Aquí se presenta un avance de la investigación acerca de la filosofíaandina prehispánica que parte de la organización de los fragmentos,textos o relatos hallados en los documentos de extirpación deidolatrías, de las crónicas de los españoles, de los informes de lacasta sacerdotal del virreinato, registrados durante la colonizaciónespañola del Perú. En éste, en lo fundamental, se presenta laargumentación sobre la teoría del pensamiento y los problemasfundamentales de la filosofía. Se trata del contenido monumentaldel pensamiento filosófico andino prehispánico perdido entre laabundancia (...) de argumentos y comunicaciones de carácter religioso,mágico y mítico dominante. Con esto esperamos demostrar que síexistió filosofía en el mundo andino prehispánico según un esquemaacorde a la matriz planteada por la filosofía occidental griega. (shrink)

Coeducación implica replantear todo el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, y requiere un marco concreto de aplicación y evaluación. Contamos con desarrollo normativo, recursos y materiales en la materia, sin embargo, la escuela sigue reproduciendo sexismos. La Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales incluye las competencias, saberes y estrategias óptimas para la coeducación; además, la etapa de Educación Infantil es clave en el proceso de socialización sin sesgos de género. Por todo lo expuesto, en esta investigación se analiza el Real Decreto 95/2022, de (...) 1 de febrero, por el que se establece la ordenación y las enseñanzas mínimas de la Educación Infantil, para identificar en qué medida la actual reforma educativa, basada en el aprendizaje competencial, garantiza una práctica escolar libre de sexismos. Se concluye con las siete competencias coeducativas básicas desde las que seguir desarrollando el marco. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo fundamental explorar la posibilidad de un currículum de la Herstory del Arte, entendiendo por ésta, la visibilidad de las biografías y las contribuciones artísticas de las mujeres. Así pues, por un lado, este estudio aborda cómo deconstruir el currículum oculto, a través de una propuesta de currículum postmoderno que incorpore las her/stories del Arte. Por otro lado, se lleva a cabo un análisis cuantitativo de la presencia o ausencia de las mujeres artistas en el (...) currículum de las materias de Historia del Arte de las diferentes legislaciones españolas hasta desembocar en un estudio basado en el análisis crítico del discurso feminista del currículum de Fundamentos del Arte I y II de bachillerato. (shrink)

Constructivism rejects the metaphysical position that “truth”, and thus knowledge in science, can represent an “objective” reality, independent of the knower. It modifies the role of knowledge from “true” representation to functional viability. In this interview, Ernst von Glasersfeld, the leading proponent of Radical Constructivism underlines the inaccessibility of reality, and proposes his view that the function of cognition is adaptive, in the biological sense: the adaptation is the result of the elimination of all that is not adapted. There is (...) no rational way of knowing anything outside the domain of our experience and we construct our world of experiences. In addition to these philosophical claims, the interviewee provides some personal insights; he also gives some suggestions about better teaching and problem solving. These are the aspects of constructivism that have had a major impact on instruction and have modified the manner many of us teach. The process of teaching as linguistic communication, he says, needs to change in a way to involve actively the students in the construction of their knowledge. Because knowledge is not a transferable commodity, learning is mainly identified with the activity of the construction of personal meaning. This interview also provides glimpses on von Glasersfeld’s life. (shrink)

In this paper I argue that some human reproductive genome editing interventions can be therapeutic in nature, and thus that it is false that all such interventions just create healthy individuals. I do this by showing that the conditions established by a therapy definition are met by certain reproductive genome editing interventions. I then defend this position against two objections: (a) reproductive genome editing interventions do not attain one of the two conditions for something to be a therapy, and (b) (...) some reproductive genome editing interventions are therapeutic but in a nonstandard way. In the Conclusion I call for a more nuanced discussion of the nature of reproductive genome editing interventions. (shrink)

I analyze the extent to which classical phase transitions, both first order and continuous, pose a challenge for intertheoretic reduction. My contention is that phase transitions are compatible with a notion of reduction that combines Nagelian reduction and what Thomas Nickles called Reduction2. I also argue that, even if the same approach to reduction applies to both types of phase transitions, there is a crucial difference in their physical treatment: in addition to the thermodynamic limit, in continuous phase transitions there (...) is a second infinite limit involved, which marks an important difference in the reduction of first-order and continuous phase transitions. (shrink)

Antonio Caso.--José Vasconcelos.--Samuel Ramos.--Leopoldo Zea.--La filosofía de lo mexicano.

It has been commonplace to equate Foucault’s 1979 series of lectures at the Collège de France with the claim that for neoliberalism, unlike for classical liberalism, the market needs to be artificially constructed. The article expands this claim to its full expression, taking it beyond what otherwise would be a simple divulgation of a basic neoliberal tenet. It zeroes in on Foucault’s own insight: that neoliberal constructivism is not directed at the market as such, but, in principle, at society, arguing (...) that the value of this insight goes beyond the critique of a neoliberal present. The neoliberal rationale rather helps him to reveal a unique historical architecture, a latent approach to the social dissimilar to the one that has long predominated in the human sciences. The inversion of homo œconomicus in neoliberal theory amounted to the unearthing of a ‘social subject of interest’ within civil society. Such a subject, barely recognized by neoliberals who simply instrumentalize it for the sake of the market, demonstrates that the social is not necessarily the natural product of ethical subjects; that society may also need to be constructed. (shrink)

Some Comments on de Melo-Martin and Harris.

In a recent publication Tom Douglas and Katrien Devolder have proposed a new account of genetic parenthood, building on the work of Heidi Mertes. Douglas and Devolder’s account aims to solve, among other things, the question of who are the genetic parents of an individual created through somatic cell nuclear transfer (i.e. cloning): (a) the nuclear DNA provider or (b) the progenitors of the nuclear DNA provider. Such a question cannot be answered by simply appealing to the folk account of (...) genetic parenthood, according to which the genetic parents of an individual are those individuals who produced the egg and sperm, respectively, which fused to create the embryo. It cannot be so as in cloning there is no fertilization as such. In this article I critically examine Douglas and Devolder’s new account of genetic parenthood and demonstrate that it is vulnerable to counterexamples that exploit the lack of a condition specifying that genetic parents should cause a child’s coming into existence. (shrink)

The recent resurgence of extreme-right movements and the nationalist turn of many governments across the world have reignited the relevance of discussions within educational philosophy about the teaching of national identity in schools. However, the conceptualisation of national identity in previous iterations of these debates have been largely Western and Eurocentric, making the past theoretical literature about these questions less relevant for post-colonial settings. In this paper, I imagine a new approach for teaching national identity in post- colonial contexts, founded (...) on postcolonial conceptions of identity and in particular, the concept of hybridity. I first develop a postcolonial account of national identity by drawing on Homi Bhabha’s thinking about cultural identity, drawing on his concepts of liminality, splitting, and ambivalence. Then, building on Bhabha’s notion of hybridity, I propose a distinction between national identity portrayals as either fixed or malleable. Finally, I demonstrate the implications of such a conceptual distinction on the way that national identity is taught in post-colonial schools; by way of an example, I envision a concrete approach to teaching national identity that views national identity as malleable rather than fixed, set in a hypothetical postcolonial school in the Philippines. By beginning from postcolonial assumptions about national identity, I hope to indicate new directions that the debates about the teaching of national identity in schools might proceed. (shrink)

Para uma crítica da objetividade no monitoramento da qualidade da educação básica no Brasil Resumo: O objetivo deste texto analisar criticamente os aspectos da política de monitoramento da qualidade da educação básica no Brasil que se orientam por uma suposta possibilidade de controle científico/objetivo da qualidade do ensino. Trata-se de uma discussão de base bibliográfica. Por meio da abordagem de algumas concepções e consequências dessas políticas, discute-se a cientificidade alegada pela política de monitoramento da qualidade da educação como categoria ideológica. (...) Por fim, evidencia-se a possibilidade de as medidas adotadas na política educacional desviarem o foco do enfrentamento real das desigualdades educacionais, convertendo-se em mera gestão de dados do fracasso escolar. Palavras-chave: Monitoramento; Qualidade da educação; Ciência; Ideologia. For a review of objectivity in quality monitoring of basic education in Brazil Abstract: The purpose of this text is to analyze critically the aspects of the policy for quality monitoring of basic education in Brazil, which is guided by a supposed possibility of scientific control/objective of the quality of education. This is a bibliographical discussion. By approaching some conceptions and consequences of these policies, we discuss a scientificity alleged by the policy of monitoring the quality of education as an ideological category. Finally, the evidence can be adopted as measures adopted in deviated educational policy or in the real focus of facing educational inequalities, becoming the management of school education data. Keywords: Monitoring; Quality of education; Science; Ideology. Para una revisión de la objetividad en el monitoreo de la calidad de la educación básica en Brasil Resumen: El objetivo de este texto es analizar críticamente los aspectos de la política de monitoreo de la calidad de la educación básica en Brasil, que se guía por una supuesta posibilidad de control científico / objetivo de la calidad de la educación. Esta es una discusión bibliográfica. Al abordar algunas concepciones y consecuencias de estas políticas, discutimos una cientificidad alegada por la política de monitoreo de la calidad de la educación como categoría ideológica. Finalmente, la evidencia se puede adoptar como medidas adoptadas en una política educativa desviada o en el enfoque real de enfrentar las desigualdades educativas, convirtiéndose en el manejo de los datos de educación escolar. Palabras clave: Monitoreo; Calidad de la educación; Ciencia; Ideología. Data de registro: 27/12/2019 Data de aceite: 22/09/2021. (shrink)

To build cultures of peace, one must often lay aside the "expert" label and become a student in the world who is willing to learn from other cultures in pursuit of peace. To set up an intercultural dialogue on this topic, the Committee for the Psychological Study of Peace, in conjunction with the University for Peace and the Institute for Psychological Research of the University of Costa Rica, sponsored the 6th International Symposium on the Contribution of Psychology to Peace. This (...) special issue extends the dialogue which began at the Symposium. Aiming to help define the role and contributions of psychologists in building cultures of peace, the articles in this issue address: *topics relating to human rights; *how psychologists can contribute to democratization; *how psychology has much to say on the causes and dynamics of intolerance and the processes of building tolerance in the context of intergroup relations; *how psychology can contribute to understanding and fostering nonviolence; *how cultures of peace will not be possible without a concerted effort to bring about global environmental security and that our failure to restore environmental health is fundamentally a psychological problem; and *psychologically informed policies for the promotion of cultures of peace, including the importance of gender equity. (shrink)

A thorough historical survey of philosophies of the arts.

A thorough historical survey of philosophies of the arts.

Various images of the face of the Turin Shroud Man, acquired at different wavelengths, from the near infrared region to the ultraviolet, have been studied and compared. A correlation as a function of the wavelength, between the penetration depth in the fabric of the incident light and the anatomic details visible on the images, is discussed based on the physical properties of linen threads and light. In addition, the backside of the Turin Shroud, in correspondence of the region of the (...) face, has been examined, evidencing the possible presence of a second superficial image impressed on the backside. Notwithstanding the high level of scientific knowledge today reached, there is no known physical/chemical process which allows to explain all the properties of the Turin Shroud’s body image. According to our scientific knowledge, the corpse of a dead man cannot produce an energy capable to imprint on a linen cloth an image with all the microscopical and macroscopical properties discovered by analyzing the body image of the Turin Shroud, which has not yet been reproduced in any laboratory in the world. According to faith the corpse of a living Man can do it, during the resurrection, assuming a different state of matter. With this respect, the Turin Shroud can be considered as a two-thousand-old relic witnessing to the humanity, just in the age of science, the reasonableness of the faith in the resurrection. (shrink)

This discussion brings together five economists who address the major questions raised by the recent developments in the crisis of neoliberalism. The participants confront their respective definitions of neoliberalism, their understanding of the role played by financial mechanisms in the crisis and their interpretation of the crisis of sovereign debts. They discuss the implications of the crisis for the forces of the left, examining the consequences of the current weakening of the prior American hegemony : does it point to a (...) bipolar or a multipolar world, a period during which regional evolutions will have a degree of relative autonomy, some of which might define the outlines of the alternatives to neoliberalism? (shrink)

Para obtener una idea aproximada del horizonte estético del hombre medieval, es preciso referirse a la relación de la estética con la cultura, a la antropología subyacente, y a los diversos campos en los cuales el hombre descubre la belleza. El hombre medieval se relaciona con lo bello en el orden objetivo de las realidades del mundo, en la forja de la propia personalidad mediante las virtudes, y en el campo de las artes útiles y bellas. Tomás de Aquino es (...) un óptimo guía para descubrir el horizonte estético del hombre medieval. El artículo indica las etapas de este recorrido estético en el mundo objetivo, subjetivo y proyectivo. La primacía corresponde al logro de la belleza en el ser humano mediante la adquisición de las virtudes, de modo especial las de la vida contemplativa, para lo cual disponen las morales, y las artísticas. (shrink)

En su libro The Cinematic Footprint (2012), la teórica de los estudios sobre el cine Nadia Bozak propone un análisis de la producción cinematográfica basado en su relación con los consumos y los recursos naturales de los que ésta depende. Desde este punto de vista, este artículo parte de tres escenas de la filmografía del realizador ruso Andrei Tarkovsky para examinar, desde las condiciones materiales de su producción, un campo de interacciones entre imagen y transformación del paisaje más allá de (...) la representación. El trabajo de Tarkovsky es entonces analizado en este texto desde el marco de las relaciones trabadas a lo largo del siglo XX entre imagen, extractivismo y crecimiento vegetal. En particular, los planos examinados son puestos en relación con programas de colonización agraria, agricultura de precisión y técnicas de reforestación como el bombardeo de semillas. El contraste entre la naturaleza extractivista de la mediación por la imagen en estos casos y el carácter de "práctica de cine vegetal" con el que ha sido descrito el cine de Tarkovsky (Uhlin 2015) invitan a rearticular la diferencia entre imagen y crecimiento vegetal en términos de los llamados "medios elementales" introducidos durante la última década en el ámbito de la teoría de los medios. (shrink)