiendrai comment Glaucon cherche à dépasser le niveau allégorique de l'histoire de Gygès dans la conclusion de son discours, tout en conservant les principes présentés dans celui-ci. Ainsi, je vise à démontrer que le discours de Glaucon constitue une unité cohérente. Mots-clés: Glaucon; Gygès; Expertise; Tyrannie. Data de registro: 01/08/2023 Data de aceite: 22/11/2023.

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