Abstract

Development of Russian philosophy in general and the development of its religious lines in particular confirms that to understand Russian history, Russian human spiritual important to explore the philosophical search of the Russian mind. Russian thought XIX - early XX centuries is a spiritual renaissance, promotes wealth attached to the spiritual life of mankind. So, the end of XIX - early XX centuries is for Russia, especially, the time of significant global changes which affected virtually all spheres of human activity. Starting with changes in the political and state system of Russia, then in science, philosophy, religion, and ending with the changes in the cultural, moral and existential outlook of the person. The purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomenon of suicide as a reflection of the spiritual atmosphere that prevailed in Russia in XIX - first half of the XX century. This goal is achieved by solving the following tasks: 1) analyzing the spiritual renaissance of Russian philosophical thought XIX - early XX centuries; 2 ) the phenomenon of suicide is considered as dangerous and destructive social phenomenon for Russia of the XIX century ; 3 ) disclose the essence of metaphorical discourse phenomenon of suicide in the spiritual atmosphere of the XIX century Russia ; 4) clarify the meaning of « suicide epidemic «; 5) The features of the phenomenon of suicide among the Russian intelligentsia. Thus, it should be noted that the spiritual shifts and changes that took place in Russia a designated time period, provoked a sharp, suicidal situation in society, drawing attention to the study of the phenomenon thinkers suicide. Train of transformations that Russia experienced XIX and the first half of the XX century, moving to a new and better life, accompanied by side effects such as social disintegration of society, fainting and loss of moral ideals, faith and spiritual foundations, mass suicide, hostility, which was embodied in the killings and suicide. Such processes could not remain indifferent in thinking minds of Russia, and therefore, the focus of their attention is the problem of the spiritual essence of human morality, faith, belief, death and immortality, freedom and responsibility, the meaning of life and others. In general, a period that covers the XIX - first half of the XX century, can be defined as an attraction to the light of the progress of world civilization, in connection with which it should be noted, and keen awareness of callousness, voids generated by the results of progress. Also this period was riddled with the desire for freedom and social truth that determined the motives of Russian philosophical thought - religious, moral, social.