El artículo propone la tesis según la cual De sobremesa de José Asunción Silva da cuenta del influjo novelador del arte tal y como se encarna en una existencia estética que pretende llevarse dentro del contexto filosófico de la muerte de Dios, esto es, del devenir fabulador del mundo. Para ello, se hace un seguimiento del modo como la novela problematiza la relación entre la vida del artista y la obra de arte, lo cual permite además aventurar una interpretación del (...) suicidio de Silva en términos de una resolución trágica de aquella metamorfosis artística de la realidad. Cuatro instancias de análisis se transitan en dicho seguimiento: i) el espacio novelesco como alternativa al pacto y al espacio autobiográficos, ii) la marginalidad del arte en la sociedad burguesa como manifestación sociohistórica del influjo novelador, iii) la estructura formal de la novela como el redoblamiento de la tendencia estética de la existencia y iv) el absoluto metafísico como la nada artística con potencialidades cómicas. (shrink)

By elaborating on the results presented in Lógica cuántica, Nmatrices y adecuación I, here we discuss the notions of adequacy and truth functionality in quantum logic from the point of view of a non-deterministic semantics based on Nmatrices. We present a proof of the impossibility of providing a functional semantics for the quantum lattice. An advantage of our proof is that it is independent of the number of truth values involved, generalizing previous works. Due to the impossibility of defining adequate (...) interpreting sets for the conjunction and disjunction (as was shown in our previous work), it follows that a homomorphism between the lattice of quantum projections and a Boolean algebra of n-elements cannot exist. (shrink)

En este artículo comparo la aplicación de la perspectiva evangelizadora denominada «Cristiandad» en el Nuevo Mundo, por un lado (I), y la labor misionera del jesuita Matteo Ricci en China, por el otro (II), enfatizando los fundamentos teológico-metafísicos que sustentaron cada empresa. Asimismo, propongo que la idea de «unidad a través de la diferencia» de Charles Taylor, así como la epistemología «posconciliar» de Joseph Ratzinger, ofrecen un marco interpretativo de la transición desde un catolicismo autoritario a uno basado en la (...) conciencia y la responsabilidad (III). (shrink)

El artículo analiza el tratamiento hegeliano del concepto de voluntad general de Rousseau en la Fenomenología del espíritu. Se teje una trama conceptual que enfatiza en: (i) la necesariedad del concepto de voluntad general de Rousseau en el entramado conceptual hegeliano; (ii) las implicancias de este concepto en la estructura política y social, en términos de una ausencia de instituciones de representación política en una sociedad ética; (iii) las consecuencias violentas y nihilistas de la extrapolación práctica de la voluntad general (...) como axioma teórico. (shrink)

El autor analiza, en la perspectiva de la filosofia del derecho, la cuestión de la relación entre derecho y moral en la Evangelium Vitae. En particular, se detiene a analizar las teorías que tematizan la neutralidad del derecho , como la teoría liberal libertaria que identifica el derecho con la garantía de la autonomía individual, y la teoría democrático-procesal que hace coincidir el derecho con el voto de la mayoría. Juan Pablo II critica los caminos postmodernos del derecho, (...) retomando sobre el plano filosófico y teológico la doctrina del derecho natural , que reconoce en el hombre sus derechos inviolables y su dignidad intrínseca. En el horizonte jurisnaturalista, existe un deber moral por parte del ciudadano de criticar y de no obedecer las leyes injustas y por parte del jurista y del político a actuar por abrogar, reformar y reformular con el fin de adecuar el derecho positivo a la exigencias intrínsecas de la naturaleza humana. (shrink)

En el presente artículo, analizamos la influencia que el “gran Doctor del Occidente” ha ejercido sobre el pensamiento doctrinal de Juan Pablo II, un Pontífice que, a través de su magisterio, lleno de santidad y de sabiduría de Dios, ha demostrado al mundo entero cómo las palabras sabias y elocuentes de este “gran hombre y santo” resuenan aún con fuerza dentro del seno de la Iglesia. Es por ello que, basándonos en algunas Encíclicas o Cartas Apostólicas, corroboramos el (...) “buen olor agustiniano” tanto en la vida como en la obra de este papa santo cuyo único propósito, al igual que san Agustín, fue el de servir a Dios y a la Iglesia, defendiendo en todo momento la fe católica. Así, como reza el título de este artículo, “dos amores constituyeron dos grandes pastores”: el amor a Dios y el amor al prójimo, las dos “alas de la caridad”, pues “Ama y haz lo que quieras”. (shrink)

El presente estudio se propone iluminar la recepción de la exhortación apostólica Amoris laetitia. Para ello se toma como hilo conductor los tres verbos que aparecen en el capítulo VIII de la misma: acompañar, integrar y discernir, teniendo presente el conjunto de la exhortación. Siguiendo de cerca el vademécum escrito por tres profesores de la sede central del Instituto Teológico Juan Pablo II, consideramos sucesivamente el significado del acompañamiento, la integración y el discernimiento para la pastoral familiar. En (...) el acompañar nos detenemos en el acompañamiento de novios en su preparación próxima, en el acompañamiento de los primeros años de matrimonio, y en el acompañamiento de situaciones difíciles, como tres aspectos singularmente importantes hoy. El retorno a la comunión plena en la Iglesia es el objetivo del camino de la integración que tiene como sujeto a la entera comunidad cristiana. Finalmente, discernir no quiere decir discernir sobre el estado de gracia de una persona, cosa que únicamente le corresponde a Dios, sino que el objeto del discernimiento es triple: el deseo, el vínculo matrimonial y los pasos concretos. (shrink)

A lo largo de la historia de la Iglesia, podemos comprobar cómo el magisterio agustiniano se convirtió en una constante, que perdura hasta nuestros días. Así, san Agustín ha sido una “inagotable fuente” de inspiración tanto para Pontífices como para numerosos documentos eclesiales. De esta forma, en el presente artículo analizamos —entre otros aspectos— tanto la encíclica Lumen Fidei como la Nueva edición del Directorio para la vida y ministerio de los presbíteros, ambos documentos influenciados e ilustrados con el magisterio (...) del santo obispo de Hipona, magisterio que —como bien señaló el beato Juan Pablo II en su encíclica Augustinum Hipponensem— debe continuar “en la Iglesia y en el mundo a beneficio de la cultura y de la fe”. (shrink)

Based on a critical theoretical tradition of democracy, the article rehearses an interpretation of the Chilean revolt of October 2019. It is argued that this episode indicates the exhaustion of the myth in which democracy obtains its legitimacy and perpetuation as a promise of the realisation of its founding values. To this end, it examines the overall historical context in which the Chilean democratic transition is taking place, thus discovering its close link to the order designed by the Chilean dictatorship. (...) A series of symbolisms articulate the global market order with the social model favoured by the dictatorship, but implemented with a democratic appearance. Finally, the elements that allow us to understand the signs of the collapse of the ‘democratic mythologem’ in the October revolt are reviewed and questions are asked about the political challenges that are posed. (shrink)

Does self-control require willpower? The question cuts to the heart of a debate about whether self-control is identical with some psychological process internal to the agents or not. Noticeably absent from these debates is systematic evidence about the folk-psychological category of self-control. Here, we present the results of two behavioral studies (N = 296) that indicate the structure of everyday use of the concept. In Study 1, participants rated the degree to which different strategies to respond to motivational conflict exemplify (...) self-control. Participants distinguished between intra-psychic and externally-scaffolded strategies and judged that the former exemplified self-control more than the latter. In Study 2, participants provided various solutions to manage motivational conflict and rated their proposals on effectiveness. Participants produced substantially more intra-psychic strategies, rated them as more effective, and advised them at a higher rate than externally-scaffolded strategies. Taken together, these results suggest that while people recognize a plurality of strategies as genuine instances of self-control, purely internal exercises of self-control are considered more prototypical than their externally-scaffolded counterparts. This implies a hierarchical structure for the folk psychological category of self-control. The concept encompasses a variety of regulatory strategies and organizes these strategies along a hierarchical continuum, with purely intra-psychic strategies at the center and scaffolded strategies in the periphery. (shrink)

How did cultural factors participate in the event of October in Chile? How were these factors related to each other? What implications did they have for collective action and social life? The purpose of the article is to carry out a cultural reading of the October event. To do this, a dialogue is proposed between cultural sociology and cultural studies, applied to the October protest movement, resorting to interpretive research tools. The appropriation of Plaza Italia, in Santiago, by the protesters, (...) is used in an illustrative way to highlight the cultural elements and their interactions. Among the findings, the production of meaning based on motifs and frames stands out, the production of its own symbolism and iconography and the deployment of performances that allow defining the Plaza itself as an artifact of protest. Then certain scopes of the above for civil society are discussed. It concludes with a projection of the work and a brief reflection on the relationship between social sciences and humanities to deploy an interpretive strategy of empirical research. (shrink)

This article seeks to raise the problems of the notion of difference according to Heidegger and Deleuze, for, to our knowledge, they are two of the mayor contemporary thinkers who have influenced our time by addressing this issue. What is “new” about the ways Heidegger and Deleuze think the notion of difference? What convergences appear between their proposals? What disagreements occur between their philosophies? The article is an attempt to provide critical answers to these questions.

This article analyzes the philosophical concept of dwelling from the perspective of a media pragmatics. Media pragmatics is presented here as a method that discloses the circular relation between rule-bound practices and the material and technological substrates that support them. This method is put into practice through a comparative philosophical interpretation of two “canonical” models of dwelling: the Greek oikos and the bourgeois home. Because dwelling, as Heidegger argued, is an interface mediating between the “lifeworld” and the “world” while also (...) organizing relations within the lifeworld, it serves here as a privileged object for articulating this method. (shrink)

A central aim of cognitive science is to understand the fundamental mechanisms that enable humans to navigate and make sense of complex environments. In this letter, we argue that computational complexity theory, a foundational framework for evaluating computational resource requirements, holds significant potential in addressing this challenge. As humans possess limited cognitive resources for processing vast amounts of information, understanding how humans perform complex cognitive tasks requires comprehending the underlying factors that drive information processing demands. Computational complexity theory provides a (...) comprehensive theoretical framework to achieve this goal. By adopting this framework, we can gain new insights into how cognitive systems work and develop a more nuanced understanding of the relation between task complexity and human behavior. We provide empirical evidence supporting our argument and identify several open research questions and challenges in applying computational complexity theory to human decision‐making and cognitive science at large. (shrink)

From our everyday commuting to the gold medalist’s world-class performance, skillful actions are characterized by fine-grained, online agentive control. What is the proper explanation of such control? There are two traditional candidates: intellectualism explains skillful agentive control by reference to the agent’s propositional mental states; anti-intellectualism holds that propositional mental states or reflective processes are unnecessary since skillful action is fully accounted for by automatic coping processes. I examine the evidence for three psychological phenomena recently held to support anti-intellectualism and (...) argue that it supports neither traditional candidate, but an intermediate attention-control account, according to which the top-down, intention-directed control of attention is a necessary component of skillful action. Only this account recognizes both the role of automatic control in skilled action and the need for higher-order cognition to thread automatic processes together into a unified, skillful performance. This applies to bodily skillful action in general, from the world-class performance of experts to mundane, habitual action. The attention-control account stresses that, for intentions to play their role as top-down modulators of attention, agents must sustain the intention’s activation; hence, the need for reflecting throughout performance. (shrink)

Researchers often claim that self-control is a skill. It is also often stated that self-control exertions are intentional actions. However, no account has yet been proposed of the skillful agency that makes self-control exertion possible, so our understanding of self-control remains incomplete. Here I propose the skill model of self-control, which accounts for skillful agency by tackling the guidance problem: how can agents transform their abstract and coarse-grained intentions into the highly context-sensitive, fine-grained control processes required to select, revise and (...) correct strategies during self-control exertion? The skill model borrows conceptual tools from ‘hierarchical models’ recently developed in the context of motor skills, and asserts that self-control crucially involves the ability to manage the implementation and monitoring of regulatory strategies as the self-control exercise unfolds. Skilled agents are able do this by means of flexible practical reasoning: a fast, context-sensitive type of deliberation that incorporates non-propositional representations into the formation and revision of the mixed-format intentions that structure self-control exertion. The literatures on implementation intentions and motivation framing offer corroborating evidence for the theory. As a surprising result, the skill of self-control that allows agents to overcome the contrary motivations they experience is self-effacing: instead of continuously honing this skill, expert agents replace it with a different one, which minimizes or prevents contrary motivations from arising in the first place. Thus, the more expert you are at self-control, the less likely you are to use it. (shrink)

Rastrear los diferentes sentidos de lo público en la historia de la humanidad, es entrar en un terreno marcado por la polémica. Sus raíces y huellas son posibles de encontrar en la polis griega como en la res pública romana. Su fisonomía moderna está marcada, sin duda, por el pensamiento de Inmanuel Kant, quien de alguna manera delimitará el debate, que continuará en las reflexiones seminales de Jurgen Habermas sobre la esfera pública o en la crítica de Hannah Arendt a (...) la distinción entre .. (shrink)

This article analyzes the evolution of state capacity in Peru during the recent commodity boom. Peru’s economic growth happened in a context in which inclusive democratic institutions were at play for the longest period ever registered in the country and at a time when political elites decided to invest considerable resources in developing state capacity. This case illustrates how boom-led economic growth can lead to the institutional strengthening of a weak state. However, state capacity continues to be low in Peru. (...) The causal mechanism that yields such continuity differs from those entertained in classic path-dependent explanations of state capacity in Latin America. The article identifies a novel mechanism that helped reproduce the Peruvian path intertemporally. This relational mechanism suggests that state capacity remains low because of the relatively enhanced capacities of state challengers to locally fend off and contest an otherwise much stronger state apparatus. The article argues, on that basis, the need to employ a relational analysis that gauges net state strength with respect to the power acquired by relevant non-state actors who might challenge state authority across different local arenas. Classic conceptualizations of state capacity are indeed relational, but conventional applications are predominantly unilateral and, thus, misleading. Unilateral notions of state capacity are those that focus on either state efforts and investments to assert state capacity or, alternatively, on the presence of challenges that curtail the levels of actually observed state capacity. (shrink)

Tras una breve consideración de las principales concepciones de la Psicología contemporánea acerca de la afectividad humana, se presenta a la Psicología integral de la persona como un meta-modelo capaz de iluminar y poner orden en el conocimiento actual acerca de los afectos. En concreto, se proponen seis aportes a la comprensión de la vida afectiva, a partir de la consideración de (1) la relación de los grados de vida humana con la afectividad, (2) la relación de la afectividad con (...) el resto de las potencias del alma, (3) la relación de los afectos entre sí, (4) la relación de los afectos con la realidad, (5) la relación de los afectos, en especial del amor-pondus, con el conjunto de la personalidad y (6) la relación de los afectos con la dimensión moral. (shrink)

En el presente artículo abordo la preocupación de la filosofía y la medicina respecto a la vinculación entre dietética y ética. Para lograr aquello, el texto está dividido en cuatro partes. Las tres primeras se enfocan en exponer el pensamiento de Hipócrates, Friedrich Nietzsche y, Michel Foucault y sus reflexiones sobre la salud, la naturaleza humana, el autocontrol de la alimentación y la afirmación de la autonomía. La última sección está dedicada, por un lado, a señalar puntos comunes entre las (...) diversas reflexiones y, por otro, a reivindicar la dietética como problema filosófico y aspecto fundamental de la salud. (shrink)

El presente artículo, tiene como objetivo mostrar que el giro copernicano centrado en el Ego trascendental ha sido cuestionado y revisado críticamente por el giro lingüístico-hermenéutico contemporáneo al decir de Scannone.[1] Esta doble criticidad es posible a partir de la reinterpretación de las categorías esenciales de la metafísica moderna cuyo puntapié inicial puede situarse en el “otro comienzo” del pensar que produce Heidegger para la filosofía contemporánea. De este modo, la tesis que sostenemos en este artículo es que esta nueva (...) racionalidad crítica se encuentra sintetizada en la noción de Acontecimiento heideggeriana. [1] Scannone, J. C.; “El nuevo pensamiento y el otro comienzo”: en Scannone, J. C. Comp.; Un nuevo pensamiento para otro mundo posible, Editorial de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, 2010, p.10. (shrink)

This paper introduces the theory QST of quasets as a formal basis for the Nmatrices. The main aim is to construct a system of Nmatrices by substituting standard sets by quasets. Since QST is a conservative extension of ZFA (the Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with Atoms), it is possible to obtain generalized Nmatrices (Q-Nmatrices). Since the original formulation of QST is not completely adequate for the developments we advance here, some possible amendments to the theory are also considered. One of the (...) most interesting traits of such an extension is the existence of complementary quasets which admit elements with undetermined membership. Such elements can be interpreted as quantum systems in superposed states. We also present a relationship of QST with the theory of Rough Sets RST, which grants the existence of models for QST formed by rough sets. Some consequences of the given formalism for the relation of logical consequence are also analysed. (shrink)