Res cogitans et res extensa dans les Méditations Métaphysique et physique chez Descartes

Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 2:231-260 (1999)
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Abstract

Les Méditations cartésiennes, en instaurant la métaphysique comme science de l'esprit, permettent de fonder la science physique sur elle. Ce texte montre ainsi la primauté de la science de la mens sur celle des corps : tout d'abord l'esprit, en tournant vers soi son regard , se sait cogitatio, et ensuite alors il comprend le corps comme ce qui est étendu, flexible, muable, ce qui peut être tourné diversement, bref comme son contraire. L'auto-affirmation de l'ego engage l'examen de l'hypothèse « rien n'est », et demande de distinguer l'ordre de l'hypothèse, de la suppositio, de celui de la positio, de la vérité. In the Meditations of Descartes, since metaphysics is established as a science of mind, physics can be based on it. Thus, this text evinces the pre-eminence of the science of mens over that of bodies : first of all, by turning towards itself mind knows itself as cogitatio and threrefore understands the body as being flexible, mutable, having extensity, and being changeable in diverse manners ; in short, as being its opposite. The self-asserting ego implies the consideration of the « nothing exists » hypothesis and asks for a distinction between the order of hypothesis and that of truth

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