À primeira vista, parece óbvia a mensagem contida no episódio em que o profeta Elias, ao fugir para o deserto, alcança o monte Horeb. Há os que percebem na narrativa uma clara referência a uma jornada interior, empreendida pelo profeta, com vistas à renovação de seu chamado ou mesmo como um retorno às fontes da fé. No entanto, a análise das estratégias de construção da narrativa pode levar ao propósito da mensagem conforme engendrada pelo narrador. (...) O presente artigo consiste em uma leitura de 1 Reis 19,1-21. O objetivo é questionar o texto a partir do instrumental oferecido pelo método da análise narrativa, com vistas a explicitar as estratégias escolhidas pelo narrador e seus efeitos sobre o leitor implícito, procurando não perder de vista as particularidades da narrativa bíblica. Além disto, pretende-se identificar o caminho que está proposto ao leitor atual, destacando a catequese envolvida na perícope. O medo na vida do fiel pode conduzi-lo para fora do lugar da obediência. No entanto, a intervenção divina acena a possibilidade de correção da rota assumida por pensamentos distorcidos acerca de si, de sua missão e de Deus. Palavras-chave: Profeta Elias. Narrativa bíblica. Análise narrativa.At first glance, the message contained the episode in which the prophet Elijah flees to the desert and reaches the Mount Horeb seems to be obvious. There are some who face the narrative as a clear reference to an inner journey undertaken by the Prophet in order to renew his call or return to the sources of faith. However, the analysis of narrative strategies can lead to the message purpose as designed by its narrator. This article presents a reading of 1 Ki 19,1-21. It aims to question the text by using the tools offered by narrative analysis method in order to highlight chosen strategies and their impact on implied reader, considering the particularities of biblical narrative. The goal is also to identify the path or catechesis proposed to the current reader. The presence of fear in the believer’s life can lead him astray from obedience place. Divine intervention, however, indicates the possibility of getting back on track believer’s distorted thoughts about himself, his mission and God. Keywords: Prophet Elijah. Biblical narrative. Narrative analysis. (shrink)

O silêncio e a invisibilidade são as palavras que melhor representam a história da mulher no decorrer de muitos séculos. Desde a antiguidade, as mulheres foram impedidas de falar, e até nos dias atuais, infelizmente, pouco se valoriza o discurso feminino. Em diversas sociedades, o direito a expressar-se é severamente combatido, punido com rigor. A essas mulheres, vilipendiadas em seus direitos, resta um único espaço: o da subalternidade. Nesse contexto de subalternidade, habitando o espaço prisional marginal, fazer uso da palavra (...) e apropriar-se do direito à fala é um ato de coragem e de rebeldia. O presente artigo analisa o testemunho de uma mulher em situação de prisão que, até chegar ali, teve quase todos os seus direitos humanos profanados. A narrativa destaca suas experiências e traz à luz suas memórias e a maneira como dialoga com o passado. A partir da cela da prisão, a mulher produz o seu discurso, elabora o seu balbucio, que embora abafado, ultrapassa as grades e os altos muros. É através do poder de sua voz que ela reivindica o direito à fala, o direito de recontar-se, de falar de si. Neste artigo, analisamos, sob a perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais, a história narrada por VB1, uma mulher negra que cumpre pena em regime fechado. A partir desta análise, propomos uma reflexão sobre o espaço prisional, o direito à fala e o papel da memória nesse processo. Teremos como referências teóricas as identidades culturais em tempos de pós-modernidade com Stuart Hall, as reflexões sobre memória individual e coletiva de Maurice Halbwachs, estudos acerca da subalternidade com Hugo Achugar e Gayatri Spivak, espaço fronteiriço e memórias subalternas com Edgar Nolasco, reflexões sobre o papel da mulher propostas por Michele Perrot, entre outros. Palavras-chave: Subalternidade. Memorialística. Prisão. (shrink)

Este artigo tematiza o apóstolo Pedro como personagem no evangelho de Mateus. O objetivo é identificar as nuances e transformações do personagem Pedro no evangelho. Para tanto, tomo como ponto de partida a pertença do evangelho ao gênero literário biografia greco-romana, que apresenta Jesus Cristo como protagonista. Os demais personagens são desenvolvidos em relação com ele. O mesmo se dá com o apóstolo Pedro. O texto se desenvolve a partir da teoria narrativa, de modo particular a caracterização de personagens. (...) Identifico, a partir de Erich Auerbach e Robert Alter, as características de personagens bíblicos, tecendo comparações com teorias do personagem no romance moderno. A análise de textos do evangelho de Mateus que retratam o personagem Pedro leva à conclusão que suas principais características são a complexidade e a inversão. Elas produzem uma visão geral da involução do personagem na narrativa do evangelho de Mateus. Palavras-chave: Pedro. Evangelho de Mateus. Teoria narrativa. Complexidade. Inversão.This article focuses on the apostle Peter as a character in the Gospel of Matthew. It aims at identifying the nuances and changes of the character Peter in the Gospel. For this purpose, I take as a starting point that the gospel belongs to the literary genre of ancient Greco-Roman Biography, which presents Jesus Christ as the protagonist. The other characters are developed in relationship with him. The same is true with the Apostle Peter. The article unfolds from narrative theory, in particular the categorization of characters. I categorize, based on Erich Auerbach and Robert Alter, the features of biblical characters, developing comparisons with theories of the character in the modern novel. The analysis of the main texts from the Gospel of Matthew that portray the character Peter leads to the conclusion that its main features are complexity and inversion. They produce an overview of the involution of the character in the narrative of the Gospel of Matthew. Key words: Peter. Gospel of Matthew. Narrative theory. Complexity. Inversion. (shrink)

Analisa-se o sentido histórico-social das expressões rûªH yhwh (“espírito de Yahweh”), rûªH-rä`â më´ët yhwh (“espírito mau desde junto de Yahweh”), rûªH-´élöhîm rä`â (“espírito mau de Deus”), rûªH-´élöhîm (“espírito de Deus”) e rûªH härä`â (“espírito mau”), de e em 1 Sm 16,14-23. Postula-se a identidade comum de todos esses personagens noológicos. Guiado por um exercício de crítica aplicada a versões da passagem, bem como pela consulta crítica por amostragem de comentários internacionais, aplica-se análise retórica e histórico-social à narrativa. Conclui-se (...) que, no horizonte de produção do texto, concebia-se essa figura celeste como o equivalente noológico de oficiais a serviço de reis, incumbidos de atividades que tanto podiam ser classificadas eticamente como boas quanto más, correspondendo tal concepção teológica ao estado da cultura judaico-israelita pré-persa. Não se trata de dois personagens: o “espírito de Yahweh” / o “espírito de Deus”, de um lado, e o “espírito mau (de Yahweh ou de Deus)” de outro, mas da descrição diferenciada da mesma figura em conformidade com a ação interpretada como realizada por ele no exercício de sua prestação de serviços ao deus-rei. Palavras-chave : 1 Sm 16,14-23. Espírito de Yahweh. Espírito de Deus. Espírito mau de Yahweh. Espírito mau de Deus. Espírito mau.The sociohistorical meaning of the expressions rûªH yhwh (“spirit of Yahweh”), rûªH-rä`â më´ët yhwh (“evil spirit from Yahweh”), rûªH-´élöhîm rä`â (“evil spirit of God”), rûªH-´élöhîm (“spirit of God”) and rûªH härä`â (“evil spirit”) of and in 1 Sm 16.14-23 is analyzed. The common identity of all these noological characters is postulated. Guided by an exercise of criticism applied to versions of the passage as well as the critical search of samples of international commentaries, rhetoric and the social-historical analysis is applied to the narrative. It is reasoned that, in the text’s production horizon, this celestial figure is conceived as the noological equivalent to officials at service of kings, responsible for activities that could be classified as both ethically good and bad, such theological conception correspond to the pre-Persian state of Jewish-Israeli culture. They are not two characters: the “spirit of Yahweh” / “spirit of God” on one side , and the “evil spirit (of Yahweh or God)” on the other, but different descriptions of the same figure in accordance to the action interpreted as carried out by him in the provision of services to the god-king . Keywords: 1 Sm 16,14-23. Spirit of Yahweh. Spirit of God. Evil spirit of Yahweh. Evil spirit of God. Evil spirit. (shrink)

Através de algumas considerações de caráter teológico, pretendemos mostrar que a festa da Virgem Maria de Guadalupe tem profundo enraizamento no coração do povo de Deus, por duas razões fundamentais: Primeiro: a devoção à "Guadalupana" nos remete à Palavra de Deus, que instrui nossa fé; e segundo, tal devoção se funda em uma verdadeira epifania profética. A reflexão teológica se sustenta em algumas idéias centrais: Guadalupe permite a reestruturação da consciência indígena. Analogicamente, Guadalupe permite nomear a Deus em três modos: (...) cristológico, trinitário e antropológico. Guadalupe, gravada na Tilma (manto) de Juan Diego, desvela um mundo como mundo de Maria que não é possível habitar. Na narrativa do Nican Mopohua discernimos uma Simbólica da Bondade originária , que manifesta o amor misericordioso do Pai no Filho, com a figura do Servo Sofredor como pano de fundo. Finalmente, Guadalupe remete ao texto bíblico, por ser interpretação do mesmo e sinal de sua recepção. A Virgem de Guadalupe assume dessa forma as características de um verdadeiro profeta. Palavras-chave: Festa; sagrado; sociedade; religião. Resumen Es nuestro propósito mostrar, a través de algunas consideraciones de caracter teológico, que la Fiesta en torno de la Virgen María de Guadalupe tiene un arraigo profundo en el corazón del pueblo de Dios por dos razones fundamentales: Primero, la devoción a la Guadalupana nos remite a la Palabra de Dios, que instruye nuestra Fe; y segundo, la devoción se funda en una verdadera epifanía profética. La reflexión teológica se basa en algunas ideas fuerza: Guadalupe permite la reestructuración de la conciencia indígena. Guadalupe analógicamente permite nombrar a Dios en tres modos, cristológico, trinitario y antropológico. Guadalupe, grabada en la Tilma de Juan Diego, despliega un mundo como mundo de María que nos es posible habitar. En la narrativa del Nican Mopohua discernimos una Simbólica de la Bondad originaria , que manifiesta el amor misericordioso del Padre en el Hijo, con la figura del Siervo Sufriente como telón de fondo. Guadalupe es, finalmente, referencia al texto bíblico, por ser interpretación del mismo y señal de su recepción. La Virgen de Guadalupe asume las características fundamentales de un verdadero profeta. Palabras clave: Fiesta; sagrado; sociedad; religión.Through some theological observations, we intend to show that the feast of the Virgin Mary of Guadalupe has deep rooting in the heart of the people of God, for two basic reasons: Firstly: the devotion to the "Guadalupana" sends us to the Word of God, that instructs our faith; secondly: such devotion is founded on an authentic prophetic Epiphany. The theological reflection is supported in some central ideas: Guadalupe allows the reorganization of the aboriginal conscience. Analogicalally, Guadalupe allows us to nominate God in three ways: christological, trinitarian and anthropological. Guadalupe, recorded in Juan Diego's Tilma (mantle), reveals a world as a world of Mary which is not possible to inhabit. In the narrative of Nican Mopohua we discern a Symbolic approach of the originary Goodness, that manifests the merciful love of the Father in the Son, with the figure of the Sufferer Servant as background.. Finally, Guadalupe sends us to the Biblical text, for being an interpretation of such text and a sign of its reception. The Virgin of Guadalupe finally assumes the characteristics of an authentic prophet. Keywords: feast; sacred; society; religion. (shrink)

As narrativas sobre mulheres, mesmo dentro dos estudos feministas, podem ser entendidas como normativas e colonizadoras, especialmente quando se dão a partir de um olhar ocidental sobre as mulheres do terceiro mundo. A partir da análise do pensamento da autora indiana Chandra Talpade Mohanty, este artigo busca relacionar seu discurso com exemplos de mulheres fotógrafas que buscaram desconstruir essa estrutura hierárquica do olhar, como Claudia Andujar, Graciela Iturbide, Nair Benedicto e Susan Meiselas, além das reflexões da artista interdisciplinar Grada (...) Kilomba, em diálogo com outros autores do campo da imagem. A fotografia pode ser considerada, assim, uma ferramenta de escrita de novas narrativas de resistência.Palavras-chave: Feminismo. Fotografia. Mulheres fotógrafas. AbstractNarratives about women, even within feminist studies, can be understood as normative and colonizing, especially when they are done from a western perspective on third world women. Based on the analysis of the thought of Indian author Chandra Talpade Mohanty, this article seeks to relate her discourse to examples of female photographers who sought to deconstruct this hierarchical structure of the gaze, such as Claudia Andujar, Graciela Iturbide, Nair Benedicto and Susan Meiselas, in addition to the reflections of the interdisciplinary artist Grada Kilomba, in dialogue with other authors in the field of image. Photography can thus be considered a tool for writing new narratives of resistance.Keywords: Feminism. Photography. Women photographers. (shrink)

The purpose of this article was to comprehensively explore the phenomenon of the narrative of the Decalogue in its fundamental principles in the context of the theological understanding of Jewish law. For this purpose abstract-logical methods, historical-legal, phenomenological, axiological, epistemological methods, method of critical and systematic analysis and method of comparative theology were used. The result is a theological understanding of the basic moral and legal principles and reducing to a single, systematic; a study of the correlation between (...) the normative and the moral side of such a narrative was conducted. Of particular importance is the establishment and isolation of the basic initial principle in the defined context that underlies both Sinai law and all the biblical law. Because with the change of historical realities, which coincided with the destruction of the Temple and the termination of sacrifices, the law has also changed. However, the biblical law was of particular ideological importance, it set the tone and revealed and formed the basic principles for the further development of all Jewish law. Therefore, in our study we have drawn attention to the main ideological features of the biblical laws, because in our opinion, the basic formative essence is hidden in them and only by understanding it − will we be able to understand Jewish law itself. However, the phenomenon of law and even more so of Jewish law, is one of the best regulators and exponents of the educational principle that is designed to raise a person in love. Of course, morality is called for it and it should take precedence over everything else, but the legal part should not be ignored. Law should serve as a socially just, integrative, fundamental, binding, most effective, most respected regulator. Therefore, the problem of combining legal principles and moral precepts for biblical law did not stand basically. The significant part of the adopted legal norms initially was characterized by moral prescriptions, confirmed and expressed by law. Such a transition, the shift from morality to law, and the close relationship between them are one inseparable whole. And apart from Halacha, which was responsible for the legal aspect, there were also the writings of the prophets whose task was to illuminate the transition from law to morality, because precisely morality is the essence of everything. Here is the true meaning of the existence of a legal expression of such an educational principle. Thus, the basic educational principle of the Decalogue, in particular, and of biblical law in general, was to educate a high-moral person who had restrictive precepts that would not allow him to fall into lawlessness, and the formative commandments that would allow a person to be educated in the search for God, and to stabilize himself in the godlike state commanded by God through Moses. That is the essence of the Decalogue and Jewish law. The educational principle, both basic and effective, though not so familiar to the modern understanding of the nature of law, is precisely the principle that laid down both the basis of the Decalogue and the foundation of all Jewish law at least in its biblical part. (shrink)

A tradição bíblica tem inspirado leituras e interpretações ecológicas por parte de teólogos de vertentes cristãs diversas, dentre os quais podemos destacar: Carriker, Reimer, Schaeffer e Stott. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar alguns textos das Escrituras Sagradas judaico-cristãs e o modo como estes têm sido interpretados por teólogos cristãos vinculados à vertente reformada à luz de uma leitura ecológica. Um corte epistemológico foi feito reconhecendo nestes teólogos posições ideológicas heterogêneas a fim de preservar a re(leitura) dos textos bíblicos escolhidos (...) sob a perspectiva ecológica. White Júnior (1967), historiador americano, escreveu um artigo em que responsabilizava o Cristianismo pela crise ambiental. Este discurso tem sido confrontado ao longo das últimas décadas por várias vertentes cristãs e os teólogos escolhidos para o diálogo neste artigo defendem posições contrárias ao que foi declarado por White Júnior, à época. O caminho para o diálogo entre estes teólogos foi buscado a partir da concepção de que o discurso é uma construção social (Foucault, 2009). A partir da análise dos diálogos estabelecidos entre os teólogos escolhidos e suas re(leituras) dos textos bíblicos é possível concluir que esta nova teologia tem o papel de conscientização, como resposta à crise ambiental, no âmbito das igrejas evangélicas. Palavras-Chave : Discurso. Ecologia. Bíblia. Teologia.: The biblical tradition has inspired environmental readings and interpretations by Christian theologians of various aspects, among which we highlight: Carriker, Reimer, Schaeffer and Stott. The aim of this paper is to present a brief overview of the Judeo-Christian Scriptures and how they have been interpreted by Christian theologians linked to strand reformed in the light of an ecological reading. An epistemological cut was made recognizing these theologians and their heterogeneous ideological positions in order to preserve the re(read) of the biblical texts chosen under the ecological perspective. White Jr. (1967), American historian, wrote an article that blamed Christianity for the environmental crisis. This speech has been confronted over the past several decades by the Christian spectrum and the theologians chosen for dialogue in this article advocate contrary positions to what was stated by White Jr., at the time. The path to the dialogue between these theologians was sought from the idea that speech is a social construction (Foucault, 2009). From the analysis of the dialogue established between the theologians and their chosen re(readings) biblical texts is possible to conclude that this new theology has the role of awareness in response to environmental crisis within the evangelical churches. Key-words: Speech. Ecology. Bible. Theology. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Beyond Revisionism:The Bicentennial of Independence, the Early Republican Experience, and Intellectual History in Latin AmericaElías José PaltiLatin America's Revolution of Independence was an event of world-historical importance. Citizens of different regions simultaneously created new nation states and established republican systems of government. This occurred at a time when the very meaning of the notions of "nation" and "republic" remained ill-defined. In such a context, a number of debates naturally (...) emerged regarding the tenets of modern politics, and the kind of dilemmas and problems contained therein.Yet the assessment of the historical relevance of these disputes has been precluded by the teleological assumptions which have informed traditional approaches in the history of ideas. These assumptions have led historians to interpret these disputes as mere expressions of local prejudices that prevented the correct understanding of the true meaning of the modern liberal concept of representative democracy. According to this traditional view, the concerns of Latin American commentators were seen as "deviations" from the rational path of conceptual development and understanding. It was necessary to undermine this traditional teleological prejudice before the debates around these notions produced in Latin America in the nineteenth century could reveal their historical significance and become matters for systematic analysis. The rise of a "new intellectual history," insofar as it has [End Page 593] questioned the assumed rationality and logical consistency of the putative models and disclosed the contingent nature of their foundations, has opened the door to an entirely new universe of problems and issues for scholarly research in the field of Latin American politico-intellectual history.The great wave of new studies on the crisis of the Spanish and Portuguese empires and the emergence of new national states, triggered by the approach of the Bicentennial of Independence, has been greatly influenced by this new set of questions.1 Historians from different countries in Latin America have revisited that fundamental event, and have sought to revise established perspectives in the field. This has made room for the development of a self-defined "revisionist" position. However, what is to be revised has not always been clear.The revisionists seek to dislocate an epic narrative of independence as the epiphany of long-lasting struggles of oppressed nations to recover their rights to self-determination.2 They argue that the teleological, nationalistic biases of traditional approaches led their authors to see as already present at the point of departure an entity (the nation) which actually could be perceived only at the point of arrival. If understood in this way, however, the revisionists' contributions are hardly innovative. In the decade of the 1960s, a series of studies, propelled by the spread in Latin America of Marxist thought and social history, as well as by the increasing presence of American and European historians in the field, had already destabilized Manichean emplotments of the Revolution of Independence as a struggle between liberty and oppression.3 These studies introduced a number of nuances that questioned the objective basis of the states that emerged from the rupture of colonial ties. Instead, they demonstrated that the new states were the result of the contingent process of formation rather than its premise. [End Page 594] Yet it is not here that the profound transformation of the discipline has occurred. Revisionists do concentrate their criticism on the contents of nationalistic narratives, but leave untouched the theoretical premises on which these narratives rest. They fail to penetrate and undermine the sets of antinomies on which those teleological perspectives are grounded: enlightenment / romanticism; rationalism / nationalism; "liberty of the Modern" / "liberty of Ancient;" modernity / tradition; individualism / organicism, etc. In the following pages I will trace the origins of revisionism in Latin American, its contributions to the field of politico-intellectual history, and the kind of problems that it raises in turn.The Tradition of History of "Ideas" in Latin AmericaMany scholars consider Charles Hale to be the key figure in the emergence of the revisionist critique. As Fernando Escalante Gonzalbo remarks, for the case of Mexico (which has served as the exemplary case for the entire region): "Up to the moment Charles Hale came to intervene, we could recount to ourselves a delicious... (shrink)

Resumo O cenário religioso mutável e plural do nosso tempo implica na teologia cristã, particularmente aquela produzida nas universidades, espaços catalisadores de questões mundiais, sendo a religiosa uma das mais relevantes. O objetivo deste artigo é verificar como a teologia acadêmica, especialmente aquela produzida na universidade, expressa essa característica da atualidade: a pluralidade. O método é a análise qualitativa de estudos que valorizam o plural na fé e na teologia cristã. A hipótese é que as perspectivas ecumênicas e inter-religiosas (...) são fundamentais para uma teologia plural hoje. E isso requer uma revisão tanto no aspecto formal e epistemológico da teologia, quanto em seu conteúdo. A conclusão é que a teologia precisa ser construída como conhecimento plural, não só porque dialoga com culturas, ciências e diferentes formas de crer, mas também porque ela mesma é plural. Resumen El escenario religioso, cambiante y plural, del nuestro tiempo implica en la teología cristiana, particularmente la que se produce en las universidades, espacios catalizadores de las cuestiones mundiales, siendo la religiosa una de las más relevantes. El objetivo de este artículo es verificar como la teología académica, en especial la producida en la universidad, expresa esta característica de la actualidad: la pluralidad. El método es el análisis cualitativo de estudios que valorizan el plural en la fe y en la teología cristiana. La hipótesis es que las perspectivas ecuménica e interreligiosa son fundamentales para una teología plural hoy. Y esto exige una revisión tanto en el aspecto formal y epistemológico de la teología, cuanto en su contenido. La conclusión es que la teología necesita construirse como conocimiento plural, no solo porque dialoga con culturas, ciencias y diferentes formas de creer, sino porque ella misma es plural.The changing and plural religious scenario of our time implies in Christian theology, particularly that produced in universities, spaces that are catalysts for world issues, with religion being one of the most relevant. The objective of this article is to verify how the academic theology, especially that produced in the university, expresses this current characteristic: plurality. The method is the qualitative analysis of studies that value plurality in faith and in Christian theology. The hypothesis is that ecumenical and interreligious perspectives are fundamental for a plural theology today. And this requires a review both in the formal and epistemologia aspect of theology, as well as in its content. The conclusion is that theology needs to be constructed as plural knowledge, not only because it dialogues with cultures, sciences and different ways of believing, but also because it is itself plural. (shrink)

RESUMO Este artigo é oriundo da pesquisa resultante na tese de doutorado Antônio José da Silva: uma dramaturgia de convenções1. No presente texto, discute-se o princípio de carnavalização no teatro ibérico a partir de diferentes perspectivas teóricas, dentre as quais a de Mikhail Bakhtin. Nesse sentido, a partir da descrição da personagem-tipo do gracioso, o criado carnavalizado originalmente inserido no teatro pelos autores do Século de Ouro espanhol, pretende-se problematizar embates de classe e artifícios discursivos da narrativa tragicômica. Tal (...) análise é embasada pela teoria de análise de textos barrocos ibéricos desenvolvidas em Espanha, nos estertores do século XX e no início do XXI, especialmente em Hermenegildo. Desse modo, analisa-se como a personagem-tipo, seja em sua formulação tradicional masculina ou na feminina, como criada, participa das intrigas, de modo a tornar mais contundentes as questões centrais do enredo disparador. Como exemplificação da teoria trabalhada, trazemos a obra do autor português setecentista Antônio José da Silva, Precipício de Faetonte. Nela, é possível perceber a participação dessas personagens baixas entremeando a intriga principal: o que pode ser lido, em nossa perspectiva, como uma forma de carnavalização do teatro ibérico de tal período, dentro da perspectiva bakhtiniana. ABSTRACT This article derives from the research which resulted in the doctoral thesis Antonio Jose da Silva: a dramaturgy made of conventions.1 It discusses the principle of carnivalization in Iberian theatre from different theoretical perspectives, including that of Mikhail Bakhtin. Through an analysis of the stock character of the gracioso, the carnivalized servant figure originally introduced by the dramatists of the Spanish Golden Age, the intention is to problematize the class tensions and discursive artifices of the tragicomic narrative. This analysis is based on the theory for studying Iberian baroque texts developed in Spain at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st, and which is particularly present in Hermenegildo. This article therefore examines the ways in which this stock character, either in its traditional male version or as its female counterpart - the maid -, participates in the development of dramatic intrigue, amplifying the impact of the central issues of a given play’s main plot. To demonstrate the aforementioned theory, this article will examine the play Precipício de Faetonte by 18th-century Portuguese playwright Antonio José da Silva. In this work the actions of these low-status characters can be seen to be interwoven with the development of the central intrigue, a fact which, from a Bakhtinian perspective, can be interpreted as a form of carnivalization explored by the Iberian theatre of the period. (shrink)

Quel statut sémio-linguistique conférer à une réalité admise comme un allant de sol? Plusieurs disciplines sont concernées par cette recherche. Au premier chef, les sciences du langage, à partir de leurs différentes théorisations : l'herméneutique et la sémantique des textes, la linguistique textuelle, l'analyse du discours, les pragmatiques, la sémiotique narrative, la socio-sémiotique, ainsi que l'ensemble des disciplines qui rencontrent la problématique discursive du sens commun, comme un niveau d'analyse le plus souvent sous-estimé : l'histoire, la sociologie - fonctionnelle (...) ou compréhensive -, la praxéologie, la psychologie sociale, les sciences de l'éducation, ainsi que les sciences cognitives, etc. La compréhension et la modélisation des formations du sens commun intéressent encore l'ensemble des référentiels thérapeutiques - depuis la psychanalyse qui est leur source commune - puisqu'il y est toujours question de la manière dont le sujet se rapporte au monde commun, à partir de la problématisation de ses propres évidences. Un ouvrage au coeur de l'histoire de la philosophie. (shrink)

Introduction: Not many writers have made suggestions about Saul’s mental state as reported in the Judaic-Christian bible. He became king under the tutelage of Samuel, a highly-respected prophet of the Israelite God, Yahweh. At some points during his reign, the biblical narrative depicted him as, at least, mentally unstable, if not decidedly insane. Modern-day writers, in some cases have provided lists of conditions, which purport to represent Saul’s psychological malady. None, however proves adequate or appropriate to encompass (...) the complexity of his behavior. The Safety-Oriented Personality Style (SOPS) or Phobicentric Psychopathology (PCP) appears to offer the best explanation of Saul’s psychological condition. Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to offer a modern-day analysis/explanation of Saul’s apparently disturbed behavior. Evidence for the facts about Saul’s fascinating presentation is adduced both from the biblical passages and from present-day psychological theory. The previous explanations of the psychological disorder that plagued Saul, the first king of Israel, have focused on depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, hysteria, and bipolar disorder. The associated symptoms, however, have been vague and, in some cases, apparently unrepresentative of psychological nosology or, in general, they fail to conform to the prevailing nomenclature. Method: The present study introduces the Safety-Oriented Personality Style (SOPS) or Phobicentric Psychopathology (PCP), a relatively newly-unveiled chronic, anxiety-based disorder, to provide the “best” explanation of the ancient king’s perplexing conduct. Biblical passages pertaining to the topic provide the historical context of the events, which depict Saul’s provable psychopathology. Result: The evidence seems to clearly indicate that the explanation that Saul’s actions were mainly controlled by SOPS/PCP, a chronic anxiety disorder, is valid, applying most aptly to his reaction to David’s military and religious successes, and even to the recorded circumstances of his death. Conclusion: The historical account of Saul’s life and death, recorded primarily in the Christian bible, has remained intriguing, though somewhat esoteric. Probably as a result, its portrayal in the psychological literature has been scant. While the SOPS/PCP construct has apparently helped to provide grounds for diagnostic consensus that Saul’s problem was chronic anxiety, the newness of SOPS/PCP would tend to limit its purview. On a different but relevant level, the study also demonstrates the feasibility of common endeavors between the scientific and theological communities. (shrink)

Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 O presente Artigo tem como centro de sua reflexão a espiritualidade centrada no dinheiro. O referido objeto é “ferramenta de Deus” presente nos cultos diários das igrejas neopentecostais. E como tal compõe o arsenal das coisas ofertadas em altar. É símbolo religioso a costurar a relação vertical Deus-igreja-fiel. Mas, não está selecionado como objeto qualquer a tomar parte, como mediação, dessa relação. O dinheiro não é danação ou algo considerado como tal, mas é (...) santificado, quando imolado para se tornar oferta e, assim, contribuir para multiplicar as obras de Deus. Alguns textos – e contextos – tenderiam a afirmar que a penetração do dinheiro, no campo do sagrado, seria para profaná-lo, destruí-lo. Seria verdadeiro ? O dízimo é dinheiro, é algo que pertence a Deus. Percebe-se uma mística que se desenvolve a partir de um processo constante de ressignificação. A perspectiva simbólica compõe a análise compreensiva desse objeto chamado dinheiro que, no espaço de culto neopentecostal, ganha importância e expressividade na fé dos que buscam vitória, conquista, prosperidade. PALAVRAS-CHAVES : Espiritualidade; Dinheiro; Neopentecostalismo; Vinculo social; Dádiva.This Article is centered, in its reflection, SPIRITUALITY CENTRALIZED IN MONEY. The above-mentioned object money is an instrument in god’s hands, present in Neo-pentecostal churches daily cult. And in such a perspective, it – money – coumponds things arsenal, offered at altar. It is a religious symbol fitting to sew GOD – CHURCH – FAITHFUL vertical rapport . But it is not selected as any object at all in order to take part, as a kind of mediation, in this rapport. Money is not a curse, but, sanctified, when immolated to be offered and to multiply the work of God. Some would tend to say that, the entry into the money into the space of the sacred would be to profane God, to destroy him. Can this be so? The tithe is money. It is something that belongs to God. One perceives a certain Mystic, developed fron a resignification constant process. Symbolical perspective compounds this object, called, nominated money, comprehensive analysis, money that, in neo-pentecostal cult space, increases in inportance and expressiveness in faith regarding to those ones who look for victony, conquest, prosperity. KEYWORDS: Spirituality; Money; Social Bond; Gift; Neopentecostalism. (shrink)

The constructions of genders and sexualities in different global spaces continue to be influenced by Christian and imperial ideologies. In Africa, genders and sexualities were (mis)construed by colonial and missionary enterprises, and they continue to be defined according to Eurocentric terms and perceptions. This has produced ‘modern sexual repression’. The use of Biblical discourses to construct African genders and sexualities is one way that this repression is mirrored in South Africa. Because of this, African genders and sexualities are marginalised, (...) treated as taboo and depicted as backward and uncivilised, thus, promoting hegemonic heteronormative and monogamous marriages. This article examined how Biblical discourses contributed to this narrative. It further advanced a call for transforming this dominant narrative by engaging theology, gender and sexuality studies and socio-political sciences from the premise of a multidisciplinary epoch. The decolonial motif, with a focus on delinking African genders and sexualities from the Western agenda of sexual repression, serves as the theoretical framework for this research. On the other hand, race, gender and sexuality serve as lenses used to better understand the phenomenon and to explore the use of biblical discourses in this context. Thus, the article makes use of a secondary research approach to carry out this task.Contribution: This article seeks to add to the body of knowledge that endeavours to change the way that biblical discourses are used in South Africa today to construct a narrative that represses non-normative genders and sexualities. (shrink)

Para este análisis, examinaremos las obras Antivisita: formas de entrar y de salir de la ESMA y Cuarto intermedio: guía práctica para asistir a audiencias de juicios de lesa humanidad. Ambas fueron creadas y representadas por tres hijxs: dos de ellos tienen a sus padres desaparecidos, y una es hija nacida durante el exilio de sus padres. Nos enfocaremos en las narrativas que estas obras transmiten, dejando de lado un análisis puramente teatral. Buscamos comprender y comparar las obras considerando su (...) contexto de producción, identificando elementos comunes que las relacionen con un amplio conjunto de obras creadas por hijos. Partimos de la hipótesis de la existencia de un tipo de narrativa autoficcional que lxs hijxs tienden a reproducir en los diferentes espacios que ocupan. Para lograrlo, primero analizaremos las obras para identificar sus puntos clave. Luego, examinaremos las características de la narrativa autoficcional empleada por lxs hijxs en sus obras artísticas, teniendo en cuenta los análisis previos realizados sobre el sujeto social en cuestión. Finalmente, proponemos repensar las representaciones que lxs hijxs realizan en el espacio público. Con este estudio, esperamos generar análisis sobre las narrativas de lxs hijxs que, a partir de casos específicos, profundicen en las estrategias de escritura y expresión utilizadas por ellxs en entornos públicos y artísticos. Consideraremos no solo su capacidad de decir, sino también la recepción social de sus voces. (shrink)

O filósofo Mircea Eliade, dentre seus ofícios, foi um escritor. Para ele, a literatura busca investigar e compreender os significados universais da criação e dos fenômenos – em especial, em seus romances, os fenômenos religiosos. Herdeiro da tradição literária existencialista que marcou, sobretudo, os grandes filósofos e romancistas franceses (como Jean-Paul Sartre e Albert Camus), sua obra literária possui uma unidade fundamental: a inquietação com o tempo e o sagrado. O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar a relação de Mircea Eliade (...) com a literatura, principalmente as ideias e vivências acerca da aproximação entre literatura e religião no pensamento do autor. O método utilizado para esta pesquisa foi, preferencialmente, o analítico, com incidência hermenêutica. Ao analisar os textos e artigos do autor e sobre o autor, conclui-se que a literatura existencial possui um papel fundamental na vida de Eliade e que ela é uma ferramenta entre outras para explorar e apresentar sentidos e significados acerca do ser humano no mundo. Palavras-chave : Mircea Eliade. Literatura. Narrativa. Mundo. Constituição.The philosopher Mircea Eliade was a particularly great writer. According to Eliade, the literature seeks to investigate and understand the universal meanings of creation and phenomena – especially, among his novels, the religious phenomena. Heir to the existential literary tradition that marked, above all, the great French novelists and philosophers (such as Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus), Eliade’s literary work has a fundamental unit: the concern with time and the sacred. The aim of this research is to present the relationship of Mircea Eliade with the literature, especially the ideas and experiences on the approach between literature and religion in Eliade’s thought. The method used for this research was the analytic method with hermeneutic incidence. After the analysis on Eliade’s texts and articles and texts and articles about the author, we conclude that the existential literature has a fundamental function in Eliade’s life and it is an efficient tool to investigate and present to the world the meanings about the human being within the world. Key words: Mircea Eliade. Literature. Narrative. World. Constitution. (shrink)

The article discusses the narrative turn as a key for the analysis of sociological/social theories. To that end, we present some preliminary results of an inquiry around the theories of modernization put forward by the Italian-Argentine sociologist Gino Germani. We look into the narrative of transition, its paradoxes and a counter narrative found in some of his works. From this point we draw some conclusions about the limits of the "narrative turn" as a perspective for (...) social theory analysis and display, as an alternative, Foucault's perspective of re-problematization. We primarily look into the danger of homogenization that the "narrative turn" entails, in spite of the heterogeneity of elements which, as we shall argue, form the modernization theory found in Germani. In this sense, towards the end, the article seeks to contribute to a reflection on the work with theoretical texts and proposes an approach able to observe the historical and material singularities involved in his production. El artículo discute la perspectiva del giro narrativo como clave de análisis de teorías sociológicas/sociales. Para ello, presenta como "caso" algunos resultados preliminares de una indagación sobre las teorías de la modernización presentes en los textos del sociólogo ítalo-argentino Gino Germani. Se analiza el funcionamiento, en los textos germanianos, de una narrativa de la transición, sus paradojas, así como de una contranarrativa crítica de la modernidad. A partir de ello, se exponen algunos límites del abordaje propuesto por el giro narrativo al que se contrapondrá, como alternativa, la perspectiva foucaultiana de re-problematización. Fundamentalmente, se analizan los peligros de homogenización que comporta el tipo de análisis propuesto por el giro narrativo en desmedro de la heterogeneidad de elementos que, según argumentaremos, componen la teoría de la modernización presente en Germani. En este sentido, hacia el final, el artículo busca aportar a una reflexión respecto del trabajo con textos teóricos y propone un abordaje atento a las singularidades histórico-materiales asociadas a su producción. (shrink)

RESUMONeste ensaio defende-se o argumento de que a configuração cronotópica potencializa a obra literária como forma metafórica para experimentar a vida cotidiana. Esse argumento apoia-se nas declarações em que Bakhtin destacou que a organização de processos psicológicos de personagens no enredo está relacionada com a experiência da unidade tempo-espaço, conceitualmente denominada de cronotopo. Para exemplificar essas questões desenvolveu-se aqui uma análise da configuração cronotópica do autor-personagem no Livro do desassossego de Fernando Pessoa. A dificuldade do autor-personagem para negociar as (...) posições de figura e fundo no seu pensamento refletiu uma experiência de fronteira específica, revelada na frequente associação de termos antagônicos e uso frequente de neologismos. Percebendo o funcionamento cronotópico da narrativa, discute-se o potencial da literatura na provisão de metáforas para vida real. Nessas considerações chamou-se a atenção para a participação do leitor na constituição do cronotopo e da obra.ABSTRACTIn this essay we defend the argument that chronotopic configuration enhances literary works providing metaphors for everyday life. This argument is embedded in statements in which Bakhtin emphasized that the organization of the characters' psychological processes in plots is related to the experience of temporal-spatial unity, conceptually called the chronotope. In order to address these issues, we developed an analysis of chronotopic configuration of author-character, in "The Book of Disquiet" by Fernando Pessoa. The difficulty met by the author-character in negotiating positions of figure and background in plots reflects a specific border experience, revealed in the common association of antagonistic terms and frequent use of neologisms. Considering properties of narrativity in the chronotopic analysis we can discuss the potential literature has of providing real life metaphors. Moreover, through these remarks, greater emphasis has been placed on the reader's participation in the constitution of the chronotope and on literary work. (shrink)

Este artigo objetiva a inserção crítica na prática poética da artista contemporânea francesa Sophie Calle, proeminente em uma trajetória que perpassa diversos gêneros artísticos como artes visuais e literatura compreendidos em uma variedade de suportes como fotografia, publicação em livro, instalação, performance. Analisa procedimentos de criação em que estão articuladas imagem fotográfica e verbal em relação a narrativas pessoais. Aporta questões provenientes da inter-relação entre os campos do real e do ficcional, entre visibilidade e vazio, entre deslocamento e perseguição, entre (...) memória e fio. Esse trabalho se estabelece na análise ensaística de suas obras e escritos em articulação com bibliografia pertinente do campo artístico, crítico, filosófico e antropológico, como também, investiga suas estratégias de criação através de novos desdobramentos conceituais e teóricos.Palavras-chave: Imagem. Fotografia. Escrita. Deslocamento. Fio. AbstractThis article aims the critical insertion in the poetic practice of the French contemporary artist Sophie Calle, prominent in a trajectory that crosses several artistic genres such as Visual Arts and Literature comprised in a variety of supports such as photography, book publishing, installation and performance. It analyzes her creation procedures in which photographic and verbal images are articulated in relation to personal narratives. It raises questions from the interrelationship between the fields of the real and the fictional, between visibility and void, between displacement and shadowing, between memory and thread. This work is established in the essay analysis of her works and writings in conjunction with pertinent bibliography from the artistic, critical, philosophical and anthropological fields, as well as it aims to investigating her creative strategies through new conceptual and theoretical developments.Keywords: Image. Photography. Writing. Displacement. Thread. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The article aims to examine the behavior of contemporary speech genre theory in the analysis of Pauline epistles. The genre of letters is conceived within its original communicative purpose, limited to sender and receivers, whereas the epistle refers to the letter read outside of its original context, considered as literature. The research corpus is composed of the Corinthian epistles of the New Testament, which are accepted as authored by the Apostle Paul. They are selected due to their shared (...) audience, enabling a comparison of production context aspects in the apostle’s writings over time. Research findings include: letters that acquire new meanings, when transformed into epistles with a broader readership; the epistle genre, despite undergoing significant modifications, remains recognizable to present-day readers due to its macrostructure; the social role and communicative intent of the sender that result in alternating usage of formal and informal language, as well as variations in discourse person. (shrink)

Este artigo trata das formas de construção e reelaboração identitárias que ocorrem a partir dos processos de adesões religiosas em curso nos contextos urbanos atuais. Através das narrativas midiáticas e dos depoimentos orais de fiéis que aderiram ao neopentecostalismo, busca-se perceber como ocorrem os trânsitos por entre modalidades religiosas. Neste texto discuto os modos de recepção de uma modalidade de narrativa recorrente nos programas televisivos da Igreja Universal - os testemunhos – destacando a força incorporadora desta modalidade narrativa (...) nas mediações culturais de que se utiliza e os processos de reordenamento simbólico e identitário que esta modalidade narrativa provoca. Noções como identidade-diferença, apropriação e recepção propostas por autores do grupo dos Estudos Culturais são utilizadas para compreender, como, mediante a nova adesão religiosa, fiéis reordenam suas identidades, configurando novos modos de compreensão de si mesmos, dos outros, da divindade e do mundo. A metodologia utilizada decorre das análises propostas pela História Oral sobre narrativas televisivas e os depoimentos orais de fiéis e ex-fiéis neopentecostais. Palavras-chave : Neopentecostalismo; Mídia Evangélica; Narrativas Orais; Identidades.This article deals with the ways of construction and reworking of the identity that occurs from the ongoing religious accession processes on the current urban contexts. Through the media narratives and the oral testimonials of the people who joined the neopentecostalism, the way transits between religious modalities occur has been studied. In this text, I discuss the ways of reception of a recurrent narrative modality on television programs of The Universal Church – the testimonials – highlighting the developing power of this narrative modality on the cultural mediations it makes use of, and the processes of symbolic and identity reordering this modality provokes. Notions as identity-difference, appropriation and reception, proposed by authors of the Cultural Studies group are used to comprehend how, by the new religious accession, people reorder their identities, configuring new ways of comprehension of themselves, of the others, of the divinity and of the world. The methodology that was used comes from analysis proposed by the Oral History about the television narratives and the oral testimonials of people who follow, or do not follow anymore, the neopentecostalism. Keywords : Neo-Pentecostalism; Evangelical Media; Oral Narratives; Identities. (shrink)

O artigo tenta diferenciar, caracterizar e ordenar diversas figuras da identidade na fenomenologia pós-husserliana. Em primeiro lugar, assinalam-se questões formuladas pela análise da ipseidade em Heidegger. Em segundo lugar, chama-se a atenção para duas tendências divergentes. Por um lado, Lévinas sustenta que uma fissão da identidade é o resultado da responsabilidade pelos outros, e Waldenfels desenvolve uma lógica da responsividade que questiona o autodesenvolvimento e a autopreservação. Por outro lado, Ricoeur sustenta que o ordenamento da vida num relato equivale (...) a uma identidade narrativa, e M. Henry oferece uma elaborada análise da vida interior como um processo de auto-afecção. Por último, tendo como base as distinções delineadas por X. Zubiri, afirma-se que existem fenômenos que oferecem um sustento a um sentido experiencial da identidade, e que isso pode se vincular à noção husserliana do eu como pólo, isto é, ao ponto de partida dos desenvolvimentos fenomenológicos.El artículo intenta diferenciar, caracterizar y ordenar diversas figuras de la identidad en la fenomenología post-husserliana. En primer lugar, se señalan cuestiones planteadas por el análisis de la ipseidad en Heidegger. En segundo lugar, se presta atención a dos tendencias divergentes. Por un lado, Levinas sostiene que una fisión de la identidad es el resultado de la responsabilidad por lo otros, y Waldenfels desarrolla una lógica de la responsividad que cuestiona el autodesarrollo y la autopreservación. Por otro lado, Ricoeur sostiene que el ordenamiento de la vida en un relato equivale a una identidad narrativa, y M. Henry ofrece un elaborado análisis de la vida interior como un proceso de autoafección. Por último, sobre la base de distinciones delineadas por X. Zubiri, se sostiene que hay fenómenos que ofrecen un sustento a un sentido experiencial de la identidad, y que esto puede vinculares a la noción husserliana de yo como polo, esto es, al punto de partida de los desarrollos fenomenológicos.This article attempts to differentiate, characterize and order various figures of identity in post-Husserlian phenomenology. First, issues raised by Heidegger's analysis of selfhood are pointed out. Secondly, attention is given to two divergent trends. On the one hand, Levinas contends that a fission of identity is the outcome of responsibility for others, and Waldenfels advances a logic of responsiveness that questions self-development and self-preservation. On the other hand, Ricoeur argues that the ordering of life in a story amounts to a narrative identity, and M. Henry affords an elaborate analysis of inward life as a process of self-affection. Finally, on the basis of distinctions outlined by X. Zubiri, it is contended that there are phenomena that uphold an experiential sense of identity. This can be linked to the Husserlian notion of an ego as a pole of acts, i.e., the starting point of phenomenological developments. (shrink)

RESUMO O presente estudo analisa a narrativa de Milton Hatoum utilizando como corpus as crônicas “Um sonhador” e “Margens secas da cidade”. Objetiva problematizar as características discursivas e estéticas da criação literária de Hatoum, a partir da perspectiva dialógica proposta por Mikhail Bakhtin, explorando, no discurso artístico-literário do escritor amazonense, as posições axiológicas refratadas em sua narrativa. Relaciona ainda a perspectiva epistemológica de Boaventura Santos acerca do desperdício da experiência social na modernidade/pós-modernidade, discutindo a crítica ao paradigma da (...) racionalidade atual denominado pelo autor de razão indolente. As análises iniciais alicerçadas nestas abordagens teórico-metodológicas evidenciam indícios, na narrativa cronística de Hatoum, que a aproxima de uma perspectiva contra-hegemônica e responsiva de representação literária. Pretende, assim, com esta inter-relação entre literatura, dialogismo e teoria do conhecimento, evidenciar as imbricações existentes entre o discurso sócio-histórico-econômico produzido pela crítica à modernidade/pós-modernidade e o discurso literário de Milton Hatoum. ABSTRACT This study analyzes Milton Hatoum’s narrative using the crônicas Um sonhador [A Dreamer] and Margens secas da cidade [Dry Riverbanks of the City] as corpus. It aims to ascertain the discursive and aesthetic characteristics of Hatoum’s literary creation from the dialogical perspective proposed by Mikhail Bakhtin, exploring the artistic-literary discourse of the Amazonian writer, the axiological positions refracted in his narrative. It also relates Boaventura Santos’ epistemological perspective about the waste of social experience in modernity/post-modernity, discussing the criticism of the paradigm of current rationality called by the author as indolent reason. Initial analysis based on these theoretical-methodological approaches show evidence in Hatoum’s cronistic narrative that brings it closer to a counter-hegemonic and responsive perspective of literary representation. Thus, with this inter-relationship among literature, dialogism and theory of knowledge, we intend to highlight the existing overlaps between the socio-historical and economic discourse produced by the critique of modernity / postmodernity and literary discourse of Milton Hatoum. (shrink)

RESUMO Este artigo aborda o gênero romance histórico e suas particularidades a partir dos estudos de Bakhtin. O trajeto se faz em torno do conceito de cronotopo, figurando a indissociabilidade de tempo e espaço. A materialidade de análise é a obra Verde vale, de 1979, da catarinense Urda Alice Klueger. A análise realizada destaca o cronotopo da transmigração como figura que alicerça a narrativa histórica; ele se desdobra em dois temas subordinados: o cronotopo da soleira e o (...) da terra, simbolizando os movimentos observados na construção narrativa do romance. Vinculado a essas representações cronotópicas, o tema da terra, que implica enraizamento e remete também a origem, permite a ampliação da análise aproximando os fenômenos de toponímia e antroponímia, trabalhados como eventos de memória e identidade. ABSTRACT This article, based on Bakhtin’s studies, focuses on the historical novel genre and its particularities. The route is based on the concept of chronotope, representing the inseparability of time and space. The materiality of analysis is the novel Verde Vale, by Urda Alice Klueger. The analysis carried out highlights the chronotope of transmigration as a figure that underlies the historical narrative; it unfolds into two subordinate themes: the threshold and soil chronotopes, symbolizing the movements observed in the narrative construction of the novel. Linked to these chronotopic representations, the theme of the soil, which implies rooting and also refers to the origin, allows the expansion of the analysis bringing the phenomena of toponymy and anthroponymy closer together, worked as memory and identity events. (shrink)

Resumo: Este texto origina-se de uma pesquisa realizada em quatro universidades federais brasileiras, cujo objetivo foi analisar as narrativas de diversos profissionais sobre os processos de aprendizagem dos estudantes com deficiência intelectual na Educação Superior. Foram realizadas 29 entrevistas com 32 servidores públicos, sendo profissionais dos Núcleos de Acessibilidade, profissionais de apoio pedagógico, professores e coordenadores de cursos. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas através da técnica de Análise Textual Discursiva e fundamentadas pelos estudos de Lev Semionovitch Vigotski. (...) Os resultados indicam que a aprendizagem dos estudantes com deficiência intelectual na Educação Superior está relacionada aos seguintes fatores: estratégias utilizadas pelos estudantes para a compensação da deficiência; a coletividade que também atua para compensação da deficiência, favorecendo o desenvolvimento das funções psíquicas superiores; a mediação dos professores através da adoção de diferentes estratégias pedagógicas. Conclui-se que há possibilidades para a aprendizagem dos estudantes com deficiência intelectual na Educação Superior desde que haja estratégias institucionais e pedagógicas e que o grau do comprometimento intelectual do estudante não impossibilite a compensação e a aprendizagem, mediada pela colaboração, na zona de desenvolvimento proximal/imediato/iminente. Palavras-chave: Deficiência Intelectual; Educação Superior; Vigotski. Possibilities for learning students with Intellectual Disabilities in Higher Education: an analysis from Vigotski's studies This text originates from a research conducted in four Brazilian federal universities, whose objective was to analyze the narratives of several professionals about the learning processes of students with intellectual disabilities in Higher Education. Twenty-nine interviews were conducted with 32 public servants, being professionals from accessibility centers, pedagogical support professionals, teachers and course coordinators. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using the Discursive Textual Analysis technique and based on the studies of Lev Semionovitch Vigotski. The results indicate that the learning of students with intellectual disabilities in Higher Education is related to the following factors: strategies used by students to compensate for disability; the collectivity that also acts to compensate for disability, favoring the development of higher psychic functions; mediation of teachers through the adoption of different pedagogical strategies. It is concluded that there are possibilities for learning students with intellectual disabilities in Higher Education provided that there are institutional and pedagogical strategies and that the degree of intellectual commitment of the student does not make compensation and learning impossible, mediated by collaboration, in the zone of proximal/immediate/imminent development. Key-words: Intellectual Disability; Higher Education; Vigotski. Posibilidades para la aprendendizaje de estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual en la Educación Superior: un análisis de los estudios de Vigotski Resumen: Este texto tiene su origen en una investigación realizada en cuatro universidades federales brasileñas, cuyo objetivo era analizar las narrativas de varios profesionales sobre los procesos de aprendizaje de estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual en educación superior. Se realizaron 29 entrevistas con 32 servidores públicos, siendo profesionales de centros de accesibilidad, profesionales de apoyo pedagógico, profesores y coordinadores de cursos. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas, transcritas y analizadas utilizando la técnica de análisis textual discursivo y basadas en los estudios de Lev Semionovitch Vigotski. Los resultados indican que el aprendizaje de los estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual en la Educación Superior está relacionado con los siguientes factores: estrategias utilizadas por los estudiantes para compensar la discapacidad; la colectividad que también actúa para compensar la discapacidad, favoreciendo el desarrollo de funciones psíquicas superiores; mediación del profesorado a través de la adopción de diferentes estrategias pedagógicas. Se concluye que existen posibilidades de aprender a estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual en Educación Superior siempre que existan estrategias institucionales y pedagógicas y que el grado de compromiso intelectual del estudiante no imposibilite la compensación y el aprendizaje, mediado por la colaboración, en la zona de desarrollo proximal/ inmediato/inminente. Palabras clave: Discapacidad intelectual; Enseñanza Superior; Vigotski. Data de registro: 22/03/2022 Data de aceite: 27/04/2022. (shrink)

It is simply not the case that the more historical and literary knowledge acquired, the better one is able to understand the biblical text. The issue turns on the use of proper discernment.

Tracing key biblical topics recurrent in Grotian and Hobbesian discourses on the church-state relationship, The Sovereign and the Prophetsexamines Spinoza's Old Testament interpretation in the Theologico-political Treatiseand elucidates his effort to establish what Hobbes could not adequately offer to the Dutch: the liberty to philosophize. Fukuoka develops an original method for understanding seventeenth-century biblical arguments as a shared political paradigm. Her in-depth analysis reveals the discourses that converged on the question, 'Who stands immediately under God to mediate (...) His will to the people?' This subtly nuanced theme not only linked major theoreticians diachronically--from the Remonstrants such as Grotius to the anti-Hobbesian jurist Ulrik Huber (1636-1694)--but also synchronically built the axis of resonances and dissonances between Leviathanand the Theologico-political Treatise. (shrink)

: Erich Auerbach's famous comparative study of Homer and the Bible, "Odysseus' Scar," argues that their contrastive styles derive from the different possibilities available to oral tradition and literature. In support of this thesis, I invoke two theories of verbal art: Walter Benjamin's description of the storyteller's craft, and Victor Shklovsky's definition of art as "defamiliarization." Through a comparative analysis of the use of type-scenes in Homer and in biblical narrative, I demonstrate how Homer is a traditional (...) storyteller, practicing an "art of the familiar," whereas biblical narrative "defamiliarizes" traditional forms. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Prophecy without Contempt: Religious Discourse in the Public Square by Cathleen KavenyKyle LambeletProphecy without Contempt: Religious Discourse in the Public Square Cathleen Kaveny CAMBRIDGE, MA: HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2016. 464 PP. $49.95"The American public square is not a seminar room" (419). This being the case, Cathleen Kaveny's Prophecy without Contempt challenges ethicists, among others, to reconsider the rhetoric of moral address. Rather than a narrow focus on deliberation, (...) Kaveny commends attention to the genre of indictment, and particularly the American jeremiad, as a significant mode of moral address that deserves normative analysis. Kaveny is no partisan of prophecy. But she offers moral and rhetorical criteria of prophetic speech that allow the genre to do its indispensable work.Kaveny's book proceeds in four parts. In the first part she sets the stage for her argument by surveying three prominent accounts of the status of public moral discourse, critiquing each yet drafting them all into a more global [End Page 195] critique of the failure to take into account the central significance of the rhetoric of prophetic indictment. Correcting this neglect in the second part, Kaveny executes a historical retrieval of the American jeremiad, beginning with early Puritan preachers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The point of her at times plodding historical reconstruction is that the jeremiad was not originally socially divisive but rather served to build up the community by calling listeners back to a commonly agreed-on covenant. This uniting function of the jeremiad fails in later generations. Some readers will worry that Kaveny's retrieval risks nostalgia insofar as it conforms to a MacIntyrian declension narrative in which golden origins were irreplaceably fractured.This risk, however, is mitigated by the third and fourth parts of the book, in which Kaveny turns to constructive ethics. She argues that the forensic rhetoric of prophetic indictment should be understood as a chemotherapy. It should not be confused with deliberation, the normal form of moral address. Yet, like chemotherapy, used in the right amount it can restore an ailing patient to health. As we have come to expect, Kaveny is especially adept at taking the moral frameworks developed in one sphere and applying them to another. Trading medical analogies for military, Kaveny argues that best practices of ius bellum verborum can be developed from just war criteria. She adds to these rhetorical constraints that prophetic critique be offered against one's own people with whom one identifies through lamentation and hope. Kaveny concludes with advocacy of prophetic humility and irony as necessary elements of prophetic speech in our pluralistic contemporary context.Although written in accessible prose, Kaveny's book deserves rigorous scholarly engagement. She constructs her argument with the gracious interdisciplinarity of a leading scholar of law and theology at the height of her powers. She is methodologically promiscuous but never shallow, drawing on scholarly fields of moral philosophy, biblical studies, American religious history, in-depth case analysis of contemporary arguments about abortion and torture, and historical paradigms of prophetic virtue (and vice). While scholars in each of these fields will find claims worth engaging in Kaveny's text, ethicists will be particularly interested in her argument for a constrained, continuing need for prophetic indictment.My one critique is that her account of prophetic rhetoric is too conservative. Based on her historical retrieval, Kaveny argues that indictment should serve only to call listeners back to an already agreed-on covenant. It is undoubtedly the case, however, that Kaveny's exemplars of indictment such as Jonah, Lincoln, and King innovated and developed the covenant, even as they invoked it. This complaint aside, Kaveny's book is a major contribution to contemporary conceptualizations of the public square, and stands poised to open new directions for moral analysis of religious actors in pluralistic publics. [End Page 196]Kyle LambeletNotre Dame UniversityCopyright © 2017 Society of Christian Ethics... (shrink)

Resumo Este estudo desenvolve uma análise do desenvolvimento do papel dos sonhos e das visões na literatura bíblica. Busca apontar as diferentes abordagens do tema segundo os diversos redatores bíblicos e seus os momentos históricos específicos. Pondo em relevo, principalmente, o papel da literatura profética e das ações do Estado como introdutores de uma relativização do caráter dos sonhos como elementos justificadores teológicos. Discutimos, a seguir, a recepção desse material pelos rabinos, autores do Talmude. Apontamos que a discussão rabínica (...) sobre o tema segue a perspectiva literária mais ampla, mas aprofunda as preocupações gerais com o império das visões sobre o olhar religioso. Provavelmente por conta das trágicas experiências políticas derivadas do pensamento apocalíptico e sua inclinação geral às revelações oníricas. De uma forma geral os rabinos do Talmude procuram resolver o problema do papel instabilizador dos sonhos através do simultâneo reconhecimento de sua importância e redução ou delimitação de sua relevância enquanto experiência de revelação religiosa. Palavras-chave: Judaísmo; Teologia judaica; Talmude; Sonhos na Bíblia; Sonhos no Talmude.This paper focuses on the development of the role of dreams and visions in biblical literature, presenting different approaches to the theme according to the various biblical authors and their specific historical moments. It emphasizes the influence of prophetic literature and State actions in the relativization of the nature of dreams as theological justifications. It then analyzes the reception of this material by the rabbis who wrote the Talmud. We sustain that the rabbis follow the wider literary mainstream but express a general concern for the empire of visions within the religious scope. That is maybe due to tragic political experiences derived from their apocalyptic thought and to their natural tendency to oniric revelation. We conclude that the Talmud rabbis tried to solve the problem of the destabilizing role of dreams by simultaneously recognizing their importance and reducing or limiting their relevance as a religious revelation experience. Key words: Judaism; Jewish theology; Talmud; Dreams in the Bible; Dreams in the Talmud. (shrink)

Resumo: Este estudo objetiva analisar as perspectivas de futuros professores em relação às práticas pedagógicas necessárias para a inclusão de alunos com deficiência, assim como a possibilidade de construí-las no cotidiano escolar. Para participar da pesquisa, foram selecionadas dezesseis futuras professoras que estão cursando os últimos semestres do curso de Pedagogia e já atuam como estagiárias na Educação Básica. A pesquisa se fundamenta na abordagem qualitativa e utilizou as narrativas como instrumento da coleta de dados. A partir do processo de (...) análise textual discursiva, identificaram-se três dimensões, com base nas temáticas utilizadas nesse estudo: Educação Inclusiva; Práticas Pedagógicas Inclusivas; Experiência. Os resultados do estudo indicam as experiências das professoras como novas e significativas e que o elemento principal para a transformação da educação inclusiva passa pela necessidade de formação, estudos e trocas de experiências e de constante construção teórico-prática, que se faz mister no processo inclusivo. Palavras-chave: Educação Superior; Educação Inclusiva; Formação de Professores; Práticas Pedagógicas. The perspectives of Inclusive Education in the Education course: narratives of beginning teachers Abstract: This study aims to analyze the perspectives of future teachers in relation to the pedagogical practices necessary for the inclusion of students with disabilities, as well as the possibility of building them in the school routine. In order to participate in the research, sixteen future teachers who are attending the last semesters of the Education course and already work as interns in Basic Education were selected. The research is based on a qualitative approach and it uses narratives as an instrument for data collection. From the discursive textual analysis process, three dimensions were identified, based on the themes used in this study: Inclusive Education; Inclusive Pedagogical Practices; Experience. The results of the study indicate the experiences of the teachers as new and significant, and that the main element for the transformation of inclusive education involves the need for training, studies and exchanges of experiences as well as constant theoretical-practical construction, which is essential in the inclusive process. Keywords: Higher Education; Inclusive Education; Teacher Training; Pedagogical Practices. Las perspectivas de la Educación Inclusiva en el curso de Pedagogía: narrativas de profesores principiantes Resumen: Este estudio tiene por objetivo analizar las perspectivas de futuros profesores con relación a las prácticas pedagógicas necesarias para la inclusión de alumnos con discapacidad, así como la posibilidad de construirlas en el cotidiano escolar. Para participar de la pesquisa, fueron seleccionadas dieciséis futuras profesoras que están cursando los últimos semestres del curso de Pedagogía y ya actúan como pasantes en la Educación Básica. La investigación se fundamenta en un enfoque cualitativo y utilizó las narrativas como instrumento de recogida de dados. A partir del proceso de análisis textual discursivo, fueron identificados tres dimensiones, con base en las temáticas utilizadas en este estudio: Educación Inclusiva; Prácticas Pedagógicas Inclusivas; Experiencia. Los resultados del estudio indican las experiencias de las profesoras como nuevas y significativas y que el elemento principal para la transformación de la educación inclusiva pasa por la necesidad de formación, estudios y cambios de experiencias además de constante construcción teórico-práctica, que es esencial en el proceso inclusivo. Palabras clave: Educación Universitaria; Educación Inclusiva; Formación de Profesores; Prácticas Pedagógicas. Data de registro: 14/04/2021 Data de aceite: 19/01/2022. (shrink)

Although motherhood is the female destiny par excellence in the biblical narrative, it is an experience only accessible through a male point of view. In order to reflect on the problems of representation of the maternal body in the Hebrew Bible, I propose an analysis of different maternal characters present in the books of Samuel and Kings. My reading aims, on the one hand, to identify the features that define the maternal in the biblical text and, (...) on the other hand, to offer an approach that allows to point to the implications that the crisis context the texts reflect have on the picture of the actions and the destinies of these female characters. (shrink)

FINANCIAMENTO DE PESQUISA: PNPD/CAPES A relação entre imaginação, moralidade, política e literatura: uma análise a partir de Adam Smith e Martha Nussbaum Resumo: Este artigo analisa relação da imaginação com a moralidade e a política através da literatura. Parte-se da reflexão sobre o papel da imaginação na sociabilidade e na simpatia moral, segundo Adam Smith. Para o autor, a capacidade de compreender e sentir o que ocorre com o outro exige um exercício imaginativo. Smith considera que a simpatia moral (...) está inseparável da imaginação. Essa questão é ampliada a partir do conceito de imaginação literária ou narrativa desenvolvido por Martha Nussbaum. Para a autora, a capacidade da imaginação pode ser cultivada através da literatura, pois ela possibilita a experiência de vivenciar emoções e compreender situações alheias. Isso promove e amplia uma imaginação moral capaz de proporcionar um entendimento mais amplo das relações humanas. Assim, este artigo sustenta que as humanidades e, em especial, a leitura literária, propicia uma espécie de experiência moral e uma reflexão ética e política. Isso confere à literatura um valor educacional, pois ela é capaz de promover as qualidades de uma cidadania condizente com a sociedade democrática pluralista e cosmopolita. A proposta aqui desenvolvida oferece elementos para se pensar a ética, a política e a educação na sociedade atual, valorizando e resgatando as humanidades e a cultura literária. Palavras-chave: Imaginação; Ética; Política; Simpatia; Literatura. The relation between imagination, morality, politics and literature: an analysis from Adam Smith and Martha Nussbaum Abstract: This article analyzes the relation between imagination, morality and politics through literature. We start with a reflection on the role of imagination in sociability and moral sympathy, as understood by Adam Smith. For the author, the ability to understand and feel what happens to another requires an imaginative exercise. Smith considers that moral sympathy is inseparable from the imagination. This question is amplified from the concept of literary imagination or narrative developed by Martha Nussbaum. For the author, the capacity for imagination can be cultivated through literature, as it allows the experience of emotion and understand other people´s situations. This promotes and broadens a moral imagination, capable of providing a broader understanding of human relationships. Thus, this article maintains that the humanities and, especially, literary reading, provides a kind of moral experience and an ethical-political reflection. This gives literature an educational value, as it is capable of promote the qualities of a citizenship consistent with the pluralist and cosmopolitan democratic society. The proposal developed here offers elements for thinking about ethics, politics and education in today's society, valuing and rescuing the humanities and literary culture. Key-words: Imagination; ethics; politics; sympathy; literature. La relación entre imaginación, moralidad, política y literatura: un análisis de Adam Smith y Martha Nussbaum Resumen: Este artículo analiza la relación entre imaginación, moralidad y política a través de la literatura. Comienza con una reflexión sobre el papel de la imaginación en la sociabilidad y la simpatía moral, según Adam Smith. Para el autor, la capacidad de comprender y sentir lo que le sucede a otro requiere un ejercicio imaginativo. Smith considera que la simpatía moral es inseparable de la imaginación. Esta pregunta se amplifica desde el concepto de imaginación literaria o narrativa desarrollada por Martha Nussbaum. Para el autor, la capacidad de imaginación se puede cultivar a través de la literatura, ya que permite a las personas experimentar emociones y comprender las situaciones de otras personas. Esto promueve y amplía una imaginación moral capaz de proporcionar una comprensión más amplia de las relaciones humanas. Así, este artículo sostiene que las humanidades, y especialmente la lectura literaria, proporcionan una especie de experiencia moral y una reflexión ético-política. Esto le da a la literatura un valor educativo, ya que es capaz de promover las cualidades de una ciudadanía consistente con la sociedad democrática pluralista y cosmopolita. La propuesta desarrollada aquí ofrece elementos para pensar sobre ética, política y educación en la sociedad actual, valorando y rescatando las humanidades y la cultura literaria. Palabras clave: Imaginación; Ética; Política; Simpatía; Literatura. Data de registro: 18/05/2020 Data de aceite: 05/07/2021. (shrink)

This study attempts to promulgate a method called ‘hermeneutics of appropriation’ as a thematic approach of a scientific research. ‘Hermeneutics’ is not the same as ‘appropriation’; hermeneutics refers to a science of interpretation, whereas appropriation depicts an idea of adoption. Hermeneutics of appropriation employs themes (hence, thematic analysis) as opposed to contextual biblical hermeneutics that focuses largely on contemporary interpretation of biblical narratives. Thus, adopting the phrase ‘hermeneutics of appropriation’ presents the idea of a scientific interpretation of (...) a theme that is applied in a differing context from which it originated. The present study aims at highlighting some dynamics that illustrate contextual biblical interpretation as a biased approach. Having presented such dynamics, the study will then suggest the employment of hermeneutics of appropriation in which relevant themes from the biblical text are utilised in a hermeneutical discourse. A dialogue with various previous contributions that conferred on contextual biblical hermeneutics will illuminate the above notion. With regard to hermeneutics of appropriation, representative examples of themes from the Judean postexilic context to be appropriated in the Zimbabwean postcolonial discourse comprises of two aspects: (1) geopolitical and socioeconomic crises and (2) Nehemiah’s social justice reforms. The latter consists of five subthemes: public hearing to rebuke the leadership, condemnation of usury, payment of tax, return of personal property to the owner and food donation to the needy. (shrink)

RESUMO É cada vez mais sensível a grande profusão de distintas formas de narratividade biográfica na sociedade contemporânea. A partir do que apresentam pesquisas em diferentes campos dos estudos em linguagem, faz-se incontestável a heterogenericidade com que diversas formas de narração do eu em diferentes tons de autorreferência têm insurgido numa sociedade altamente midiatizada e globalizada. Nesse entrever, ancorados no edifício teórico da análise dialógica do discurso em confluência com estudos que se debruçam sobre as escritas de si, propomo-nos (...) a discutir a ressignificação como ato característico do movimento de autorreferência constitutivo da autobiografia e de algumas outras formas de narrativas do eu. Dentre outras observações, destacamos, na construção discursiva de textos autorreferentes, como a autobiografia, um entrecruzamento entre sentidos, memórias e vivências em uma relação de ressignificação sob a luz do que o sujeito não só foi como agora é. ABSTRACT The great profusion of different forms of biographical narrativity in contemporary society is increasingly sensitive. From what is presented by studies in different fields of language studies, the heterogeneity with which diverse forms of narration of the self in different tones of self-reference have emerged in a highly mediatized and globalized society becomes indisputable. Therefore, anchored in the theoretical propositions of the dialogic analysis of discourse along with studies that focus on life writings, we discuss re-signification as a characteristic act of the movement of self-reference, constitutive of autobiographies and some other forms of narratives of the self. Among other observations, we highlight in the discursive construction of self-referential texts, such as autobiography, a cross-linking between senses, memories and life experiences in their relation of re-signification in the light of what the subject not only was, but is now. (shrink)

O escopo central do artigo converge na análise e problematização das relações entre colonialismo e masculinidade na produção literário-intelectual do romancista H. Rider Haggard, com destaque para seu romance Marie. A narrativa literária cinge elementos da ficção e realidade ao narrar eventos do passado sul-africano, em especial o Great Trek, período de migrações e deslocamentos de colonos bôeres na década de 1830. No cerne de um contexto imaginado com as marcas da violência e do martírio, Haggard retrata a (...) formação de seu protagonista, o caçador Allan Quatermain, de modo a promover figurações de virilidade e heroísmo que atuam como respostas ao que muitos de seus contemporâneos sentem e ressentem como crises da masculinidade no fin-de-siècle.The South African Question: Literature, Colonialism and Masculinities in H. Rider Haggard’s Marie The central scope of the article converges in the analysis and problematization of relations between colonialism and masculinity in H. Rider Haggard’s literary and intellectual production, with emphasis in his romance Marie. The literary narrative deals with elements of fiction and reality by narrating events from South African past, especially the Great Trek, a period of migrations and displacements of Boer colonists during the 1830s. At the heart of a context imagined with violence and martyrdom, Haggard depicts the formation of his protagonist, the hunter Allan Quatermain, in order to promote virility and heroism, which act as answers to what many of his contemporaries feel and resent as crises of masculinity in the fin-de-siècle. Resumen La cuestión sudafricana: literatura, colonialismo y masculinidades en Marie, de H. Rider Haggard La meta central del artículo converge en la análisis y problematización de las relaciones entre colonialismo y masculinidad en la producción literario-intelectual del novelista H. Rider Haggard, con destaque para su romance Marie. La narrativa literaria establece una relación entre elementos de ficción y realidad al narrar eventos del pasado sudafricano, en especial el Great Trek, período de migraciones y desplazamientos de colonos bôeres en la década de 1830. En el corazón de un contexto imaginado con las marcas de la violencia y el el martirio, Haggard retrata la formación de su protagonista, el cazador Allan Quatermain, para promover imágenes de virilidad y heroísmo que actúan como respuestas a lo que muchos de sus contemporáneos sienten y resienten como crisis de la masculinidad en el fin-de-siècle. (shrink)

In this book, Shira Weiss elucidates the moral tradition of the Hebrew Bible by subjecting ethically challenging biblical texts to moral philosophical analysis. Examining the most essential questions of Jewish Thought, she uses contemporary philosophy to decipher Scriptural ethics as uncovered from a variety of biblical stories. Aided by ancient, medieval, and contemporary resources, Weiss presents a comprehensive discussion of enduring ethical questions that arise from biblical narrative and continue to be contested in modern times. (...) She shows how such analysis can unsettle assumptions and beliefs, as well as foster moral reflection. Ethical Ambiguity in the Hebrew Bible will be of interest to scholars and students of ethics, philosophy, Jewish thought, biblical theology, and exegesis. (shrink)

Este estudo dedica-se à teoria da verdade tal como se apresenta nas obras de Ricoeur entre 1947 e 1960. Procura-se sublinhar o vaivém entre uma compreensão ontológica da verdade, marcada antes de mais pelo pensamento de Karl Jaspers (1947), e uma compreensão fenomenológica da verdade centrada na teoria do juízo (1960). Contudo a análise da tensão entre a unidade do verdadeiro e a multiplicidade das filosofias permite elaborar o conceito de verdade como comunicação e de verdade como objecto de (...) esperança. Procura-se então mostrar o fundamento desta esperança bem como a dimensão pela qual ela ultrapassa o universo da filsosofia. A conclusão sublinha que os desenvolvimentos ulteriores de Ricoeur (1960-1989) sobre a hermenêutica do símbolo, da metáfora e da narrativa ganham em serem relidos no horizonte das tensões do problema da verdade. /// Cette étude est consacrée à la théorie de la vérité telle qu'elle se présente dans l'oeuvre de Ricoeur entre 1947 et 1960. On cherche à souligner le va-et-vient entre une compréhension ontologique de la vérité initielement influencée par la pensée de Karl Jaspers 1947, et une compréhension phénoménologique de la vérité centrée sur la théorie du jugement (1960). L'analyse de la tension entre l'unité du vrai et la multiplicité des philosophies débouche cependant sur le concept de vérité comme communication et comme object d'espérence. On cherche alors à montrer le fondement de cette espérance ainsi que la dimension par laquelle elle dépasse l'univers de la philosophie. La conclusion souligne que les développements ultérieurs de Ricoeur (1960-1989) sur l'herméneutique du symbole, de la métaphore et du récit ont tout à gagner à être replacés et relus à l'horizon des tensions du problème de la vérité. /// This study pays special attention to the theory of truth elaborated in Ricoeur's work from 1947 to 1960. It seeks to stress the complication of–on one hand–ontological understanding, at first influenced by Karl Jasper's thought (1947), and–on the other–phenomenological understanding, centered on the theory of judgement (1960). The analysis of the tension between the unity of the true and the multiplicity of philosophies leads however to the concept of truth as communication and as object of hope. It seeks then to show what founds this hope, as well as the dimension by which hope goes beyond the universe of philosophy. In conclusion, it is mentioned that the later developments of Ricoeur's philosophy (1960–1989), e.g. the hermeneutics of symbol, metaphor, and narrative, can be replaced and reread advantageously in the horizon of the tension involved in the problem of truth. (shrink)

Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão em torno da biodiversidade, a partir da crítica à política de conservação da diversidade biológica, estabelecida pela Convenção sobre Biodiversidade, considerando que ela se encontra impregnada de uma lógica utilitária e econômica. Mesmo reconhecendo os efeitos dos saberes e práticas das comunidades tradicionais como forma de manejo sustentável da biodiversidade, ela é omissa em relação à dimensão simbólica e espiritual presente nas cosmologias indígenas e seu papel conservacionista. A abordagem proposta aqui foi norteada por uma (...) análise da dualidade entre animalidade e humanidade, através de um breve exame de cosmologias indígenas sul-americanas e reflexões filosóficas. A partir de alguns fragmentos de narrativas cosmológicas procurou-se mostrar que as fronteiras entre animalidade e humanidade desaparecem. A tentativa de construir um diálogo entre cosmologias indígenas e reflexões filosóficas teve o intuito de conduzir a análise para o campo religioso da relação com o divino, como experiência de imanência. Palavras-chave: biodiversidade; cosmologias indígenas; animalidade.This work discusses biological diversity through a criticism of the biological diversity conservation policy established by the Convention of Biological Diversity, viewed here as impregnated with a utilitarian and economical logic. Although this policy recognizes the knowledge and practices of traditional communities as a tool for the sustainable management of biological diversity, it ignores the spiritual and symbolic dimension of the indigenous cosmologies and its conservationist role. The approach proposed here was guided by an analysis of the duality between animality and humanity, involving a brief examination of South American indigenous cosmologies and philosophical reflections. Through the study of a few fragments of cosmological narratives it is showed that the boundaries between animality and humanity disappear. The attempt to build a dialogue between indigenous cosmologies and philosophical reflections aimed at placing the analysis in the field of the relationship with the divine, as an immanent experience. Key words: biodiversity; indigenous cosmologies; animality. (shrink)

Neste artigo, pretende-se interpretar a posição de Taylor sobre a situação da sociedade contemporânea secular a partir do seguinte itinerário: (1) discutindo em grandes linhas sua concepção filosófica da multiculturalidade de nossas sociedades atuais, (2) propondo uma narrativa que aponte para uma interpretação do imaginário social multicultural e secularizado, e finalmente (3) apontando para o lugar da racionalidade filosófica neste percurso. A análise se faz tendo em mente que a coexistência cada vez maior de pessoas, grupos e comunidades, (...) com tradições étnicas, culturais, linguísticas e religiosas das mais diversas, que partilham um mesmo espaço geográfico, é uma das principais características de nosso mundo globalizado. Por um lado, nessa configuração multicultural, é cada vez mais universal a consciência de que viver em comum no mundo é, também, partilhar um destino coletivo onde os efeitos sócio-culturais da globalização transformam nossos esquemas mentais e nossas formas de vida social. Por outro lado, a possibilidade de uma convivência harmônica em uma mesma sociedade de indivíduos, grupos e comunidades com cosmovisões diferentes coloca-se como desafio ainda não de todo equacionado. Palavras-chave: Imaginário. Secularização. Taylor.This article examines Taylor`s viewpoint on the situation in contemporary secular society from the following itinerary: (1) discuss his philosophical conception of multiculturalism in our societies today, (2) propose a narrative that points to an interpretation of the social, multicultural and secular imaginary, and finally (3) points to the place of philosophical rationality in this route. This analysis assumes the coexistence of individuals, groups and communities, with their ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious traditions that share the same geographic space and is a major feature of our globalized world. On the one hand, within this situation, the consciousness that live together in the world means sharing a collective destiny where socio-cultural effects of globalization transform our mental schemes and also change our forms of social life. Moreover, the possibility of a harmonious coexistence in a society of individuals, groups and communities with different worldviews is a challenge still not entirely solved. Key words: Imaginary. Secularization. Taylor. (shrink)

The configurational dimension, in turn, displays temporal features that may be opposed to these "features" of episodic time. The configurational arrangement makes the succession of events into significant wholes that are the correlate of the act of grouping together. Thanks to this reflective act—in the sense of Kant's Critique of Judgment—the whole plot may be translated into one "thought." "Thought," in this narrative context, may assume various meanings. It may characterize, for instance, following Aristotle's Poetics, the "theme" that accompanies (...) the "fable" or "plot" of a tragedy.1 "Thought" may also designate the "point" of the Hebraic maschal or of the biblical parable, concerning which Jeremias observes that the point of the parable is what allows us to translate it into a proverb or an aphorism. The term "thought" may also apply to the "colligatory terms" used in history writing, such terms as "the Renaissance," "the Industrial Revolution," and so on, which, according to Walsh and Dray, allow us to apprehend a set of historical events under a common denominator. In a word, the correlation between thought and plot supersedes the "then" and "and then" of mere succession. But it would be a complete mistake to consider "thought" as a-chronological. "Fable" and "theme" are as closely tied together as episode and configuration. The time of fable-and theme, if we may make of this a hyphenated expression, is more deeply temporal than the time of merely episodic narratives. · 1. It may be noted in passing that this correlation between "theme" and "plot" is also the basis of Northup Frye's "archetypal" criticism. Paul Ricoeur is professor of philosophy at the Université de Paris and John Nuveen Professor at the University of Chicago. Some of his works to appear in English are Husserl: An Analysis of His Phenomenology, Main Trends in Philosophy, and The Conflict of Interpretations: Essays on Hermeneutics. His previous contribution to Critical Inquiry, "The Metaphorical Process as Cognition, Imagination, and Feeling," appeared in the Autumn 1978 issue. (shrink)

The article examines the interpretation of the Scripture in Byzantine hymnography during the Great Lent. Some notable recent contributions focus on Andrew of Crete's and Romanos the Melodist's compositions, illustrating the hymnographic way of understanding the Scriptures. The author of this study presents a selection of stanzas from hymns of the Triodion that refer to the trees of Paradise. Hymnography perceives the trees in Genesis 2-3 in direct connection with the cross. Only rarely is the tree of life a metaphor (...) for Jesus, as the shadow of the tree of the cross is seldom a metaphor for protection. Another interesting aspect in relation to hymnography is the fact that it represents a type of intertextual exegesis of biblical texts. Hymnographers interpret passages from Genesis by using texts from Psalms, Prophets and especially from the New Testament, combining images and biblical texts in the depiction of liturgical moments. CONTRIBUTION: Compared with previous research, this article discusses some rare hymnographic interpretations. The analysis accentuates that the hymnic approach to the Scripture is a form of intertextual exegesis. (shrink)

This contribution explores the question to what extent religious narratives can move the adherents of religious communities to violence or teach wisdom and compassion, drawing on Ricoeur’s work on narrative, ethics, and biblical interpretation. It lays out Ricoeur’s account of narrative identity, urging him to connect his account of phronesis more fully with his analysis of threefold mimesis in his earlier work. It considers his biblical hermeneutics in light of this work on identity and moral (...) action and suggests that bringing these various dimensions of his work together more fully than he himself does would provide a more substantive account of how identity is shaped in religious contexts. It might on the one hand help us to understand more fully a turn to fundamentalism or religious violence and on the other hand draw more clearly on the phronetic resources within religious traditions, especially as they are expressed in ritual behavior, to combat violence and teach wisdom and compassion. (shrink)

: This article aims to show that although the apostle Paul did not call himself a prophet, still makes his presentation in his letters in the same way that the Old Testament prophets. The article points out the many similarities between Paul and the prophets. It seeks to analyze and interact with Scripture and literature concerning the matter.We conclude that the Apostle founded the authority of his call, highlighting the prophetic aspect of his apostolate. It is evident that the (...) Apostle had a awareness of the prophetic character of his person, mission and message. It is called and sent directly by God, records the Scripture inspired by the Spirit and has a fruitful ministry of preaching and teaching. Este artigo tem como objetivo mostrar que embora o apóstolo Paulo não chame a si mesmo de profeta, ainda assim faz sua apresentação em suas cartas nos mesmos moldes que os profetas do Antigo Testamento. O artigo aponta as várias semelhanças entre Paulo e os profetas. Procura-se fazer uma análise e interação com a Escritura bem como literatura pertinente ao tema. Conclui-se que o Apóstolo fundamenta a autoridade de seu chamado, destacando o aspecto profético de seu apostolado. Evidencia-se que o Apóstolo possuía uma consciência do caráter profético de sua pessoa, missão e mensagem. É chamado e enviado diretamente por Deus, registra a Escritura de maneira inspirada pelo Espírito e tem um profícuo ministério de pregação e ensino. (shrink)

RESUMO Este artigo investiga a presença do heterodiscurso em narrativas da tradição oral. Para tanto, a fundamentação teórica baseia-se na perspectiva bakhtiniana, que compreende o discurso, nas narrativas literárias, como marcado pela heterodiscursividade, evidenciando uma diversidade de vozes sociais que sinalizam modos de compreensão e pontos de vista sobre o mundo. A análise do corpus, composto por duas narrativas da tradição oral, aponta, portanto, que as vozes do narrador, dos contadores tradicionais de histórias e das personagens aparecem em constante (...) dialogicidade com as vozes sociais, orientadas por axiologias, posições e centros valorativos de ordem social, cultural e histórica. O estudo constatou, assim, formas de refletir e de refratar os acontecimentos da existência, quadros morais que os pautam e as compreensões dos modos de ser e de agir em situações concretas da vida em sociedade, em consonância com os pressupostos dialógicos da pesquisa. (shrink)