Abstract

Second to Easter, Christmas is the most important feast of the Christian liturgical calendar. That is why Christmas is a public holiday in most countries of Christian tradition. This holiday allows family reunion around a festive meal, shared worship (masses and religious services), and the exchange of gifts. Christmas is celebrated during the night of December 24 to 25 and December 25 all day. As a Christian festival, it commemorates every year the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. Originally, it was at that date that pagan festivities marked the winter solstice, symbol of the rebirth of the sun. The Christian festival was positioned on the same date in order to replace these parties and, symbolically, to associate the birth of Christ to the notion of increasing light. The period around Christmas is called "holiday season" and it includes the celebration of the New Year. Since the mid-twentieth century, this holidays is losing its religious aspect while keeping alive the tradition of the festival. In this spirit, Christmas has a folk connotation, preserving the grouping of family units around a meal and exchange gifts around the traditional tree. CONTENTS: Christmas - Origins - - Near Eastern antiquity - - In Rome - Celebration - Christianity - - Catholic Church - - Secular symbols and traditions - Father Christmas - Gifts - Decorations - Markets - Society - - Cultural changes - - Entertainment - History - - Beginning of the Christian era - - Middle Ages - - From the Renaissance - Nativity of Jesus Christ - - According to Luke - - According to Matthew - - Imprecise date - - Setting of the holiday Christmas events and celebrations - Advent - - History - - Liturgy - - - Meaning and ceremonial - - - O Antiphons of Advent - - Symbols and traditions - - - Advent Wreath - - - Advent calendar Christmas traditions - The Star of Bethlehem - - The Christian tradition - - The proofs put forward by the astronomer Kepler - - Colin Nicholl's research - Christmas carols Christmas characters - Santa Claus - - Origins - Saint Nicholas - - Historical character - - - Childhood - - - Archbishop of Myra - - - Relics - - In the religious culture - - - Hagiography Christmas decoration - Christmas tree - - History - Christmas lights - - History - - - Cultural concept - - - Tourism impact - - Technology - - - Installation - - - Cost - - - Financial and energy savings - - Critics - Baubles Economics of Christmas - Christmas gifts - - Justification of gifts - - - Christian vision - - - Sociological vision - - Traditions - - - France - - - Anglo-Saxon countries - - - Spain - - - Italy - - - Germany - - - Country of Orthodox tradition - - - Quebec - - - Latin America - - - Asia - - Social and economic impacts - Christmas markets - - History - - Attraction, stands, stalls and shops - - Notorious Christmas markets Christmas in art - Adoration of the Magi - - Literary sources - - Iconography Christmas food - Christmas dishes - - Albania - - Argentina - - Australia - - Belgium - - Brazil - - Canada - - Chile - - Colombia - - Cuba References About the author - Nicolae Sfetcu - - By the same author - - Contact Publishing House - MultiMedia Publishing