Em boa parte da Crítica do juízo é tratada como objeto de uma experiência estética que não se distingue daquela experiência que se pode ter com a bela natureza. A bem da verdade, tanto nas duas introduções como na Analítica do Belo é o belo natural, e não o belo artístico, que fornece o paradigma do juízo de gosto puro e, de fato, este constitui o tema central desta primeira parte da obra. Certos temas, contudo, embora digam respeito aos dois (...) tipos de beleza, são bastante interessantes para pensar se a bela-arte, sobretudo a noção de forma. (shrink)

8 March, now known as International Women’s Day, is a day for feminist claims where demonstrations are organized in over 150 countries, with the participation of millions of women all around the world. These demonstrations can be viewed as collective rituals and thus focus attention on the processes that facilitate different psychosocial effects. This work aims to explore the mechanisms involved in participation in the demonstrations of 8 March 2020, collective and ritualized feminist actions, and their correlates associated with personal (...) well-being and collective well-being, collective efficacy and collective growth, and behavioral intention to support the fight for women’s rights. To this end, a cross-cultural study was conducted with the participation of 2,854 people from countries in Latin America and Europe, with a retrospective correlational cross-sectional design and a convenience sample. Participants were divided between demonstration participants and non-demonstrators or followers who monitored participants through the media and social networks. Compared with non-demonstrators and with males, female and non-binary gender respondents had greater scores in mechanisms and criterion variables. Further random-effects model meta-analyses revealed that the perceived emotional synchrony was consistently associated with more proximal mechanisms, as well as with criterion variables. Finally, sequential moderation analyses showed that proposed mechanisms successfully mediated the effects of participation on every criterion variable. These results indicate that participation in 8M marches and demonstrations can be analyzed through the literature on collective rituals. As such, collective participation implies positive outcomes both individually and collectively, which are further reinforced through key psychological mechanisms, in line with a Durkheimian approach to collective rituals. (shrink)

El pasaje de la Elegía de Gray (PEG) en “On Denoting” es extremadamente obscuro y ha sido objeto de muy diversas interpretaciones. Aparentemente contiene una crítica devastadora contra la teoría de los conceptos denotativos que el propio Russell había postulado en The Principles of Mathematics (PM) (1903). En este artículo exponemos sucintamente dicha teoría semántica, examinamos detalladamente el pasaje en cuestión y exploramos algunas de las interpretaciones que pretenden desentrañar su sentido. Con ello mostramos, en primer lugar, que la crítica (...) se dirige directamente contra la teoría de PM; en segundo lugar, que no es posible hacer unos pocos cambios homogéneos para habilitar una lectura literal del pasaje; finalmente, que, si bien algunos de los argumentos que los intérpretes han aducido para abandonar la teoría de los conceptos denotativos son sólidos, no es obvio que todos ellos se encuentren en PEG. (shrink)

This paper presents the evaluation of the alpha version of a gamified tool called Call for Papers: The Game (CfP:TG), specially designed for teaching scientific writing in the training of future engineers. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was carried out with the participation of engineering students from a Peruvian public university. The short version of the user experience questionnaire (UEQ) was applied, and usability was qualitatively evaluated. The main results indicate that the Pragmatic Quality of CfP:TG is in the neutral range (...) with a value of 0.729, and the Hedonic Quality receives a positive evaluation with a value of 1.089. (shrink)

Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar como Michel Foucault e Roland Barthes analisaram a obra dos pintores Édouard Manet e Cy Twombly guiados pela idéia de que, na modernidade, a obra de arte não pode mais ser interpretada meramente como a expressão da subjetividade de seu autor e, sim, em virtude da relação que ela mantém com a cultura e com a história da arte anterior a ela, bem como o de avaliar o quanto esta abordagem se aproxima do formalismo.

Resenha dos livros Aisthesis. Cenas do regime estético da arte e Le temps du paysage. Aux origines de la révolution esthétique, de Jacques Rancière. De As três fontes das filosofias da história, de Bertrand Binoche, e de A filosofia da fisiocracia: Metafísica, política, economia, de Thiago Vargas. Conta ainda com uma resenha da 34ª Bienal de São Paulo.

Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura localizada en Scopus sobre la competencia digital (CD) del profesorado universitario; con ayuda de la metodología PRISMA y operadores se delimitó la investigación a través de tesauros de Eric. Los autores/entidades españolas resaltan en la temática, existen esfuerzos orientados al diseño, validación y aplicación de rúbricas a nivel mundial. Los abordajes predominantemente son cuantitativos. La investigación fortalece el entendimiento sobre la CD, existe un efecto positivo otorgado por las CD docentes en la (...) formación de estudiantes, se requiere desarrollar planes de formación y emprender esfuerzos similares en otras bases de datos científicas. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Why Iberia?María Rosa Menocal (bio)My first instinct was to correct the title and rename this essay “Why Medieval Spain?” rather than “Why Iberia?” After all, I never say I work on or teach about “Iberia.” And yet the editors have got it just right to signal—using the geographic Iberia instead of the national Spain—that the terrible difficulty of finding worthy names is at the heart of the matter (...) here, at the heart of why it is that the study of the cultures and peoples of the Iberian peninsula during the medieval period is as exacting, as stimulating, as important as it is. It is easy enough, and accurate enough too, to point out that the study of all premodern cultures brings with it comparable difficulties, that, for example, before there was a France or an Italy, it is also misleading to talk about what might have been French or Italian, and yet medievalists in those areas, as well as the man on the street, regularly do so. But in the case of the Iberian peninsula the misprisions reflected in the confusion of terms—when we call a Christian kingdom “Spanish” but an Islamic one “Moorish,” to take only one of dozens of egregious examples—are confusions both more severe and more meaningful. It is true that Dante is not an Italian, but rather a Florentine, and the distinction is far from trivial—indeed, for Dante, central. And yet the comparable distinctions in the Iberian peninsula are likely to be more searing, because they involve not just political but religious and ethnic distinctions. If we call Rodrigo Diaz, the Cid, a Spaniard, why not his contemporary Judah Halevi? And why do we so often—even among those of us who “know better”—persist in calling the Muslims of the Iberian peninsula “Moors” or even “Arabs”—thus grossly confusing religion and ethnicity and suggesting, every time we do, that to be a Muslim was always not to be a Spaniard, in the way that being a Christian was, or that confession is equivalent to ethnicity?Of course, at this late date we all know the largest answer to these and other comparable questions: Spain defined itself as a modern nation through the expulsion not only of its Jewish and Muslim citizens but especially through the expulsion of the memory that they had ever been a part of the real body politic of “Spain.” It is not merely that after 1492 and 1609 (and everything in between) to be a Spaniard was aggressively defined as those who were not (and, better still, had never been) Christian; it is that this early modern definition of the national identity was transferred to the medieval past, and the medieval past rewritten and reimagined accordingly, as if the twelfth century were already longing for the sixteenth. This obliteration of the historical memory of the cultural and religious complexities of the medieval Iberian universe has long meant that the parameters that define how we talk about its languages and cultures are profoundly misshaped, which I mean not as a moral but as a historical statement: Alfonso X would no doubt have been startled by the suggestion that Arabic was not a vital part of the Castilian cultural universe or that Jews were not Toledanos or Sevillanos, nor citizens of his “Spain.” [End Page 7]It is of course the singular fact in European history—and now the word is out, almost everyone knows it—that the three Abrahamic religions long coexisted, in highly complex and always-shifting ways, in the Iberian peninsula. This has for some years now been both the distinction and the bane of “our” medieval studies, since not only the terminology but the most fundamental epistemological categories at our disposal—things as basic as the languages that are considered the legitimate or necessary ones for a medievalist to study in a department in which Spanish medievalists are trained—are still almost invariably at odds with what, explicitly echoing Americo Castro, we might call la realidad historica. Thus part of the answer to the “Why Iberia” question is that the moment is clearly at hand to begin to undo the damage... (shrink)

Drawing inspiration from a well-attested historical tradition, I propose an account of cognition according to which knowledge is not only prior to belief; it is also, and crucially, not a kind of belief. Believing, in turn, is not some sort of botched knowing, but a mental state fundamentally different from knowing, with its own distinctive and complementary role in our cognitive life. I conclude that the main battle-line in the history of epistemology is drawn between the affirmation of a natural (...) mental state in which there is a contact between ‘mind’ and ‘reality’ (whatever the ontological nature of this ‘reality’) and the rejection of such a natural mental state. For the former position, there is a mental state which is different in kind from belief, and which is constituted by the presence of the object of cognition to the cognitive subject, with no gap between them. For the latter position, all our cognition is belief, and the question becomes how and when belief is permissible. (shrink)

Mindreading capacity has been widely understood as the human ability to gain knowledge about the inner processes and states of others that bring about the behavior of these agents. This paper argues against this epistemic view of mindreading on the basis of different empirical studies in linguistics and social and developmental psychology: we are systematically biased in attributing mental states, and many everyday uses of mental ascription sentences do not reflect an epistemic function in our social interactions. We introduce an (...) alternative view of mental ascriptions, the social cover view, which is consistent with the evidence. The social cover view holds that the main function of mental ascriptions is to cover the social status and reputation of an agent rather than to gain knowledge about her inner processes and states. Finally, we discuss two possible objections to our proposal. (shrink)

Este artigo pretende dar a conhecer as condições de criação e de produção de um conjunto de textos de vanguarda que viriam a constituir-se como marco para a poesia portuguesa do século XX: a Poesia 61, impressos e editados numa pequena cidade de província, Faro.Como são aí editados estes e outros folhetos de autores como António Ramos Rosa, E. M. Melo e Castro, Maria Teresa Horta, Casimiro de Brito, Luiza Neto Jorge ou Fiama Hasse Pais Brandão, entre outros? (...) Para responder a essa questão, interrogam-se contextos, autores e obras, mas também editores, tipógrafos e tipografias. (shrink)

The paper starts by identifying dynamic stabilization as a defining feature of modern societies. This term refers to the fact that such a society requires (material) growth, (technological) augmentation and high rates of (cultural) innovation in order to reproduce its structure and to preserve the socioeconomic and political status quo. The subsequent sections explore the mechanisms and consequences of this mode of social reproduction, proceeding in three steps. First, three key aspects or ‘motors’ of dynamization are identified, namely the mechanisms (...) of (socio-economic) appropriation, (socio-cultural) acceleration and (socio-political) activation. In the second step, we argue that this ‘Triple-A-Mode’ of dynamic stabilization necessarily entails a logic of incessant escalation which eventually threatens to undermine itself, leading to a multifaceted process of destabilization. Unmistakable signs of this can be seen in the current financial, democratic, ecological and psychosocial crises. The third and last part briefly and very preliminarily sketches out the possible contours of a ‘post-growth’ society which could move beyond the current mode of dynamic stabilization. (shrink)

Evidential pluralists, like Federica Russo and Jon Williamson, argue that causal claims should be corroborated by establishing both the existence of a suitable correlation and a suitable mechanism complex. At first glance, this fits well with mixed method research in the social sciences, which often involves a pluralist combination of statistical and mechanistic evidence. However, statistical evidence concerns a population of cases, while mechanistic evidence is found in individual case studies. How should researchers combine such general statistical evidence and specific (...) mechanistic evidence? This article discusses a very recent answer to this question, ‘multi-method large-N qualitative analysis’ or multi-method LNQA, popular in political science and international relations studies of rare events like democratic transitions and cease-fire agreements. Multi-method LNQA combines a comprehensive study of all relevant event cases with statistical analysis, in an attempt to solve the issues of generalization faced by other types of qualitative research, such as selection bias and lack of representativeness. I will argue that the kind of general causal claim that multi-method LNQA is after, however, is crucially different from the average treatment effect found in statistical analysis and can in fact only be supported with mechanistic evidence. I conclude from this that mixed method research, and thereby evidential pluralism, may be inappropriate in this context. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Educating in a convulsed political context demands a detailed analysis of the new circumstances of our times, especially the current democracy crisis. According to the latest reports issued by international evaluation organisations, one of the greatest challenges for democratic citizenship is the emergence and rise of authoritarianism within the framework of the so-called post-democracy, and also in the manifestations known as illiberal democracy. Moral and civic education has to respond to this challenge. With this in mind, we propose revitalising (...) a participative and deliberative democracy model, rethinking the basic values in citizens' education, redefining the relation between what is public and what is private, and empowering sensitivity and free creation in the new maker culture. (shrink)

A fenomenologia tem como objetivo analisar os momentos constitutivos de diferentes experiências, fazendo justiça às suas formas específicas de aparecimento. Ao fazer isso, ela pode tornar visíveis (e, portanto, corrigir) as suposições problemáticas consideradas válidas desde o início. Estas suposições distorcem e manipulam coerentemente os fenômenos de tal forma que os fenômenos são transformados em algo radicalmente diferente. O fenômeno do déjà vu é muito interessante, nesse sentido, por duas diferentes razões. O déjà vu é transformado em um fenômeno diferente (...) no campo da ciência cognitiva: o déjà vu é comumente entendido como um simples erro de memória. Em segundo lugar, o déjà vu implica a repetição de uma experiência única e contingente. Essa lógica de repetição não é facilmente compatível com o logos das ciências empíricas, que se concentra na identificação de relações invariantes entre termos gerais por meio de pesquisa experimental e, portanto, exige uma abordagem diferente. (shrink)

As the “Sacred Place”—meant as the new space for religions offered by the Internet—demands for continuous investigations on the encounter between traditional narratives and social practices, the rapid growth of Question and Answering websites asks for improving social research about the Authenticity of the religious feeling as well as their responsibility in the construction of a shared knowledge. In this background, the aim of this study is to investigate the role of Q&A websites as additional interpretative resources in accordance with (...) different religious forms of life. About 800 extracts—composed by questions and answers—from the religious pages of Stack Exchange were analyzed, in accordance with social discursive psychology, through bottom-up and top-down pathways. In relation to the different emerging questioners’ profiles, the rhetoric of “closeness” and “openness” reveal a dialectic trend of these websites in offering both supplementary and extending religious experiences. (shrink)

The permanent struggle for optimisation can be seen as one of the most significant cultural principles of contemporary Western societies: the demand for improved performance and efficiency as well as the pursuit of self-improvement are con-sidered necessary in order to keep pace with an accelerated, competitive modern-ity. This affects not only work and education, but also family life, parent–child relationships and intimate relationships in respect to the body and the self, in regard to the public as well as the private (...) realm. Bringing together contributions from renowned scholars from the fields of sociology, psychology and psycho-analysis, this book explores the impacts of optimisation on culture and psyche, examining the contradictions and limitations of optimisation, in conjunction with the effects of social transformations on individuals and shifts in regard to the meaning of ‘pathology’ and ‘normality’. (shrink)

Discute a ação comunicativa como meio para reconstruir o entendimento da mediação da informação em relação à discussão da ideologia da técnica. Como método, apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa baseada em uma pesquisa bibliográfica. A mediação da informação é entendida como um fenômeno emancipatório, analisado da base técnica ao saber-fazer, com uma perspectiva crítica da teoria da ação comunicativa. O estudo confirmou elementos para uma compreensão dialógica entre a técnica e a ação comunicativa, o que pode permitir uma orientação com base (...) em pretensões de validade argumentativa para mediação de tarefas práticas. Considerar a crítica dos instrumentos da ideologia da técnica, para que os usuários não sejam condicionados a normas ou regras, sem uma representação da realidade social, onde as ideias estão dissociadas dos processos sociais. (shrink)

Las fuentes de energía no renovables (fósiles y nucleares) están doblemente limitadas, tanto por su finitud como por los perjuicios ecológicos y sociales que causan. Las fuentes de energía renovable tienen flujos en la biosfera muy grandes, sin embargo, los sistemas tecnológicos que las captan no son renovables y por tanto tienen limitaciones tecnológicas, ecológicas y sociales también. Aunque una buena parte de la literatura científica ha venido estimando que estos factores limitantes son pequeños frente a los políticos y económicos, (...) aquí se muestra que esta literatura ha venido sobreestimando la capacidad tecno-sostenible obtenible a lo largo del presente siglo, en buena medida por un tecno-optimismo implícito y una falta de pensamiento sistémico. Este potencial podría ser del orden de entre la mitad y la cuarta parte del uso actual de energía, lo que apunta, dada la necesaria transición hacia fuentes renovables por problemas ambientales, a un fuerte decrecimiento de la matriz energética que sostiene nuestras sociedades a escala global. (shrink)

El concepto de autoestima ha ido cambiando a lo largo de los tiempos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar como el uso de este constructo para la investigación en salud en Brasil contribuyó a su sistematización conceptual y aplicabilidad clínica. Se trata de un estúdio descriptivo de revisión de la literatura; en el que se llegó a la conclusión de que la medición de la autoestima resultó ser eficiente en la conducción de la investigación en salud con diferentes audiencias, que (...) varían en edad, la ocupación, la relación con los perfiles sociodemográficos y de salud-enfermedad.. A concepção sobre autoestima foi mutável no transcorrer das épocas. O presente estudo teve por finalidade analisar como a utilização desse constructo pelas pesquisas em saúde no Brasil, contribuiu para sua sistematização conceitual e aplicabilidade clínica. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de revisão teórica; no qualse concluiu que, por ter um aspecto mais avaliativo, a mensuração daautoestima mostrou-se bastante eficiente na condução de pesquisas em saúde com diferentes públicos, variando em faixa etária, ocupação, relação com variáveis sociodemográficas, e perfis de saúde-doença. The concept of self-esteem has changed throughout times. The objective of this study is analyzing how the use of this construct in health research in Brazil contributed to its conceptual systematization and clinical applicability. It is a descriptive study of bibliographic review which led to the conclusion that, by having another evaluation aspect, measuring self-esteem turned out to be very efficient in conducting the health research with different audiences that vary in age, occupation and the relation with sociodemographic and health-disease profiles. (shrink)

Resumen: En este trabajo, se observa la variación fonética del fonema oclusivo bilabial sonoro en el español no estándar en una muestra de hablantes chilenos de ocho ciudades, cuyas ubicaciones geográficas permiten cubrir los principales sectores urbanos del país. En los resultados se evidencia un marcado uso del alófono aproximante labiodental sonoro en este tipo de habla y un comportamiento relativamente homogéneo en todo el país respecto de las principales variantes del fonema oclusivo bilabial sonoro. La comparación del fonema oclusivo (...) bilabial sonoro entre el español no estándar y el estándar muestra marcadas diferencias, datos que sugieren un cambio lingüístico en proceso desde el alófono aproximante bilabial sonoro al alófono aproximante labiodental sonoro.: In this study, we observed the phonetic variation of voiced bilabial occlusive phoneme in non-standard Spanish in a sample of Chilean speakers from cities whose geographical locations allow to cover the main urban sectors of the country. The results that show a marked use of voiced labiodental approximant allophone in this type of speech an a relatively homogenous behaviour in the whole country of the main variants of the voiced bilabial occlusive phoneme are presented. The comparison of voiced bilabial occlusive phoneme between non-standard and standard Spanish shows clear differences, data that suggest a linguistic change in process from voiced bilabial approximant allophone to voiced labiodental approximant allophone. (shrink)

Escrito em 1703, no ano anterior à morte de John Locke, este breve ensaio nos fornece uma visão das concepções pedagógicas maduras de Locke, que de certa forma complementam aquilo que podemos depreender da leitura dos seus “Alguns Pensamentos sobre a Educação”, obra datada de 1693. Estritamente ancorado nas concepções empiristas de Locke, este último tratado se ocupa da educação da criança e de sua relação com os pais ou, alternativamente, os preceptores. O texto que o leitor tem em mãos, (...) por seu turno, destina-se a não a educadores de crianças mas ao homem – ou, mais precisamente, ao “cavalheiro” (gentleman) inglês sequioso de obter uma boa educação. De caráter eminentemente prático, os conselhos de Locke aqui não se baseiam fundamentalmente nas suas teorias epistemológicas mas antes na sua vasta experiência como um homem de cultura e um homem do mundo, bem versado nas artes da política e da diplomacia. Nunca é demais enfatizar que a contribuição de Locke para o sucesso da Revolução Gloriosa, de 1688, não foi puramente teórica. Locke participou da conspiração que depôs Jaime II e levou ao trono Guilherme de Orange. (shrink)

Atendendo ao chamado de Heidegger por “outro início”, desde o pensamento originário grego, são reconsideradas as noções de paideia e de arete. À paideia exaustivamente investigada por Werner Jaeger é imposta a interpretação do próprio Heidegger e de Danielle Montet. Enquanto a arete é reexaminada através de uma nova luz lançada pela obra de António Caeiro. Enfim, devidamente preparado pelo pensamento inusual destes pensadores sobre paideia e arete, se reabre o debate sobre a possibilidade ou não da virtude ser ensinada. (...) Concluímos com Sócrates que definitivamente ela não pode ser ensinada, não ao modo pretendido dos sofistas e dos “modernos” pensadores e educadores, mas que sim há certamente possibilidade de uma “paideia da arete”. (shrink)

Las características de la enseñanza universitaria actual hacen necesaria una constante búsqueda de innovaciones que permitan introducir mejoras en la misma. Este artículo pretende dar a conocer las principales metodologías y herramientas empleadas durante el curso 2021-2022 para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la asignatura de Historia Económica, del Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas, en la Universidad de Jaén. Se ha constatado que el empleo de nuevas metodologías alternativas a las tradicionales ha contribuido a mejorar significativamente la (...) comprensión de los contenidos, la adquisición y la evaluación de competencias relacionadas con la asignatura, obteniéndose resultados bastante satisfactorios. (shrink)