From the beginning of the xx century onwards, European art has gone through a remarkable mutation since Picasso shattered and chopped forms in painting through cubism, and Duchamp contemporaneously sabotaged the very idea of art with his invention of the ready made. Starting from an extensive consideration of this mutation, we tried and questioned the impact of the duchampean gesture and other subsequent artistic practices, by means of a frame of esthetic and philosophical reflection focused on the notions of art, (...) work of art, beauty, sublime, judgment of taste, spectator, ready made, and esthetic experience, inter alia. Also, our discussion questions the role of fiction in art, by means of an excerpt of a literary narration whose protagonists, a painter and his slave, seek, by the workings of drawing, to inscribe suffering and pardon at the heart of the creation act. We are thus led to think that whatever lies at the source of any interpretation of the [work of] art is an enigma and a conflict which cannot be seen through. (shrink)

O texto tem como objetivo discutir acerca de uma estratégia metodológica para análise de dados em estudos de pesquisa-ação fundamentada na teoria de Jürgen Habermas, denominada por Círculos Argumentativos. Concebe-se a pesquisa-ação para além de uma abordagem metodológica, que tem como pressupostos centrais a relação entre pesquisador e participante, e da ação para a mudança. Assim, a pesquisa-ação, em virtude de sua processualidade, necessita de um método de análise capaz de explorar, em conjunto com os autores-pesquisadores, os distintos movimentos do (...) fazer a pesquisa, tendo a ação como condutora desse processo. Dessa forma, a ação comunicativa de Habermas apresenta fundamentos teóricos que permitem essa construção, considerando os conceitos de pretensões de validade, argumento, entendimento mútuo e a busca por consensos provisórios. Assim os Círculos Argumentativos, concebidos como espaço de debate para que os enunciados do mundo social na pesquisa educacional sejam problematizados e as pretensões de validade sejam desafiadas, se organizam enquanto espaços de retomada dos momentos para escuta do outro, buscando o diálogo com os autores-pesquisadores seja por meio de argumentos escritos ou pelos argumentos ditos. As contribuições deste estudo apontam que os Círculos Argumentativos não apenas permitem uma análise crítica dos dados, como também, promovem a autorreflexão dos autores e atores envolvidos. Portanto, o processo comunicativo, centrado na racionalidade comunicativa, oferece uma via metodológica robusta para superar as limitações da racionalidade instrumental predominante na pesquisa científica, especialmente em áreas como a educação. (shrink)

Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) is considered a universal marker of developmental dyslexia (DD) and could also be helpful to identify a reading deficit in minority-language children (MLC), in which it may be hard to disentangle whether the reading difficulties are due to a learning disorder or a lower proficiency in the language of instruction. We tested reading and rapid naming skills in monolingual Good Readers (mGR), monolingual Poor Readers (mPR), and MLC, by using our new version of RAN, the RAN-Shapes, (...) in 127 primary school students (from 3rd to 5th grade). In line with previous research, MLC showed, on average, lower reading performances as compared to mGR. However, the two groups performed similarly to the RAN-Shapes task. On the contrary, the mPR group underperformed both in the reading and the RAN tasks. Our findings suggest that reading difficulties and RAN performance can be dissociated in MLC; consequently, the performance at the RAN-Shapes may contribute to the identification of children at risk of a reading disorder without introducing any linguistic bias, when testing MLC. (shrink)

Chronic migraine is a difficult disease to diagnose, and its pathophysiology remains undefined. Its symptoms affect the quality of life and daily living tasks of the affected person, leading to momentary disability. This is a pilot, randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial study with female patients between 18 and 65 years old with chronic migraine. The patients underwent twelve mindfulness sessions paired with anodal transcranial direct-current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with current intensity of 2 mA applied for 20 (...) min, three times a week for 4 weeks. In addition, 20 min of mindfulness home practices were performed by guided meditation audio files. A total of 30 participants were evaluated after the treatment, and these were subdivided into two groups—active tDCS and sham tDCS, both set to mindfulness practice. The FFMQ-BR, MIDAS, and HIT-6 questionnaires were used to evaluate the outcomes. After the treatment, the active mindfulness and tDCS group showed better results in all outcomes. The sham group also showed improvements, but with smaller effect sizes compared to the active group. The only significant difference in the intergroup analysis was the outcome evaluated by HIT-6 in the post treatment result. Our results provide the first therapeutic evidence of mindfulness practices associated with left DLPFC anodal tDCS with a consequent increase in the level of full attention and analgesic benefits in the clinical symptoms of patients with chronic migraine. (shrink)

Appellate Court Modifications Extraction consists of, given an Appellate Court decision, identifying the proposed modifications by the upper Court of the lower Court judge’s decision. In this work, we propose a system to extract Appellate Court Modifications for Portuguese. Information extraction for legal texts has been previously addressed using different techniques and for several languages. Our proposal differs from previous work in two ways: our corpus is composed of Brazilian Appellate Court decisions, in which we look for a set of (...) modifications provided by the Court; and to automatically extract the modifications, we use a traditional Machine Learning approach and a Deep Learning approach, both as alternative solutions and as a combined solution. We tackle the Appellate Court Modifications Extraction task, experimenting with a wide variety of methods. In order to train and evaluate the system, we have built the KauaneJunior corpus, using public data disclosed by the Appellate State Court of Rio de Janeiro jurisprudence database. Our best method, which is a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory network combined with Conditional Random Fields, obtained an \ score of 94.79%. (shrink)

¿Cómo se forma un sujeto político? En la herencia más antigua de la interrogación filosófica esta pregunta busca recuperar una actitud de asombro suscitada por prácticas diversas de relación consigo y con los otros en las que personas comunes y corrientes ponen en cuestión experiencias sedimentadas sobre el cuerpo y el género, así como fronteras establecidas entre lo natural y lo artificial, lo humano y lo animal, lo común y lo propio. Los artículos aquí reunidos apuntan a mostrar que para (...) pensar estas formas de agencia política es preciso atender a una dimensión amplia de la estética que se refiere al modo en que la materialidad sensorial de la experiencia compartida se ha conformado históricamente y a cómo esta, dada su contingencia, puede reconfigurarse desde ciertas prácticas cotidianas: prácticas de elaboración de sí y de organización colectiva que crean otros escenarios y otras maneras de aparición de los cuerpos, y con esto estrategias de confrontación y antagonismo que atraviesan y afectan lo social. Así, ¿Cómo se forma un sujeto político? es un esfuerzo colectivo de franca resistencia contra la estrechez desde el cual se nos tiende a hacer pensar la política: bien sea desde una política consensual liberal que acaba por neutralizar las diferencias más intratables de nuestra pluralidad, bien sea desde el realismo de una política conflictual y guerrera que funciona desde la polaridad amigo-enemigo. El lector podrá explorar y profundizar, desde otro ángulo, las apuestas epistemológicas, éticas y políticas que resuenan en estas prácticas artísticas y de acción colectiva que nos enseñan hoy, más allá de los paradigmas del "ciudadano" o del "actor racional", cómo se hace un sujeto político. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é pensar a imagem do ateu nos verbetes “Ateu” e “Ateísmo” da Enciclopédia e neles traçar a possibilidade de entendermos as marcas do pensamento lockiano. Esses traços são fundamentais para compreendermos a forma pela qual houve uma mudança na imagem do ateu entre os séculos XVII na Inglaterra e o XVIII na França e como essa alteração vai contribuir positivamente para uma melhor acolhida do não crente no ceio da sociedade moderna. Para fornecer maior inteireza ao (...) texto, ele está dividido em duas partes: na primeira, investigaremos o perfil dos autores dos verbetes “Ateu” e “Ateísmo”; na segunda, examinaremos propriamente os dois verbetes da Enciclopédia e neles buscaremos detectar os ecos do pensamento político de Locke. (shrink)

A Doutrina Espírita, codificada na França no século XIX, tem entre seus principais postulados a crença em um Deus único, na imortalidade da alma, na pluralidade dos mundos habitados, na comunicabilidade entre espíritos e na reencarnação. De leves pancadas a mesas girantes, nos salões parisienses, o fenômeno, nos primeiros momentos, era recebido com incredulidade ou frivolidade por aqueles que participavam das reuniões. Até o estudo realizado pelo pedagogo Hippolyte-Léon Denizard Rivail, não se imaginava que tais eventos sofressem ação direta de (...) Espíritos. O professor Rivail, sob o pseudônimo de Allan Kardec, foi o principal organizador, sistematizador e codificador da Doutrina Espírita. Orientado pelos Espíritos, publicou vários livros sobre o Espiritismo, entre eles O Livro dos Espíritos, que é alvo deste estudo. A codificação espírita surge em um período histórico em que o pensamento filosófico e científico encontravam-se profundamente influenciados por ideais do racionalismo e do positivismo, bem como pelo modelo evolucionista. A palavra evolução, tomada do fascínio que exercia no século XIX, devido à ideia de modernidade, é central para o espiritismo. O objetivo desta investigação está em pesquisar o sentido de evolução apresentado nas obras codificadas por Allan Kardec, em especial, no Livro dos Espíritos, e como esta compreensão pode contribuir para o diálogo inter-religioso. Parte da hipótese que, para a Doutrina Espírita, a evolução é central na vida do ser humano na medida em que possibilita modificações do comportamento humano. Evoluir implica num convite para sair de si para buscar o próximo. O pluralismo religioso desafia as pessoas e as religiões a viver a responsabilidade de entender o outro e suas crenças como um atributo de liberdade e de escolha. Neste horizonte de evolução, o diálogo inter-religioso torna-se princípio essencial para o avanço espiritual. Representa um incremento à nossa habilidade de escutar e compartilhar. O método de abordagem deste estudo foi o hipotético-dedutivo e da pesquisa bibliográfica, por meio da consulta de livros e textos psicografados. Por meio da codificação espírita, em especial, no Livro dos Espíritos, buscar-se-á, no sentido de evolução, um fator que pode favorecer um entendimento das alteridades e de cosmovisões religiosas, abrindo caminhos para variados diálogos. Por fim, pode afirmar que a codificação, por seu conteúdo universalista, pelo processo de regeneração moral do ser humano e de abertura às religiões, pode contribuir, com grandes ganhos, para construções de diálogos inter-religiosos. (shrink)

This paper is concerned with formal aspects of the logic of theory change, and in particular with the process of shrinking or contracting a theory to eliminate a proposition. It continues work in the area by the authors and Peter Gärdenfors. The paper defines a notion of safe contraction of a set of propositions, shows that it satisfies the Gärdenfors postulates for contraction and thus can be represented as a partial meet contraction, and studies its properties both in general and (...) under various natural constraints. (shrink)

Hybrid languages are expansions of propositional modal languages which can refer to worlds. The use of strong hybrid languages dates back to at least [Pri67], but recent work has focussed on a more constrained system called $\mathscr{H}$. We show in detail that $\mathscr{H}$ is modally natural. We begin by studying its expressivity, and provide model theoretic characterizations and a syntactic characterization. The key result to emerge is that $\mathscr{H}$ corresponds to the fragment of first-order logic which is invariant for generated (...) submodels. We then show that $\mathscr{H}$ enjoys interpolation, provide counterexamples for its finite variable fragments, and show that weak interpolation holds for the sublanguage $\mathscr{H}$. Finally, we provide complexity results for $\mathscr{H}$ and other fragments and variants, and sharpen known undecidability results for $\mathscr{H}$. (shrink)

The mental model theory predicts that reasoners normally represent what is true, but not what is false. One consequence is that reasoners should make "illusory" inferences, which are compelling but invalid. Three experiments confirmed the existence of such illusions based on disjunctions of disjunctions. They also established a successful antidote to them: Reasoners are much less likely to succumb to illusions if the inferences concern disjunctions of physical objects (alternative newspaper advertisements) rather disjunctions of the truth values of assertions. The (...) results shed light both on the cause of the illusions and on the current controversy among different theories of reasoning. (shrink)

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of socially responsible funds in Sweden by assessing fund managers' abilities and performances across different market states. These issues are analyzed at the aggregate and individual fund levels. The paper also presents several new statistical tests that allow more precise inferences about differences in performance and the variability in fund returns arising from different benchmarks. In general, SR and conventional funds perform similarly to the market. At the aggregate level, SR funds investing in Sweden (...) and Europe perform similarly to conventional funds, while those investing globally tend to underperform. This underperformance seems to be linked with poor selectivity abilities of global SR fund managers. For individual funds, the performance of both types of funds is more similar. Most funds perform similarly in crisis periods compared to non-crisis periods. Overall, our results are consistent with a mature market for SR investing and support the view that the similar performance of SR and conventional funds is associated with the mainstreaming of SR investment in Sweden. These findings encourage SR investing both by socially conscious investors, who wish to align their social values with their investment decisions, as well as by conventional investors, who will not be penalized by investing in these funds. We also call attention to the difficulties investors face when trying to identify funds with high social standards, considering that there is scarce information on the extent to which each fund holds stocks that comply with ethical and social criteria. (shrink)

This commentary focuses on the importance of attention skills in the development of universal associative learning, and it explains why the centrality of attention in UAL presents a considerable difficulty for the UAL approach. Attentional abilities are not just developmentally related to UAL but are in fact explanatory of UAL. The main problem is that all the types of attention involved in UAL can be dissociated from consciousness. This means that while attention skills for UAL might be necessary for consciousness, (...) they are not sufficient because they can all occur unconsciously. Thus, the possibility that UAL capacities might not be sufficient for consciousness cannot be eliminated, thereby challenging the key claim of the UAL approach. (shrink)

Independientemente de qué considere cada persona como saludable, lo más seguro es que cualquiera de nosotros quiera vivir una vida sin molestias ni dolores. De alguna manera todos queremos bienestar. Pues bien, el libro _Holistic Healing _editado por Peter A. Dunn nos presenta diferentes teorías, prácticas y el cambio social que estas traen consigo. Para algunos sectores y personas del ámbito de la salud, el término “holístico” puede causar desconfianza, recelo o simplemente indiferencia, ya que el término “holístico” ha sido (...) usado para referirse a prácticas de sanación que no hacen parte de la biomedicina o de la llamada medicina occidental. Lo interesante de este libro es que los autores de cada capítulo evidencian de distintas maneras que una aproximación más completa al ser humano permite abordar la salud desde una perspectiva que va más allá de curar las enfermedades físicas. Como veremos a continuación, una mirada holística considera las dimensión física, psicológica, emocional y espiritual del ser humano, cómo interactúan entre ellas y cómo se ven influenciadas por la realidad social, económica y ambiental. (shrink)

According to Marr, explanations of perceptual behavior should address multiple levels of analysis. Rahnev & Denison (R&D) are perhaps overly dismissive of optimality considerations at the computational level. Also, an exclusive reliance on standard observer models may cause neglect of many other plausible hypotheses at the algorithmic level. Therefore, as far as explanation goes, standard observer modeling is no panacea.

Según cierto sector de la posteoría, Ilya Prigogine habría creado una nueva alianza con la naturaleza bajo el signo de una conjunción de ciencia y filosofía, donde los estudios sobre la irreversibilidad, las estructuras disipativas y las estructuras auto-organizativas juegan un rol preponderante ..

Effective vaccines for COVID‐19 are already available to humankind. In Peru, 86 million doses were administered to cover the demand for 33 million Peruvian people. Hence, vaccination has been prioritized in groups: health personnel, subjects with pre‐existing health conditions and those over 65 years of age. However, given the social problems and the public health situation in Peru, this work defends that the priority of vaccination should be focused on the population living in extreme poverty. The method used was an (...) ethical argumentation on the distribution of scarce antiSARS‐CoV2 vaccine in Peru. This argument is based on the analysis of the Peruvian population living in extreme poverty, which presents different layers of vulnerability, and that, in the face of an eventual SARS‐CoV2 infection, these would be exacerbated one after the other, through a cascade effect. This scenario would give rise to new vulnerabilities to those already existing, causing greater damage. Vaccination efforts on this key population would give them the opportunity to continue to find ways to bring food to their homes, significantly reducing the risk of contagion in their environment and mitigating the devastating effect of the local diseases to which they are already exposed. Four objections related to this argument are raised with their corresponding responses. Priority access to the vaccine would significantly reduce the humanitarian harm to people living in extreme poverty, prevailing the principles of justice and equity. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notions of mediational fields and dynamic situated senses as a way to identify the structure of experiences, thoughts and their relations. To reach this purpose I draw some lessons from the debate between Dreyfus and McDowell about the structure of experience, from Cussins’s conception of mediational contents, and from Evans’s account of singular senses. I notice firstly that McDowell’s answer to Dreyfus consists in developing a practical and demonstrative notion of the (...) products of our conceptual capacities. A conception that entails that human experience is not entirely characterised in terms of an abstract specification of truth-conditions. McDowell and Cussins endorse Evans’s conception of singular senses. A specification that takes into account the dynamic and situated abilities involved in making reference. Whereas the first argues in favour of a conceptual conception of experience, the second one argues in favour of a nonconceptual conception. I introduce the notions of mediational fields and dynamic situated senses to argue that both converge in conceiving the contents of experience as mediational and not reducible to an abstract specification of truth-conditions. My proposal is to define a bidimensional space orthogonal to the conceptual/ nonconceptual, experience/thought, know-how/know-that dichotomies. Cognitive contents are ways to disclose the world both as mediational fields and as referential structures. The degree in which those elements are presented determine different varieties of cognition. I use the previous notions to develop the sketch of an account of singular, objective and contextual ways of cognition, and to argue that it is better to begin an enquiry about cognition with notions that do not presuppose a distinction between practical and intellectual capacities. (shrink)

1. The label conjunctive paraconsistency has been adopted to mean a consequence relation whereby ‘p and not p’ does not imply ‘p’ and ‘not p’ separately, so that Simplification in case of contradic...

This article focuses on the dangers to democratic processes of one of the main instruments of political propaganda, the so-called political microtargeting. This type of microtargeting allows you to direct specific content, towards specific people, at specific times and link them directly to their individual characteristics, biases, and vulnerabilities. The objective of this article is to expose the operation and the various types of political microtargeting, show the harmful consequences of this technique on democratic processes and propose solutions to address (...) these negative consequences. To achieve this objective, on the one hand, the extraction, exploitation, and use of large data sets for the creation of various types of personalized political propaganda will be detailed and, on the other hand, the various existing proposals will be analyzed to limit the negative effects that can cause political microtargeting and to enhance the functioning of Western democracies. Este artículo se centra en los peligros para los procesos democráticos de uno de los principales instrumentos de propaganda política, el llamado microtargeting político. Este tipo de microtargeting permite dirigir contenidos específicos, hacia votantes específicos, en momentos específicos y vincularlos directamente con sus características, sesgos y vulnerabilidades individuales. El objetivo de este artículo es exponer el funcionamiento y los diversos tipos de microtargeting político y mostrar las posibles consecuencias nocivas de esta técnica en los procesos democráticos. Para lograr este objetivo, por una parte, se detallará la extracción, explotación y utilización de grandes conjuntos de datos para la creación de diversos tipos de propaganda política personalizada y, por otra parte, se analizarán las diversas propuestas existentes para limitar los efectos negativos que puede causar el microtargeting político y para mejorar el funcionamiento de las democráticas occidentales. (shrink)

Innovation is often seen as essential for ventures to succeed. High business failure rates in entrepreneurship, however, suggest that innovations are frequently driven by entrepreneurs blinded by overconfidence. Thus, anticipating when and why entrepreneurs will be motivated to innovate is fundamental for entrepreneurial success. Using a large sample obtained from population surveys conducted in 77 countries, this study analyzes the variables that are significantly associated with innovative behaviors. The research tests a model proposing that the joint effects of hubris, growth (...) aspirations, and an entrepreneur’s level of entrepreneurial experience have a crucial impact on innovative endeavors. It finds that hubris is significantly related to entrepreneurs’ growth aspirations and that ambition, in turn, is positively related to innovative behaviors. In addition, the study finds that both relationships are moderated by the level of entrepreneurial experience. These findings highlight the need to wise up amateur entrepreneurs before they embark on innovative endeavors. (shrink)

El presente trabajo aborda sumamente la cuestión de la demostrabilidad de la existencia de Dios en el pensamiento del beato Ramon Llull. El tema es un camino entre otros para poner de manifiesto la específica manera que tiene Llull de entender las relaciones entre la razón y la fe. La comparación con la misma problemática en la esfera del aristotelismo, sobre todo el tomista, sin constituirse en el núcleo central del trabajo, acaba de aclarar la singular coherencia de la constitución (...) interna del "intellectus fidei" luliano. (shrink)

Our aim in this paper is to analyse the possibilities of a logical or epistemological equivalence between the projets of R. Dedekind and G. Frege for the foundations of arithmetic. It is well know that both of them have a “logicist” point of vew. But we think that even if some coincidences exist in the wa y they define the main concepts of arithmetic, some important differences remain.

The lack of conceptual analysis within cognitive science results in multiple models of the same phenomena. However, these models incorporate assumptions that contradict basic structural features of the domain they are describing. This is particularly true about the domain of mathematical cognition. In this paper we argue that foundational theoretic aspects of psychological models for language and arithmetic should be clarified before postulating such models. We propose a means to clarify these foundational concepts by analyzing the distinctions between metric and (...) linguistic compositionality, which we use to assess current models of mathematical cognition. Our proposal is consistent with the scientific methodology that determines that careful conceptual analysis should precede theoretical descriptions of data. 2012 APA, all rights reserved). (shrink)

The Polish logician Roman Suszko has extensively pleaded in the 1970s for a restatement of the notion of many-valuedness. According to him, as he would often repeat, “there are but two logical values, true and false.” As a matter of fact, a result by W´ojcicki-Lindenbaum shows that any tarskian logic has a many-valued semantics, and results by Suszko-da Costa-Scott show that any many-valued semantics can be reduced to a two-valued one. So, why should one even consider using logics with more (...) than two values? Because, we argue, one has to decide how to deal with bivalence and settle down the tradeoff between logical 2-valuedness and truth-functionality, from a pragmatical standpoint. -/- This paper will illustrate the ups and downs of a two-valued reduction of logic. Suszko’s reductive result is quite non-constructive.We will exhibit here a way of effectively constructing the two-valued semantics of any logic that has a truth-functional finite-valued semantics and a sufficiently expressive language. From there, as we will indicate, one can easily go on to provide those logics with adequate canonical systems of sequents or tableaux. The algorithmic methods developed here can be generalized so as to apply to many non-finitely valued logics as well —or at least to those that admit of computable quasi tabular two-valued semantics, the so-called dyadic semantics. (shrink)

Ao cabo de toda uma carreira universitária que quase pode ser confundida com a reflexão sobre Hume em língua portuguesa, a ponto de outros interesses, capazes de originar empresas como a tradução do Leviathan de Hobbes (também na INCM), serem como que laterais ao percurso do seu autor, João Paulo Monteiro publica Realidade e Cognição, uma obra que não se afasta dos domínios de gnoseologia e epistemologia contemporâneas que lhe são familiares nem da influência humeana que aqui surge explicitam...

The aim of this paper is to present a reflection on the idea of religiousness or religious sentiment in Benjamin Constant de Rebecque and the importance of this in free societies. For the author, the religious sentiment avoids the evils of selfishness and individualism and, at the same time, the dangers of political despotism and religious. In this sense, religion is seen as necessary to free societies. However, it must be separated from the priestly factions. Constant presents a strategy of (...) fusing a perspective of Enlightenment - with the concepts of progress and civilization - with aspects of the thought of Edmund Burke who advocated a more local interest. Thus, the "Greeks" - an "ideal type" avant la lettre - are presented with real people in history, which can help to think of our civilization. An "intermediate political principle", avoiding the excesses of philosophical abstraction. (shrink)

The article develops, in a Hegelian key, a possible explanation of the role that the Protestant idea of subjective autonomy plays in the shaping of the American political imaginary, and its respective paradigm of democracy. The starting point is an important indication by James Doull, later developed by David Peddle, on the notion of internal consent for the acceptance of political institutions, originally formulated within the Calvinist tradition of the Covenant. In my opinion, this observation is correct but insufficient to (...) fully explain the conformation of the imaginary of the sovereignty of the Demos. Following Doull's own line, whose examination projects Hegelian philosophy, what is required, in my opinion, is to investigate the specific type of experience of American consciousness in the colonial period from the perspective of analysis that Hegel develops in the Phenomenology of the Spirit. (shrink)

This paper is an attempt to point that a most fitting way of accounting for rule-following is seeing the knowledge involved in this behaviour as a specifically practical one. "Practical" here is taken from the Continental tradition which dates back to Aristotle and has Gadamer as its last mentor. In this way, rule-following comes to be related to taste and aesthetics.

El presente trabajo ofrece una interpretación hermenéutica del espectáculo Limbo, de la artista mexicana Gabriela Muñoz, también conocida como “Chula the clown”, a partir de los conceptos desierto y exilio, presentes en este ejercicio escénico, así como en el pensamiento de María Zambrano, donde se muestran como un problema filosófico, y en la obra del investigador Ignacio Izuzquiza. Exilio y desierto aparecen también en Esperando a Godot de Samuel Beckett, obra que se revela como influencia del trabajo de Muñoz y (...) con la que comparte algunos signos poéticos. El texto, asimismo, retoma los apuntes de la investigadora Melissa Lima Caminha, principalmente la noción de deconstrucción del clown femenino moderno y la categoría de monstruosidad para hablar de quienes han sido expulsados o expulsadas del grupo social por ser considerados diferentes y con lo cual viven, precisamente, en los linderos del exilio. En Muñoz, como sucede con la tradición clown, esta figura cómica se muestra como símbolo de lo excluido, lo deforme, lo anormal e, incluso, de lo despreciable. A partir de estas claves, la artista muestra el limbo como un estado emocional donde se diluyen las fronteras del tiempo y el espacio, en un ambiente que se mueve entre la desolación y la comicidad. (shrink)