Results for 'Tadas Klimas'

263 found
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  1. G. Klima: Nulla virtus cognoscitiva circa proprium obiectum decipitur.Gyula Klima - manuscript
    Robert Pasnau’s paper presents a strong thesis, which it does not manage to substantiate. The thesis in question is that the Aristotelian doctrine of the identity of the knower and the known, as interpreted by St. Thomas, cannot possibly be used to fend off skepticism.
     
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  2. Induction of lucid dreams: A systematic review of evidence.Tadas Stumbrys, Daniel Erlacher, Melanie Schädlich & Michael Schredl - 2012 - Consciousness and Cognition 21 (3):1456-1475.
    In lucid dreams the dreamer is aware of dreaming and often able to influence the ongoing dream content. Lucid dreaming is a learnable skill and a variety of techniques is suggested for lucid dreaming induction. This systematic review evaluated the evidence for the effectiveness of induction techniques. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in biomedical databases and specific resources. Thirty-five studies were included in the analysis , of which 26 employed cognitive techniques, 11 external stimulation and one drug application. (...)
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  3. Medieval Philosophy: Essential Readings with Commentary.Gyula Klima, Fritz Allhoff & Anand Jayprakash Vaidya (eds.) - 2007 - Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
    This collection of readings with extensive editorial commentary brings together key texts of the most influential philosophers of the medieval era to provide a comprehensive introduction for students of philosophy. Features the writings of Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Boethius, John Duns Scotus and other leading medieval thinkers Features several new translations of key thinkers of the medieval era, including John Buridan and Averroes Readings are accompanied by expert commentary from the editors, who are leading scholars in the field.
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  4.  75
    John Buridan.Gyula Klima - 2009 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Buridan's life, works, and influence -- Buridan's logic and the medieval logical tradition -- The primacy of mental language -- The various kinds of concepts and the idea of a mental language -- Natural language and the idea of a formal syntax in Buridan -- Existential import and the square of opposition -- Ontological commitment -- The properties of terms (proprietates terminorum) -- The semantics of propositions -- Logical validity in a token-based, semantically closed logic -- The possibility of scientific (...)
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  5. Intentionality, Cognition, and Mental Representation in Medieval Philosophy.Gyula Klima (ed.) - 2015 - New York: Fordham University Press.
    It is supposed to be common knowledge about the history of ideas that one of the few medieval philosophical contributions preserved in modern philosophical thought is the idea that mental phenomena are distinguished from physical phenomena by their intentionality, their directedness toward some object. As is usually the case with such commonplaces about the history of ideas, this claim is not quite true. Medieval philosophers routinely described ordinary physical phenomena, such as reflections in mirrors or sounds in the air, as (...)
  6.  23
    Indian Philosophy in China.Tadas Snuviškis - 2020 - Dialogue and Universalism 30 (3):89-106.
    Daśapadārthī is a text of Indian philosophy and the Vaiśeṣika school only preserved in the Chinese translation made by Xuánzàng 玄奘 in 648 BC. The translation was included in the catalogs of East Asian Buddhist texts and subsequently in the East Asian Buddhist Canons despite clearly being not a Buddhist text. Daśapadārthī is almost unquestionably assumed to be written by a Vaiśeṣika 勝者 Huiyue 慧月 in Sanskrit reconstructed as Candramati or Maticandra. But is that the case? The author argues that (...)
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  7.  13
    Vaiśeṣikos realizmas versus budizmo fenomenalizmas Kinijos budistiniuose tekstuose.Tadas Snuviškis - 2020 - Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies and Art 103.
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  8.  59
    Aquinas on the Union of Body and Soul.Gyula Klima - 2020 - Quaestiones Disputatae 10 (2):31-52.
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  9.  59
    Universality and Immateriality.Gyula Klima - 2015 - Acta Philosophica 24 (1):31-42.
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  10.  10
    Questions on the soul by John Buridan and others.Gyula Klima (ed.) - 2017 - Berlin, Germany: Springer.
    This volume features essays that explore the insights of the 14th-century Parisian nominalist philosopher, John Buridan. It serves as a companion to the Latin text edition and annotated English translation of his question-commentary on Aristotle's On the Soul. The contributors survey Buridan's work both in its own historical-theoretical context and in relation to contemporary issues. The essays come in three main sections, which correspond to the three books of Buridan's Questions. Coverage first deals with the classification of the science of (...)
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  11.  42
    Language, ethnicity, and the nation-state: on Max Weber’s conception of “imagined linguistic community”.Mitsuhiro Tada - 2018 - Theory and Society 47 (4):437-466.
    Methodological nationalism in sociological theory is unfit for the current globalized era, and should be discarded. In light of this contention, the present article discusses Max Weber’s view of language as a way to relativize the frame of the national society. While a “linguistic turn” in sociology since the 1960s has assumed that the sharing of language—linguistic community—stands as an intersubjective foundation for understanding of meaning, Weber saw linguistic community as constructed. From Weber’s rationalist, subjectivist, individualist viewpoint, linguistic community was (...)
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  12.  28
    Atgaivinančioji rasa, arba A. Andrijausko žvilgsnis į tradicinę indų estetiką ir meną.Tadas Snuviškis - 2017 - Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies and Art 93:217-222.
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  13.  29
    Problem and paradigms: Somatic generation of a genetic polymorphism: Towards the solution of the I‐J Enigma.Tomio Tada & Yoshihiro Asano - 1986 - Bioessays 4 (6):283-285.
    I‐J has been regarded as a polymorphic genetic marker controlled by a locus in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) which is expressed only on functional T cells. However, this antigenic determinant has been found not to be directly encoded by the MHC gene per se but is somatically generated according to the MHC of the cellular environment during ontogeny. This explains the apparent linkage of I‐J to MHC, despite the failure to find the structural gene for I‐J within the MHC. (...)
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  14. Dvejopa machinacijos samprata heideggerio technikos filosofijoje.Čapanauskas Tadas - 2017 - Problemos 92:169-179.
    Straipsnyje nagrinėjama dvejopa machinacijos (Machenschaft) samprata Martino Heideg-gerio technikos filosofijoje. Pirmoji susijusi su Vakarų metafizikos destrukcija (Destruktion) ir jos kulmi-nacija reflektuojama moderniosios technikos plotmėje. Pirmiausiai machinaciją Heideggeris pristato kaip pačios Būties atsivėrimo būdą „pirmoje pradžioje“ (ersten Anfang). Machinacija lemia μετά judesio pamatą, nurodantį į nuolatinę transcendencijos aspiraciją bei „techninį“ esinių atvėrimo pobūdį, nors savo „pajėgumų“ prasme machinacija graikų metafizikoje dar glūdi implicitiškai. Eksplicitiškai machi-nacija pasirodo tik moderniojoje technikoje. Kiek kitokią machinacijos sampratą galime aptikti Heideg-gerio „Juoduosiuose sąsiuviniuose“ (Schwarze Hefte), rašytuose 1931–1938 (...)
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  15.  59
    (1 other version)Consequences of a closed, token-based semantics: the case of John Buridan.Gyula Klima - 2004 - History and Philosophy of Logic 25 (2):95-110.
    This paper argues for two principal conclusions about natural language semantics based on John Buridan's considerations concerning the notion of formal consequence, that is, formally valid inference. (1) Natural languages are essentially semantically closed, yet they do not have to be on that account inconsistent. (2) Natural language semantics has to be token based, as a matter of principle. The paper investigates the Buridanian considerations leading to these conclusions, and considers some obviously emerging objections to the Buridanian approach.
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  16. Three Myths of Intentionality Versus Some Medieval Philosophers.Gyula Klima - 2013 - International Journal of Philosophical Studies 21 (3):359-376.
    This paper argues that three characteristic modern positions concerning intentionality – namely, (1) that intentionality is ‘the mark of the mental’; (2) that intentionality concerns a specific type of objects having intentional inexistence; and (3) that intentionality somehow defies logic – are just three ‘modern myths’ that medieval philosophers, from whom the modern notion supposedly originated, would definitely reject.
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  17. Aquinas on the materiality of the human soul and the immateriality of the human intellect.Gyula Klima - 2009 - Philosophical Investigations 32 (2):163-182.
    This paper argues that Aquinas's conception of the human soul and intellect offers a consistent alternative to the dilemma of materialism and post-Cartesian dualism. It also argues that in their own theoretical context, Aquinas' arguments for the materiality of the human soul and immateriality of the intellect provide a strong justification of his position. However, that theoretical context is rather "alien" to ours in contemporary philosophy. The conclusion of the paper will point in the direction of what can be done (...)
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  18.  16
    Introduction.Gyula Klima - 2015 - In Intentionality, Cognition, and Mental Representation in Medieval Philosophy. New York: Fordham University Press. pp. 1-8.
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  19.  16
    The Metaphysics of Habits in Buridan.Gyula Klima - 2018 - In Nicolas Faucher & Magali Roques, The Ontology, Psychology and Axiology of Habits (Habitus) in Medieval Philosophy. Cham: Springer. pp. 321-331.
    This paper presents John Buridan’s nominalist ontology of habits, as the acquired qualities of innate powers aiding or hampering their operations, against the background of a more traditional interpretation of Aristotle’s doctrine to be found in Boethius, Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas, and Cajetan. The paper argues that considerations of his late question commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics may have forced Buridan to rethink some of his earlier arguments for his parsimonious nominalist ontology of powers endorsed in such earlier works (...)
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  20.  71
    Aquinas’s Real Distinction and Its Role in a Causal Proof of God’s Existence.Gyula Klima - 2019 - Roczniki Filozoficzne 67 (4):7-26.
    This paper is not going to offer any criticism of the way Gaven Kerr treats Aquinas’ argument. Instead, it offers an alternative way of reconstructing Aquinas’ argument, intending to strengthen especially those controversial aspects of it that Kerr’s reconstruction left untreated or in relative obscurity. Accordingly, although the paper’s treatment will have to have some overlaps with Kerr’s, it will deal with issues essential to adequate replies to certain competent criticisms of his argument untreated by Kerr. For the sake of (...)
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  21. Įrankio ir technikos santykio problema Heideggerio technikos filosofijoje.Tadas Čapanauskas - 2019 - Problemos 95:22-32.
    Straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti įrankio (Zeug) ir technikos (Technik) skirtumą M. Heideggerio technikos filosofijoje. Analizuojami skirtumai nurodo pasaulio konstitucijos problematiką. Dasein santykį su įrankiu M. Heideggeris pristatė kaip parankų (Zuhandenheit), o štai santykį su technika įvardijo priešingai. Technika, kylanti iš gamtos mokslų, susaistytų machinacija (Machenschaft), filosofo pristatoma kaip Dasein kūrybines galias nuostatyne (Gestell) slopinanti terpė. Straipsnyje atskleidžiama dvejopa problematika. Pirma, parodomi įrankio ir technikos ontologiniai skirtumai. Antra, atskleidžiamas nuostatyno ontologijos ambivalentiškumas. Nuostatynas M. Heideggeriui nėra tik techniškai orientuoto pasaulio užvaldymo mechanizmas, (...)
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  22.  76
    Testing the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in lucid dreaming: A tDCS study.Tadas Stumbrys, Daniel Erlacher & Michael Schredl - 2013 - Consciousness and Cognition 22 (4):1214-1222.
    Recent studies suggest that lucid dreaming might be associated with increased brain activity over frontal regions during rapid eye movement sleep. By applying transcranial direct current stimulation , we aimed to manipulate the activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during REM sleep to increase dream lucidity. Nineteen participants spent three consecutive nights in a sleep laboratory. On the second and third nights they randomly received either 1 mA tDCS for 10 min or sham stimulation during each REM period starting with (...)
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  23. Natural necessity and eucharistic theology in the late 13th century.Gyula Klima - manuscript
    cannot, cover the broad topic indicated in the title. Rather, it will concern itself only with some preliminary ideas leading the way to a larger project, which, however, should eventually bear an even broader title. As a matter of fact, here I will consider at some length only two authors from the beginning of the period indicated in the title, namely, Aquinas and Siger of Brabant. (Or perhaps three authors, provided the anonymous author of the..
     
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  24. PHRU 1000-006/010 philosophy of human nature.Gyula Klima - unknown
    This course covers paradigmatic accounts of human nature in ancient, medieval, and early modern philosophy, through a careful reading of selected primary texts and contemporary commentary. Major topics will include knowledge and opinion; body and soul; immortality, rationality, and freedom of the will; created being and goodness as emanations of divine perfection. The main focus of the discussions will be on the metaphysical foundations of moral value in the pre-modern tradition, and the conceptual changes shaking these metaphysical foundations with the (...)
     
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  25.  2
    Svět jako vědomí a nic.Ladislav Klíma - 1900 - Czechoslovakia: Súvislosti.
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  26. Yale lectures.Gyula Klima - manuscript
    The lectures presented here are the by-product of my teaching in Yale's Directed Studies program from 1991 through 1993 (hence the title, for want of a better). In fact, being what they are, lecture notes for an introductory philosophy course, they present rather elementary material. Yet, I flatter myself, they do not lack certain originality in the treatment of some of the basic questions of traditional metaphysics and epistemology. In any case, over the past couple of years they proved to (...)
     
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  27. How the church can protect the dignity of the most vulnerable among us.Joni Eareckson Tada - 2019 - In David S. Dockery & John Stonestreet, Life, marriage, and religious liberty: what belongs to God, what belongs to Caesar. New York, NY: Fidelis Books.
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  28.  7
    Ishoku no kokugakusha Fujitani Mitsue no shōgai.Junten Tada - 1990 - Kyōto-shi: Shibunkaku Shuppan.
  29.  14
    What Does the Gospel Have to Say to Disabled Persons?Joni Eareckson Tada - 1990 - Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 7 (1):20-23.
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  30.  91
    Geach's Three Most Inspiring Errors Concerning Medieval Logic.Gyula Klima - 2014 - Philosophical Investigations 38 (1-2):34-51.
    This paper analyses the import of three claims extracted from Geach's works concerning theories of predication and the reference of common terms, the notions of being or existence, and the force/content distinction and theories of valid inference, respectively. The paper highlights the theoretical and historical errors involved in these claims as well as their enormous influence and inspiration in the field of the philosophical study of medieval logic and metaphysics.
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  31.  90
    Aquinas’ Theory of the Copula and the Analogy of Being.Gyula Klima - 2002 - History of Philosophy & Logical Analysis 5 (1):159-176.
    This paper primarily aims to provide a coherent interpretation of several, apparently conflicting claims made by Aquinas concerning the semantic function of the copula. The paper also argues that these claims can properly be understood only if they are interpreted as forming a coherent part of Aquinas' larger theory of the analogy of being. The Appendix sketches a model theoretical semantics for the reconstruction of Aquinas' relevant ideas, providing the technical means for setting apart the various senses of the verb (...)
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  32.  52
    Aquinas’ Balancing Act.Gyula Klima - 2018 - Bochumer Philosophisches Jahrbuch Fur Antike Und Mittelalter 21 (1):29-48.
    In this paper, I will primarily argue for the consistency of Aquinas’ conception, according to which the human soul, uniquely in God’s creation, is both the inherent, material, substantial form of the human body, and the subsistent immaterial substance underlying the immaterial operations of its immaterial, rational powers, namely, intellect and will. In this discussion, I will point out that typical challenges to Aquinas’ conception usually rely on semantic or ontological assumptions that can plausibly be denied in Aquinas’ own conceptual (...)
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  33. Latin as a Formal Language.G. Klima - 1991 - Cahiers de l'Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec Et Latin 61:78-106.
    An attempt at a Montague-style reconstruction of the semantics of Buridan's logic on a regimented fragment of Latin.
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  34.  37
    John Buridan’s Questions on Aristotle’s De Anima – Iohannis Buridani Quaestiones in Aristotelis De Anima.Gyula Klima, Peter G. Sobol, Peter Hartman & Jack Zupko - 2023 - Springer Verlag.
    This book provides the Latin text and its annotated English translation of the question-commentary of John Buridan (ca. 1300-1360) on Aristotle’s “On the Soul”. Buridan was the most influential Parisian nominalist philosopher of his time. His work speaks across centuries to our modern concerns in the philosophy of mind. This volume completes the project of a volume published earlier in the same series: “Questions on the Soul by John Buridan and Others”. An appealing book for scholars of Aristotle and those (...)
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  35.  10
    (1 other version)John Buridan.Gyula Klima - 2003 - In Jorge J. E. Gracia & Timothy B. Noone, A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 340–348.
    This chapter contains sections titled: Logic Metaphysics and physics Ethics.
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  36.  14
    (1 other version)Thomas of Sutton on the Nature of the Intellective Soul and the Thomistic Theory of Being.Gyula Klima - 2001 - In Jan A. Aertsen, Kent Emery & Andreas Speer, Nach der Verurteilung von 1277 / After the Condemnation of 1277: Philosophie und Theologie an der Universität von Paris im letzten Viertel des 13. Jahrhunderts. Studien und Texte / Philosophy and Theology at the University of Paris in the Last Quarter of. De Gruyter. pp. 436-455.
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  37. Shōchō shugi kōdō shugi.Michitarō Tada (ed.) - 1957 - Kyōto-shi: Sanichi Shobō.
     
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  38. Existence and reference in medieval logic.Gyula Klima - manuscript
    “The expression ‘free logic’ is an abbreviation for the phrase ‘free of existence assumptions with respect to its terms, general and singular’.”1 Classical quantification theory is not a free logic in this sense, as its standard formulations commonly assume that every singular term in every model is assigned a referent, an element of the universe of discourse. Indeed, since singular terms include not only singular constants, but also variables2, standard quantification theory may be regarded as involving even the assumption of (...)
     
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  39. The medieval problem of universals.Gyula Klima - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    “The problem of universals” in general is a historically variable bundle of several closely related, yet in different conceptual frameworks rather differently articulated metaphysical, logical, and epistemological questions, ultimately all connected to the issue of how universal cognition of singular things is possible. How do we know, for example, that the Pythagorean theorem holds universally, for all possible right triangles? Indeed, how can we have any awareness of a potential infinity of all possible right triangles, given that we could only (...)
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  40. Thomistic “Monism” vs. Cartesian “Dualism”.Gyula Klima - 2007 - History of Philosophy & Logical Analysis 10 (1):92-112.
    This paper contrasts the Thomistic and Cartesian interpretations of what the substantial unity of the body and mind can consist in. A detailed discussion of the Thomistic account of the substantial unity of body and soul identifies especially those principles of the presupposed hylomorphist metaphysical background of this account that Descartes abandoned. After arguing for the consistency of the Thomistic view, briefly outlines how certain developments in late-medieval scholasticism prepared the way for the abandonment of precisely these principles. Finally, the (...)
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  41.  5
    (1 other version)Indifference vs. Universality of Mental Representation in Ockham, Buridan, and Aquinas.Gyula Klima - 2010 - Quaestio 10:99-110.
    This paper argues in the first place that nominalists (such as Ockham and Buridan) are right in insisting against ontological realists (such as Plato or Scotus) that semantic universality (the property of universally representing symbols as such) does not require commitment to universal entities. However, Ockham, in his zeal to get rid of Scotus’s universal entities, swept under the carpet the issue of universal representational content of genuinely universal symbols, conflating it with the mere indifference of the information content of (...)
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  42.  15
    Aquinas’ Solution of the Problem of the Persistence of Accidents in the Eucharist and Its Impact on Later Developments in the European History of Ideas.Gyula Klima - 2023 - In The Metaphysics and Theology of the Eucharist: A Historical-Analytical Survey of the Problems of the Sacrament. Springer Verlag. pp. 199-212.
    This chapter focuses on how Aquinas’ solution of the problem of the persistence of eucharistic species and other scholastics’ reactions to it opened up certain conceptual possibilities in the Scholastic Aristotelian tradition that would not have been there without it, and which, therefore, were pointing the way toward later conceptual developments in the post-medieval and early modern philosophical traditions in logic, and metaphysics.
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  43. Medieval Themes, Medieval and Modern Volume 11: Proceedings of the Society for Medieval Logic and Metaphysics.Gyula Klima & Alexander Hall (eds.) - 2014 - Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
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  44.  56
    Ontological Reduction by Logical Analysis and the Primitive Vocabulary of Mentalese.Gyula Klima - 2012 - American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 86 (3):403-414.
    This paper confronts a certain modern view of the relation between semantics and ontology with that of the late-medieval nominalist philosophers, William Ockham and John Buridan. The modern view in question is characterized in terms of what is called here “the thesis of onto-semantic parallelism,” which states that the primitive (indefinable) categorematic concepts of our semantics mark out the primary entities in reality. The paper argues that, despite some apparently plausible misinterpretations to the contrary, the late-medieval nominalist program of “ontological (...)
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  45.  19
    Poetry and song in a language without sound.Edward S. Klima & Ursula Bellugi - 1976 - Cognition 4 (1):45-97.
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  46.  8
    Peter of Spain.Gyula Klima - 2003 - In Jorge J. E. Gracia & Timothy B. Noone, A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 526–531.
    This chapter contains sections titled: The author of the Summulae The Summulae and the realism of Peter of Spain.
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  47.  50
    The Metaphysics and Theology of the Eucharist: A Historical-Analytical Survey of the Problems of the Sacrament.Gyula Klima (ed.) - 2023 - Springer Verlag.
    This volume is about the most mind-boggling sacrament of the Christian faith, also referred to as the Sacrament of the Altar, the Eucharist: in its Roman Catholic interpretation, the conversion of the substance of the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ for Holy Communion. The challenge of providing a rational interpretation of this doctrine of faith proved to be one of the most contentious issues in the Western history of ideas, apparently going against self-evident metaphysical principles (...)
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  48.  8
    (1 other version)Thomas of Sutton.Gyula Klima - 2003 - In Jorge J. E. Gracia & Timothy B. Noone, A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 664–665.
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  49.  20
    The Unexpected Merits of Oppression.Ivan Klima - 1990 - Cardozo Studies in Law and Literature 2 (1):37-42.
  50.  40
    The European Cultural Tradition and the Limits of Growth.Ivan Klíma - 1993 - Philosophy and Literature 17 (1):77-83.
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