O presente artigo apresenta reflexões sobre a leitura gramsciana de Marx a partir de sua crítica aos revisionismos idealista e materialista vulgar, expressos nos pensamentos de Benedetto Croce e Nikolai Bukharin. Este tema percorre os Cadernos do Cárcere e redefine alguns conceitos de Marx, principalmente o de ideologia. Trata-se de compreender esta dupla combinação como parte da dificuldade dos intelectuais italianos de assimilarem a dialética materialista. Para Gramsci, o marxismo a tarefa de combater as ideologias modernas em sua forma mais (...) refinada e, ao mesmo tempo, ser assimilável e esclarecer as massas populares. O que ocorreu foi o abandono das características independentes e originais do marxismo para a sua adequação às filosofias existentes. (shrink)

Karel Kosík’s book Dialectics of the Concrete. A Study on Problems of Man and World, elaborated under the impact of the de-Stalinization process, is one of the important attempts to rethink Marxist philosophy; it was an attempt to overcome the theoretical stagnation caused by the Stalinist period. It considers the state of Marxist theory, its relations to the past theoretical tradition, as well as it attempts to develop a critical and creative dialogue with different contemporary theoretical conceptions, then hegemonic. Through (...) his reading of Marx and his A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy project, Kosík searches for ways of discussing different relationships between philosophy and economics in the contemporary world, and, in particular, he analyzes different theoretical or ideological forms of the reified characteristics of the pseudoconcrete world of care, homo oeconomicus and economic factor. (shrink)