At the end of the 20th century, a discipline of Buddhist ethics was formed in English-speaking countries, within the framework of which a community of closely interacting researchers is engaged in the comprehension and systematization of ethical positions within Buddhism, often resorting to the use of analytical philosophy tools. One of the directions within the discipline of Buddhist ethics is an attempt to embed the ethical content of Buddhism in a contemporary Western European philosophical context and to put before it (...) questions characteristic of Western philosophy, for example, the questions of moral responsibility, free will and determinism. While some researchers believe that Buddhist texts reflect a compatibilist position, others see Buddhist ethical position as resembling incompatibilism. The first problem faced by Buddhist researchers interested in this topic is that Buddhism does not have a concept of “free will” similar to the one that exists in Western philosophy. Nevertheless, contemporary theorists believe that classical Buddhism contains enough material to allow for a conversation about causality and responsibility. The purpose of this research is to substantiate the possibility of discussing free will in the context of the ethics of Buddhism. In order to do this the research examines the key provisions of Buddhist teaching relevant in the context of free will: dependent arising, absence of self and karma. It is noted that one of the reasons for the difference in the conclusions of researchers of Buddhist ethics regarding the issue of free will and moral responsibility in Buddhism are the peculiarities of Theravada and Mahayana and their particular texts different theorists mainly refer to. (shrink)

The main subject of the study is the criticism of Aristotelian categorical system proposed by Plotinus. Treatises VI 1-3 focus on the problem of the possibility of thought within particular system of categories. Plotinus identifies categories with the kinds of being, being based on the tradition of such identification originated in the Plato’s “Sophist”. In some texts Aristotle himself speaks of categories as the kinds of being. The article is divided into two main parts. The first part is about Aristotle’s (...) position. I discuss the following questions: 1) what does the common name “being” mean; 2) why may the categories be the kinds of being and why should the substance be the first among the categories; 3) how are the substance and other categories related? The second part is about Plotinus’ criticism. Plotinus asserts 1) that not the substance, but being is the subject matter of the first philosophy, 2) that ten categories are not equally applicable to the intelligible world and to the world of sense, and 3) that the substance has two different meanings with respect to these worlds, and therefore the substance can’t be one kind, which includes the corporeal and incorporeal substances. (shrink)

This article addresses the issue of music in the works of Osip Mandelstam. Based on works of both Russian and international scholars, the author examines the markers for music as philosophy in Mand...

The research is devoted to the ethical views of Vladimir Monomakh, reflected in the “Teaching” of the Grand Duke. The author’s reflections concerning such fundamental moral categories as good and evil, virtue and vice, the meaning of life and death, free will, duty, happiness are considered and analyzed. A partial continuity of the Grand Duke’s views concerning the relationship to the categories of good and evil, as well as virtue and vice, with the Byzantine Christian tradition, in particular with regard (...) to the “theory of three small deeds”, which is based on the theory of repentance of John Chrysostom, and the theory of “asceticism in the world”, based on the writings of Basil the Great. It is revealed that the ethical views of the Grand Duke do not fit into the strict paradigm of Christian medieval philosophy and theology. In this regard, the author of the article draws attention to the syncretic nature of the worldview of the author of the “Teaching”, expressed in a kind of worldview combining Christian and pre-Christian beliefs. In this vein, the specific understanding of the problems of the meaning of life, death, happiness by Vladimir Monomakh is analyzed, which is revealed when considering the peculiar attitude of the author of the “Teaching” to the sacred rites of prayer and burial. The author’s views on the category of duty in the universal and state terms, as well as the principles of practical behavior, are studied. According to the results of the research, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that the work of the Grand Duke is an ethical “micro-treatise”, the ideological content of which fully reflects the moral concept of the existence of the ancient Rus-sian man. (shrink)

Victor Kozlovskyi. Kantova antropolohiia. Dzherela. Konsteliatsii. Modeli. 2nd ed. Kyiv: Duh i Litera, 2023.

Straipsnyje analizuojama japonų kilmės etninės mažumos grupės identiteto formavimo raida ir atskleidžiami integracijos iššūkiai Brazilijos visuomenėje. Nikėjų bendruomenė yra viena iš didžiausių etninės mažumos grupių Brazilijoje bei didžiausia japonų kilmės bendruomenė už Japonijos teritorijos ribų. Pabėgėlių krizės akivaizdoje analizuoti kontrastingų kultūrų grupių susidūrimą ir bandymą koegzistuoti toje pačioje erdvėje yra iššūkis ir kartu pagalba formuoti nuomonę šia tema tyrėjams, pareigūnams ar eiliniams žmonėms. Straipsnio pabaigoje suvoksime, kad, nepaisant dabar vyraujančių teigiamų išankstinių nuostatų vienas kitam, išlieka „mes“ ir „jie“ suvokimai. Jie (...) kyla dėl iš dalies japonų kilmės bendruomenių narių, turinčių norą išsiskirti ir išlaikyti savo statusą, taip pat dėl vietinių gyventojų daugumos teigiamos diskriminacijos ir, galiausiai, dėl aiškių išskiriančių fizinių bruožų. (shrink)

The article analyzes the cultural foundations of personality in the sport, which tempers the person both physically and spiritually; justified that in the context of philosophical and anthropological analysis of sport acts as a process of appropriation inherent powers of man; proved that anthropological examination of the world of sports is the completion of the process of objectification, that acts as a kind of self-reflection man is directed to the formation of integrity; clarified the issue of sexual dimorphism underlying sociocultural (...) differences in male and female sports. (shrink)

The essence of metaphysical foundations of sport, meaning the collection of the most favorable conditions for solving the objectives, based on optimum life and theoretical foundation of the concept of sport as being optimum, its conceptual and categorical apparatus; Posted interpretation of metaphysics in the context of its development history of philosophical thought and analyzed the sport as a cultural phenomenon that is designed to convert natural human body in its cultural and executed physicality; The conditions under which the processes (...) of socialization in sport and through sport; reveals the conditions under which sport takes a phenomenon and lyudynovymirne and conditions that contribute to the violation human dimension. (shrink)

The urgency of the research is the concept of sports culture, which is formed in the conditions of globalization with the usage of domestic and foreign experience which is analyzed. The concept of sport is seen as expression of the generic nature of a man that is reduced to a physical and spiritual perfection of man, the harmony of the soul with the inner essence of a man. Formulation of the task - the article focuses on the development of sports (...) culture in the conditions of globalization, which acts as an integral part of global culture and acts as an influential force capable of consolidating society. Sports are an important element of culture and one of the most widespread activities. Sport is claimed as a social, cultural and economic phenomenon of a globalized society. This type of society requires the development of the concept of sports culture and its implementation in the cultural practice of sports management. The analysis of recent research and publications. We rely on authors who investigated sport as a phenomenon that acts as a factor in the formation and development of personality. The problem of self-determination of a sports personality as a philosophical problem is considered in the philosophical works of V. Bilohur, N. Vizitey, R. Robertson, I. Walsall's, E. Giddens, M. Kastesels, U. Beka. Isolation of unexplored parts of the general problem - conceptualization of the concept of sports culture. At the core of the study is the conceptualization of the basic sports circuits in the system of interdisciplinary space as a factor for the formation of a tempered and integral sports personality. Methodology - the use of approaches, in particular anthropologic, ontological and art-therapeutic, which allowed considering sport as an important economic, social and cultural phenomenon, aimed at developing the concept of sports culture. Presenting main material. The place and role of the concept of sports culture as a new scientific direction and discipline of the culture of sports management are analyzed. At the heart of the culture of sports management - the development of a sports man, the use of humanistic and cultural foundations for the formation of a holistic concept of sports culture. The place and role of sports culture in the conditions of globalization in the context of domestic and foreign experience for the affirmation and development of the human organism, which predetermine the formation of a sports person, is explored. It is revealed that the concept of sports culture forms a model for expanding the influence of sport on all spheres of society's life in a globalizing environment, which contributes to the unification of mankind. The essence of sport as the main determinant of influence on the development of the culture of sports personality is revealed. Conclusions - the concept of sport in the context of sports culture in the conditions of globalization, based on which the affirmation of the cultivation of the culture of the soul, body and spirit, is revealed. (shrink)

The urgency of this topic is determined by formation and development processes of a person who is inclined to change and grow in conditions of globalization that requires modern conceptualization of personality as a human potential identification factor. The purpose of scientific research - the conceptualization of the formation and development of personality, geared to change and growth. Objectives of the research: using the methodology of system analysis, to form new theory of formation and personal development, geared to change and (...) growth. This goal is realized in the following tasks: to analyze the methods of studying the formation and development of attributes of the individual, geared to change and growth; to identify the main characteristics of the personality, demonstrating willingness to change and growth. An analysis of recent research and publications, which launched the solution to this problem. The article uses both classical works and modern works of philosophers, which are based on the problems facing the developed world today. The scientific novelty of the research is an identification of interaction problems of a man, society, nature, aimed at the formation and development of personality, geared to change and growth. Results of the research: it is disclosed that is a model of the attributes of personality structure which systems it includes; the social phenomenon of formation and development of personality attributes, adjusted changes and growth, which contributes to transformation into a full-fledged subject of subject-transforming and cultural-historical activity, is substantiated; conditions of the person existence which it is adjusted for changes and growth are determined; the model of formation and development of personality attributes, adjusted for changes and growth, has been formed. For people who are targeted for growth, time is needed in order for their potential to flourish, so development and growth are interconnected and complementary. Conclusion - the basis of the study - the formation and development of the theory of personality, geared to change and growth in the context of theoretical and philosophical and cultural fundamentals. (shrink)

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that in modern conditions globalization acts as the main trend in the development of the modern world; this is noted at the Davos forum in 2019. Development of all spheres of society, the state and the person - from politics, economics - to sports and gender equality. The problem of the research - globalization in sport - is transformation of sport into a global phenomenon, universal in nature, which has significant impact (...) on all aspects of society. Therefore, the scope of dispute and sports culture act as an object of scientific research. Sport stimulates and forms social and cultural reflection on a world scale, reviving the idea of interdependence of humankind in sport and through sport. Unity is formed due to a variety of factors, including a network of communication technologies of financial, political and cultural interdependencies, new cultural forms of interaction that give impetus to sports interactions, forming a single global market for goods, services, behavioral standards, models of sociality, formation of modern values achieving sports success. Problem of globalization in sports is associated with Eurocentric’s, based on formation of European values of sports, sports culture and sports success, and in general sports management. The object of the research is sports management as a condition for the development of sports culture in the context of globalization 4.0. The objectives of the research are to analyze new trends in the global mankind development that influence sports development and culture, contribute to self-fulfillment of a person from the physical and spiritual side as a priority of creative person. Methods - analysis and synthesis, abstraction, cross-cultural analysis, logical and historical, comparative analysis contribute the penetration into complex phenomena and processes of modern reality associated with sports in context of globalization. Results. Globalization is changing usual way people in sports, along with many advantages, has number of negative, painful problems associated with overt commercialization. Globalization has entered single microsystem structure as a process of integration and economic exchange; global artifacts are present in sports management, to extent that sport is institutionalized on the scale of global sports communities. The form of sports globalization refers to specific way that structuring problems of sports take place and their transfer to the globalization level of problem solving, that is, global and local integration takes place. Conclusion. Globalization means increase in available methods of organizing sport events, which requires formation of sports concept management - transnational, international, interregional, macro-rational, regional municipal, local organizations require improvement of sports management. This ladder of administrative levels is cut through the functional networks of corporations, international organizations and non-governmental organizations, as well as number of professional international organizations. Internationalization of sports is being determined by globalization. (shrink)

Požiūriai į Lietuvos narystę Europos Bendrijoje (vėliau – Europos Sąjungoje) empiriškai buvo pradėti tirti jau pirmosiose reprezentatyviose visuomenės nuomonės apklausose. Vienas iš pirmųjų, jau 1991 m., šią temą nagrinėjo Viešosios nuomonės tyrimų centras prie Lietuvos mokslų akademijos Filosofijos, sociologijos ir teisės instituto. Nuo to laiko atlikta daug reprezentatyvių tyrimų, keitėsi požiūriai į narystę, kito pritarimo ar nepritarimo narystei motyvai, tematinis diskursas, temos aktualumas visuomenėje. Šiame straipsnyje ir siekiama apžvelgti dinaminius požiūrio į narystę aspektus. Parodoma, kad po itin palankaus narystės palaikymo (...) prieš 25-erius metus prasidėjo skepticizmo periodas, kuris vėliau peraugo į entuziastingą pritarimą narystei. Paskutinieji tyrimai taip pat rodo aukštą narystės palaikymo lygį. Šis palaikymas prieš euroreferendumą buvo nulemtas ne tiek tikėjimosi konkrečios naudos sau, kiek vilties, kad bus geriau vaikams, Lietuvai apskritai. Tai viena iš priežasčių, kodėl vėliau nebuvo fiksuojamas nusivylimas naryste. Pasisakantys už narystę Europos Sąjungoje ir anksčiau, ir dabar yra jaunesni, labiau išsilavinę, kvalifikuoti, didžiųjų miestų gyventojai. Straipsnis parengtas įgyvendinant Lietuvos mokslo tarybos finansuotą projektą „ES valstybių narių elitų ir gyventojų požiūrių į ES raida (2004–2018)“. Sutarties Nr. MIP-025/2015. (shrink)

This article analyzes the change in interpretation of the principles of freedom and equality in liberal thought in Russian in the early twentieth century. From the classical negative understanding...

Interview of Vlada Anuchina, Yana Dziuba and Yana Gorobenko with Yevhen Prychepii.

Interview of Vlada Anuchina, Yana Dziuba and Yana Gorobenko with Yevhen Prychepii.

Interview of Vlada Anuchina, Yana Dziuba and Yana Gorobenko with Yevhen Prychepii.

Interview of Vlada Anuchina, Yana Dziuba and Yana Gorobenko with Yevhen Prychepii.

The article presents a comparison of the interpretations of Edmund Husserl’s early philosophy, created in different local contexts: ones by Polish researchers (Kazimir Tvardovsky, Jan Luka sevich, Vladyslav Tatarkevych, Roman Ingarden, Aleksander Rozenblum-Augustowski) in the period 1895-1945, and Ukrainian philosopher Volodymyr Yurynets. This comparison takes place against the background of considering the differences in the conditions of the development of philosophy in pre-war and interwar Poland and the USSR. The author demonstrates the similarity of the readings of Husserl’s phenomenology by (...) Polish researchers and Yurynets and proves that the similarity between them is not only in the thematic focus of criticism of phenomenological philosophy, but also in its validity and level. In addition, the author offers an approach to the study of Yurynets’ figure and work, based on considering him primarily as a representative of Western intellectual culture. In particular, the possibility of considering Yurynets ‘ objections to Husserl’s project of phenomenological philosophy not as determined by ideological dictates, but as symptomatic of the European intellectual culture of the beginning of the 20th century is substantiated. Both Yurynets and the Polish phenomenological movement criticize phenomenology for its lack of coherence, and it is about both the internal coherence of phenomenological philosophy and its coherence with contemporary sciences. Particular attention is paid to the role of Yurynets in the history of Ukrainian studies of phenomenological philosophy in the context of the discussion about the origins of phenomenological studies in Ukraine.The author considers the investigations of the phenomenological movement in Poland to be fruitful for modern studies of phenomenological philosophy in Ukraine - a phenomenon that had a significant impact on the development of a wide range of humanitarian disciplines in Europe in the 20th-21st centuries and which has direct intersections and common personalities with Ukrainian philosophy. The same seems promising for other European local traditions. (shrink)

The article presents literary, sociological and cultural points of view on the problem of the literary canon, describes the mechanisms of canonization and defines the boundaries of the Russian classics. The author discovers a connection between the texts claiming the status of the canonical hierarchy and the question of ethnicity. The article establishes that the construction of both a national self-portrait and the image of a foreigner (the Other) are the most important functions of the classical canon. The object of (...) this research is a unified discursive field of Russian classical literature. The subject is the generalized image of the German that forms in this field. The author, resorting references to current research practices of discourse analysis, establishes that the portrait of a German is based on such conceptual categories as: 1) the connection with the soil and nature, 2) the connection with roots, 3) reliance on reality and "mundanity", 4) planning, 5) positivism and subordination, 6) perception of life as a mechanism. The construction of the Other creates an opposition to the "Russian" in the structure of the classical text and builds a series of binary pairs: heredity / freedom, stability on the ground / ability to jump, clear planning / dreaminess, legalism / Paschality, self-aggrandizement / self-abasement, godlessness / Orthodoxy. The article reveals that the German hero acts as a constituent of the Other, provoking self-determination and self-identification. (shrink)

The purpose of the study is to analyze the phenomenon of communicative barriers in the context of phenomenological and hermeneutic representations, to identify the main semantic causes of the formation of conflict barriers inherent in the communicative consciousness. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the phenomenon of communicative barriers is considered in the context of the ontological foundations of communication interaction, the semantic aspects of the barriers of misunderstanding, their role in the historical and social (...) development of consciousness are analyzed. The combination of phenomenological and hermeneutic approaches creates justifications for revealing the causal - target orientation of communication dynamics. In this regard, the dialectical essence of communication barriers is pointed out. As a result, the conclusion is made about the creative role of communicative barriers in the development of human consciousness, culture and social existence. (shrink)

The article reveals the problems of listening comprehension in a foreign-language audience, in particular, by students who are non-native speakers. The theoretical part is a brief characteristic of listening as a type of speech activity: the content of the term, its internal components – the psychophysiological mechanisms involved, the difficulties associated with them. In the practical part the authors of the article demonstrate exercises from the purposefully developed lesson on the removal of difficulties in the perception of sounding speech in (...) non-native speakers children of middle school age, consisting in the systematic development of mechanisms of listening comprehension. Based on the analysis of the experimental lesson, solutions for systematic and consistent work in the classes within the additional remedial course in the Russian language in order to prevent errors and difficulties, as well as to facilitate the process of listening comprehension are proposed. (shrink)

Straipsnyje analizuojama visuomenės nuomonė kaip institucija, jos tyrimo ypatumai dabartiniu laikotarpiu. Pateikiama visuomenės nuomonės tyrimų Lietuvoje per dvidešimt metų periodizacija – pagal visuomenės nuomonės reikšmę, tyrimų tematiką iš viso išskiriami septyni periodai. Ši subjektyvi klasifikacija yra paremta straipsnio autoriaus praktine patirtimi visuomenės nuomonės tyrimų srityje. Aptariamos visuomenės nuomonės tyrimų funkcijos, pagrindiniai šių tyrimų kritikos tipai. Trumpai apžvelgiama apklausų rezultatų publikavimo laisvė pasaulyje, visuomenės nuomonės tyrimų globalizacija. Analizuojami per dvidešimt metų įvykę tyrimų metodikos pasikeitimai.

Interview of Vlada Davidenko, Ryenat Shvets, Sofia Bryl with Leonid Finberg.

Interview of Vlada Davidenko, Ryenat Shvets, Sofia Bryl with Leonid Finberg.

The rapid and unplanned change to teaching and learning in the online format brought by COVID-19 has likely impacted many, if not all, aspects of university students' lives worldwide. To contribute to the investigation of this change, this study focuses on the impact of the pandemic on student well-being, which has been found to be as important to student lifelong success as their academic achievement. Student well-being has been linked to their engagement and performance in curricular, co-curricular, and extracurricular activities, (...) intrinsic motivation, satisfaction, meaning making, and mental health. The purpose of this study was to examine how student perceptions of their degree completion and future job prospects during the pandemic impact their well-being and what role university support plays in this relationship. We used the conservation of resources theory to frame our study and to develop five hypotheses that were later tested via structural equation modeling. Data were collected from 2,707 university students in France, Germany, Russia, and UK via an online survey. The results showed that university support provided by instructors and administration plays a mediating role in the relationship between the perceived impact of COVID-19 on degree completion and future job prospects and levels of student well-being. Student well-being is decreased by their concerns for their degree completion but not by their concerns for future job prospects. In turn, concerns for future job prospects affect student well-being over time. These results suggest that in a “new normal,” universities could increase student well-being by making support to student studies a priority, especially for undergraduates. Also, universities should be aware of the students' changing emotional responses to crisis and ensure visibility and accessibility of student support. (shrink)

Today, the dialogue is regarded as a basis for cultural being, while the dialogue of cultures has become a key notion in modern philosophical thinking. The concept of dialogue has been transformed over the past century, acquiring new meanings and changing its internal content from understanding it as an ordinary exchange of information to a complex creative interaction and mutual influence of different cultural and value consciousnesses. Not only different personalities, but entire ethnoses, cultures, and civilizations may become subjects of (...) the dialogue, thus increasing the dialogue functionality up to the means of developing inter-cultural, inter-ethnic and inter-civilizational relations and accentuating commonality of the global historic process and cultural heritage of mankind. Appearing as a form of interpersonal relations in the ontology of M. Buber, who was one of the first to focus on the transition of relations from "subject-object" to "subject-subject", the concept of "dialogue" has become an important philosophical concept throughout the mid-XX century. Brand new turn of development of the theory of dialogue, and the entire human culture in General, was due to the concept of Semiosphere Yu.М. Lotman. The article deals with genesis of the philosophical concept of the dialogue between cultures in the 20th century. The focus is on its emergence - in the early 20th century - in M. Buber's theological concept and at the highest point of its development in Yu. M. Lotman’s semiotic philosophy. (shrink)