At the end of the 20th century, a discipline of Buddhist ethics was formed in English-speaking countries, within the framework of which a community of closely interacting researchers is engaged in the comprehension and systematization of ethical positions within Buddhism, often resorting to the use of analytical philosophy tools. One of the directions within the discipline of Buddhist ethics is an attempt to embed the ethical content of Buddhism in a contemporary Western European philosophical context and to put before it (...) questions characteristic of Western philosophy, for example, the questions of moral responsibility, free will and determinism. While some researchers believe that Buddhist texts reflect a compatibilist position, others see Buddhist ethical position as resembling incompatibilism. The first problem faced by Buddhist researchers interested in this topic is that Buddhism does not have a concept of “free will” similar to the one that exists in Western philosophy. Nevertheless, contemporary theorists believe that classical Buddhism contains enough material to allow for a conversation about causality and responsibility. The purpose of this research is to substantiate the possibility of discussing free will in the context of the ethics of Buddhism. In order to do this the research examines the key provisions of Buddhist teaching relevant in the context of free will: dependent arising, absence of self and karma. It is noted that one of the reasons for the difference in the conclusions of researchers of Buddhist ethics regarding the issue of free will and moral responsibility in Buddhism are the peculiarities of Theravada and Mahayana and their particular texts different theorists mainly refer to. (shrink)

The essence of metaphysical foundations of sport, meaning the collection of the most favorable conditions for solving the objectives, based on optimum life and theoretical foundation of the concept of sport as being optimum, its conceptual and categorical apparatus; Posted interpretation of metaphysics in the context of its development history of philosophical thought and analyzed the sport as a cultural phenomenon that is designed to convert natural human body in its cultural and executed physicality; The conditions under which the processes (...) of socialization in sport and through sport; reveals the conditions under which sport takes a phenomenon and lyudynovymirne and conditions that contribute to the violation human dimension. (shrink)

The urgency of this topic is determined by formation and development processes of a person who is inclined to change and grow in conditions of globalization that requires modern conceptualization of personality as a human potential identification factor. The purpose of scientific research - the conceptualization of the formation and development of personality, geared to change and growth. Objectives of the research: using the methodology of system analysis, to form new theory of formation and personal development, geared to change and (...) growth. This goal is realized in the following tasks: to analyze the methods of studying the formation and development of attributes of the individual, geared to change and growth; to identify the main characteristics of the personality, demonstrating willingness to change and growth. An analysis of recent research and publications, which launched the solution to this problem. The article uses both classical works and modern works of philosophers, which are based on the problems facing the developed world today. The scientific novelty of the research is an identification of interaction problems of a man, society, nature, aimed at the formation and development of personality, geared to change and growth. Results of the research: it is disclosed that is a model of the attributes of personality structure which systems it includes; the social phenomenon of formation and development of personality attributes, adjusted changes and growth, which contributes to transformation into a full-fledged subject of subject-transforming and cultural-historical activity, is substantiated; conditions of the person existence which it is adjusted for changes and growth are determined; the model of formation and development of personality attributes, adjusted for changes and growth, has been formed. For people who are targeted for growth, time is needed in order for their potential to flourish, so development and growth are interconnected and complementary. Conclusion - the basis of the study - the formation and development of the theory of personality, geared to change and growth in the context of theoretical and philosophical and cultural fundamentals. (shrink)

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that in modern conditions globalization acts as the main trend in the development of the modern world; this is noted at the Davos forum in 2019. Development of all spheres of society, the state and the person - from politics, economics - to sports and gender equality. The problem of the research - globalization in sport - is transformation of sport into a global phenomenon, universal in nature, which has significant impact (...) on all aspects of society. Therefore, the scope of dispute and sports culture act as an object of scientific research. Sport stimulates and forms social and cultural reflection on a world scale, reviving the idea of interdependence of humankind in sport and through sport. Unity is formed due to a variety of factors, including a network of communication technologies of financial, political and cultural interdependencies, new cultural forms of interaction that give impetus to sports interactions, forming a single global market for goods, services, behavioral standards, models of sociality, formation of modern values achieving sports success. Problem of globalization in sports is associated with Eurocentric’s, based on formation of European values of sports, sports culture and sports success, and in general sports management. The object of the research is sports management as a condition for the development of sports culture in the context of globalization 4.0. The objectives of the research are to analyze new trends in the global mankind development that influence sports development and culture, contribute to self-fulfillment of a person from the physical and spiritual side as a priority of creative person. Methods - analysis and synthesis, abstraction, cross-cultural analysis, logical and historical, comparative analysis contribute the penetration into complex phenomena and processes of modern reality associated with sports in context of globalization. Results. Globalization is changing usual way people in sports, along with many advantages, has number of negative, painful problems associated with overt commercialization. Globalization has entered single microsystem structure as a process of integration and economic exchange; global artifacts are present in sports management, to extent that sport is institutionalized on the scale of global sports communities. The form of sports globalization refers to specific way that structuring problems of sports take place and their transfer to the globalization level of problem solving, that is, global and local integration takes place. Conclusion. Globalization means increase in available methods of organizing sport events, which requires formation of sports concept management - transnational, international, interregional, macro-rational, regional municipal, local organizations require improvement of sports management. This ladder of administrative levels is cut through the functional networks of corporations, international organizations and non-governmental organizations, as well as number of professional international organizations. Internationalization of sports is being determined by globalization. (shrink)

Interview of Vlada Anuchina, Yana Dziuba and Yana Gorobenko with Yevhen Prychepii.

This article analyzes the change in interpretation of the principles of freedom and equality in liberal thought in Russian in the early twentieth century. From the classical negative understanding...

Interview of Vlada Anuchina, Yana Dziuba and Yana Gorobenko with Yevhen Prychepii.

Straipsnyje analizuojama japonų kilmės etninės mažumos grupės identiteto formavimo raida ir atskleidžiami integracijos iššūkiai Brazilijos visuomenėje. Nikėjų bendruomenė yra viena iš didžiausių etninės mažumos grupių Brazilijoje bei didžiausia japonų kilmės bendruomenė už Japonijos teritorijos ribų. Pabėgėlių krizės akivaizdoje analizuoti kontrastingų kultūrų grupių susidūrimą ir bandymą koegzistuoti toje pačioje erdvėje yra iššūkis ir kartu pagalba formuoti nuomonę šia tema tyrėjams, pareigūnams ar eiliniams žmonėms. Straipsnio pabaigoje suvoksime, kad, nepaisant dabar vyraujančių teigiamų išankstinių nuostatų vienas kitam, išlieka „mes“ ir „jie“ suvokimai. Jie (...) kyla dėl iš dalies japonų kilmės bendruomenių narių, turinčių norą išsiskirti ir išlaikyti savo statusą, taip pat dėl vietinių gyventojų daugumos teigiamos diskriminacijos ir, galiausiai, dėl aiškių išskiriančių fizinių bruožų. (shrink)

The article analyzes the cultural foundations of personality in the sport, which tempers the person both physically and spiritually; justified that in the context of philosophical and anthropological analysis of sport acts as a process of appropriation inherent powers of man; proved that anthropological examination of the world of sports is the completion of the process of objectification, that acts as a kind of self-reflection man is directed to the formation of integrity; clarified the issue of sexual dimorphism underlying sociocultural (...) differences in male and female sports. (shrink)

The urgency of the research is the concept of sports culture, which is formed in the conditions of globalization with the usage of domestic and foreign experience which is analyzed. The concept of sport is seen as expression of the generic nature of a man that is reduced to a physical and spiritual perfection of man, the harmony of the soul with the inner essence of a man. Formulation of the task - the article focuses on the development of sports (...) culture in the conditions of globalization, which acts as an integral part of global culture and acts as an influential force capable of consolidating society. Sports are an important element of culture and one of the most widespread activities. Sport is claimed as a social, cultural and economic phenomenon of a globalized society. This type of society requires the development of the concept of sports culture and its implementation in the cultural practice of sports management. The analysis of recent research and publications. We rely on authors who investigated sport as a phenomenon that acts as a factor in the formation and development of personality. The problem of self-determination of a sports personality as a philosophical problem is considered in the philosophical works of V. Bilohur, N. Vizitey, R. Robertson, I. Walsall's, E. Giddens, M. Kastesels, U. Beka. Isolation of unexplored parts of the general problem - conceptualization of the concept of sports culture. At the core of the study is the conceptualization of the basic sports circuits in the system of interdisciplinary space as a factor for the formation of a tempered and integral sports personality. Methodology - the use of approaches, in particular anthropologic, ontological and art-therapeutic, which allowed considering sport as an important economic, social and cultural phenomenon, aimed at developing the concept of sports culture. Presenting main material. The place and role of the concept of sports culture as a new scientific direction and discipline of the culture of sports management are analyzed. At the heart of the culture of sports management - the development of a sports man, the use of humanistic and cultural foundations for the formation of a holistic concept of sports culture. The place and role of sports culture in the conditions of globalization in the context of domestic and foreign experience for the affirmation and development of the human organism, which predetermine the formation of a sports person, is explored. It is revealed that the concept of sports culture forms a model for expanding the influence of sport on all spheres of society's life in a globalizing environment, which contributes to the unification of mankind. The essence of sport as the main determinant of influence on the development of the culture of sports personality is revealed. Conclusions - the concept of sport in the context of sports culture in the conditions of globalization, based on which the affirmation of the cultivation of the culture of the soul, body and spirit, is revealed. (shrink)

Victor Kozlovskyi. Kantova antropolohiia. Dzherela. Konsteliatsii. Modeli. 2nd ed. Kyiv: Duh i Litera, 2023.

Interview of Vlada Anuchina, Yana Dziuba and Yana Gorobenko with Yevhen Prychepii.

Interview of Vlada Anuchina, Yana Dziuba and Yana Gorobenko with Yevhen Prychepii.

The article presents a comparison of the interpretations of Edmund Husserl’s early philosophy, created in different local contexts: ones by Polish researchers (Kazimir Tvardovsky, Jan Luka sevich, Vladyslav Tatarkevych, Roman Ingarden, Aleksander Rozenblum-Augustowski) in the period 1895-1945, and Ukrainian philosopher Volodymyr Yurynets. This comparison takes place against the background of considering the differences in the conditions of the development of philosophy in pre-war and interwar Poland and the USSR. The author demonstrates the similarity of the readings of Husserl’s phenomenology by (...) Polish researchers and Yurynets and proves that the similarity between them is not only in the thematic focus of criticism of phenomenological philosophy, but also in its validity and level. In addition, the author offers an approach to the study of Yurynets’ figure and work, based on considering him primarily as a representative of Western intellectual culture. In particular, the possibility of considering Yurynets ‘ objections to Husserl’s project of phenomenological philosophy not as determined by ideological dictates, but as symptomatic of the European intellectual culture of the beginning of the 20th century is substantiated. Both Yurynets and the Polish phenomenological movement criticize phenomenology for its lack of coherence, and it is about both the internal coherence of phenomenological philosophy and its coherence with contemporary sciences. Particular attention is paid to the role of Yurynets in the history of Ukrainian studies of phenomenological philosophy in the context of the discussion about the origins of phenomenological studies in Ukraine.The author considers the investigations of the phenomenological movement in Poland to be fruitful for modern studies of phenomenological philosophy in Ukraine - a phenomenon that had a significant impact on the development of a wide range of humanitarian disciplines in Europe in the 20th-21st centuries and which has direct intersections and common personalities with Ukrainian philosophy. The same seems promising for other European local traditions. (shrink)

Straipsnyje analizuojama visuomenės nuomonė kaip institucija, jos tyrimo ypatumai dabartiniu laikotarpiu. Pateikiama visuomenės nuomonės tyrimų Lietuvoje per dvidešimt metų periodizacija – pagal visuomenės nuomonės reikšmę, tyrimų tematiką iš viso išskiriami septyni periodai. Ši subjektyvi klasifikacija yra paremta straipsnio autoriaus praktine patirtimi visuomenės nuomonės tyrimų srityje. Aptariamos visuomenės nuomonės tyrimų funkcijos, pagrindiniai šių tyrimų kritikos tipai. Trumpai apžvelgiama apklausų rezultatų publikavimo laisvė pasaulyje, visuomenės nuomonės tyrimų globalizacija. Analizuojami per dvidešimt metų įvykę tyrimų metodikos pasikeitimai.

Review of D’Angelo, D., Figal, G., Keiling, T., & Guang Yang. (2020). Paths in Heidegger's Later Thought. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Interview of Vlada Davidenko, Ryenat Shvets, Sofia Bryl with Leonid Finberg.

(2010). Information-Hierarchical Organization of Natural Systems II: Futures of Man–Biosphere Interactions and Climate Control. World Futures: Vol. 66, No. 8, pp. 537-556.

Interview of Vlada Davidenko, Ryenat Shvets, Sofia Bryl with Leonid Finberg.

The paper presents the possibility of using the lifestyle concept for better recognition of the employee motivation attitude towards work leadership and managerial behaviours. That could result in better human capital management in different types of organizations. Different approaches to the lifestyle concept are presented in the paper. Also the linkage between the motivation theory, here the Douglas McGregor theory, and the lifestyle based theory VALS is examined.

Review of Kozlovskyi, V. (2023). Kantian Anthropology. Sources. Constellations. Models. Kyiv: Duh i Litera.

Review of historico-philosophical papers of 2019–2023 in Kyiv-Mohyla Humanities Journal (National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy).

The Review of Victor Kozlovskyi’s Book «Kantian Anthropology. Sources. Constellations. Models». Victor Kozlovskyi, Kantova antropolohiia. Dzherela. Konsteliatsii. Modeli 2nd ed. Kyiv: Duh i Litera, 2014.

Given the strength of Archer's case for a sexual selection account, he is too accommodating of the social roles alternative. We present data on historical changes in violent crime contradicting that perspective, and discuss recent evidence showing how an evolutionary perspective predicts sex similarities and differences responding in a flexible and functional manner to adaptively relevant triggers across different domains.

Review of Cioran, E. (2023). Syllogism of the Bitterness. The Fall into Time. Kyiv: Duh i Litera.

XX a. pabaigoje – XXI a. pradžioje pradėjo formuotis laimės ekonomikos ir jos principus realizuojančios felicitarinės (felicitas – lot. laimė) politikos kryptis, kuri kartais įvardijama kaip „laimės revoliucija“. Kadangi „revoliucijos“ nevyksta be savo šalininkų, aktualus klausimas: „Ar Lietuvos visuomenė susipažinusi su šiomis idėjomis ir kokiu mastu jas palaiko?“ Ieškant atsakymo į šį klausimą, 2016 m. atlikta reprezentatyvi Lietuvos gyventojų nuomonės apklausa. Iš viso apklausta 1 001 suaugęs žmogus (18 metų ir vyresni).Apklausa parodė, kad apie laimės ekonomiką yra girdėję / skaitę (...) 11,0 % respondentų. Šiai „žinančiųjų“ grupei dažniau priklausė jaunesnio amžiaus, aukštesnio išsilavinimo, gaunantys didesnes pajamas žmonės. Nepaisant sąlyginai žemo laimės ekonomikos žinomumo, esminiam jos teiginiui – svarbiausiu Lietuvos valstybės tikslu turi tapti Lietuvos gyventojų laimė – pritarė absoliuti dauguma respondentų (81,1 %). Analogiški rezultatai gauti atliekant kokybinius laimės ekonomikos nuostatų tyrimus ir žvalgybines apklausas Lietuvoje bei Latvijoje. (shrink)

Interview of Illia Davidenko, Vlada Anuchina and Daria Popil with Svitlana Ivashchenko.

The article identifies research resources for Buddhist-Christian scholarship on the World Wide Web.

Landscapes of Wisdom seeks wisdom in contemporary thought. The author, as scholar, and seeker, examines scientific, religious and literary writings, to synthesize a way of knowing accessible to the modern mind, an intellectual path meeting the challenge of science with an equally universal message that speaks of the world and its workings, but also of transcendence and the deepest core of human experience.

Інтерв’ю Іллі Давіденка, Влади Анучіної і Дар’ї Попіль зі Світланою Іващенко.

Aging is associated with decreased functional connectivity in the main brain networks, which can underlie changes in cognitive and emotional processing. Neurofeedback is a promising non-pharmacological approach for the enhancement of brain connectivity. Previously, we showed that a single session of infra-low frequency neurofeedback results in increased connectivity between sensory processing networks in healthy young adults. In the current pilot study, we aimed to evaluate the possibility of enhancing brain connectivity during aging with the use of infra-low frequency neurofeedback. Nine (...) females aged 52 ± 7 years with subclinical signs of emotional dysregulation, including anxiety, mild depression, and somatoform symptoms, underwent 15 sessions of training. A resting-state functional MRI scan was acquired before and after the training. A hypothesis-free intrinsic connectivity analysis showed increased connectivity in regions in the bilateral temporal fusiform cortex, right supplementary motor area, left amygdala, left temporal pole, and cerebellum. Next, a seed-to-voxel analysis for the revealed regions was performed using the post- vs. pre-neurofeedback contrast. Finally, to explore the whole network of neurofeedback-related connectivity changes, the regions revealed by the intrinsic connectivity and seed-to-voxel analyses were entered into a network-based statistical analysis. An extended network was revealed, including the temporal and occipital fusiform cortex, multiple areas from the visual cortex, the right posterior superior temporal sulcus, the amygdala, the temporal poles, the superior parietal lobule, and the supplementary motor cortex. Clinically, decreases in alexithymia, depression, and anxiety levels were observed. Thus, infra-low frequency neurofeedback appears to be a promising method for enhancing brain connectivity during aging, and subsequent sham-controlled studies utilizing larger samples are feasible. (shrink)

Lietuva išsiskiria vienais aukščiausių ištuokų rodiklių ES, kurie su nedideliais svyravimais iš esmės nekinta jau daugiau nei tris dešimtmečius. Nors skyrybos gana dažnos, beveik nėra tyrimų, nagrinėjančių ištuokų socialinį mechanizmą. Šio straipsnio tikslas – remiantis tiksliausia populiacijos lygmens, o ne atrankinių tyrimų informacija, atskleisti individo socialinių ekonominių išteklių įtaką ištuokos rizikai Lietuvoje. Pristatomas tyrimas* yra išskirtinis dėl savo empirinio šaltinio – 2001 m. gyventojų surašymo ir pirmųjų santuokų ir ištuokų registrų duomenų jungtinės bazės, kuri teikia informaciją apie visus susituokusius Lietuvos (...) gyventojus. Nagrinėjama, kaip išsilavinimas ir užimtumo statusas modeliuoja skyrybų riziką vyrų ir moterų subpopuliacijose, kontroliuoja daugelį socialinių demografinių individualių ir partnerystės veiksnių. Tyrimas atskleidė, jog menki socialiniai ekonominiai ištekliai vyrams yra susiję su didesne skyrybų rizika, moterims žemas išsilavinimas mažina santuokos stabilumą, o užimtumo statusas neturi vienareikšmiško poveikio. (shrink)

The evolution of belt conveyors, as an important type of continuous conveying machinery, is examined here in a historical perspective. For this purpose, the selected period is from the ancient time, i.e. occurrence of conveying equipment, and up to the end of the nineteenth century. The basic postulation of a modern machine, including conveyors, is often interlinked to that of its ancestor, which may be simple and primitive. Ancient machines and principles of their work were the basis for later improvements (...) which also brought the inventions in engineering. For instance, Archimedes lifted water to high altitude with a screw, which was regarded as the ancestor of today’s screw conveyor and essentially his design has not changed since then. Bucket elevators also have their predecessors dating back to ancient times. In the concrete case of belt conveyors, a first trace can be found in the beginning of the seventeenth century, even classified as primitive example. During the Industrial Revolutions, various machines, such conveyors, appeared. The first modern-like belt conveyors are dedicated to the late eighteenth century due to the invention of Oliver Evans in USA and to the nineteenth century, by Lyster in England, Lopatine in Russia and Thomas Robins in USA. The technical solutions developed by the end of the nineteenth century were forerunners of the today’s belt conveyors, while the key operational principles have not changed. (shrink)

This article explores the link between historical and contemporary patterns of family formation. The theoretical underpinnings of the study were derived from Hajnal’s theory of historical nuptiality regimes in Europe. In general, the results suggest that all countries in the region share a common vector of changes in partnership formation, but at the same time the onset and advancement of these changes varies. The changesstarted earlier and have advanced further in countries that had experienced the western European marriage pattern in (...) the past, and they began later and are less advanced in the countries with the historical eastern European marriage pattern. (shrink)

Interview of Vlada Anuchina, Yana Dziuba and Yana Gorobenko with Yevhen Prychepii.

I respond to Vladas Griskevicius and Douglas T. Kendrick (G&K) and Gad Saad's (S) defenses of the view that Consumer Studies would benefit from the appeal to evolution in all work aimed at understanding consumer behavior. I argue that G&K and S's reliance on one theoretical perspective, that of evolutionary psychology, limits their options. Further, I point out some specific problems with the theoretical perspective of evolutionary psychology. Finally, I introduce some alternative evolutionary approaches to studying human behavior that (...) could profitably be adopted in consumer research. -/- . (shrink)

Interview of Illia Davidenko, Vlada Anuchina and Daria Popil with Svitlana Ivashchenko.

Rad pripremno ocrtava etično načelo saturiranosti u svrhe boljeg razumijevanja zdravog radnog okruženja. Načelo se oprimjeruje razmatranjem zajedničke biti ljudskih problema vezanih za uzrok, razvoj, učinke i posljedice COVID–19 virusne pandemije koja je potvrdila dugo znane, sustavne probleme opterećenja u ljudskom društvu, naročito u području poslovanja. Posebno treba istaknuti područje kadrovski i financijski potkapacitiranih nacionalnih sustava, poput znanstvenog sustava u Republici Hrvatskoj, u kojem vlada i problem višestrukog radnog identiteta. Izabrana optika motrenja služi približavanju moralne i organizacijske važnosti i korisnosti (...) kriterija saturiranosti za, s jedne strane, optimalnu organizaciju rada, ali i, s druge strane, očuvanje dostojanstva čovjeka u radnom okruženju. (shrink)

Radikalizam državnog terorizma i terorizma samoubojica u odnosu su frustracijske telerancije. Postoje i mogućnosti međusobnih napada oružjem za masovno uništenje – nuklearnim, biološkim i kemijskim oružjem. Frustracijska tolerancija obaju terorizama – terorom protiv terora – radikalizira njihove međusobne odnose i ostvaruje osvetničke ciljeve, jednake ili veće smrti. Unatoč tome, postoji mogućnost za uljuđenu toleranciju i rješenje sukoba – stabilnu ravnotežu suradnje, mira, sigurnosti i zdravog rivalstva među sukobljenim stranama. Rješenje je u pronalaženju umijeća politike koja pravila ne samo provodi nego (...) ih i mijenja – pronalaženju politike koja nije samo politika političarâ i zadrtih ekstremista koji se orijentiraju na politku sile i dominacije, nego i politika društva koje osuđuje i potiče osudu ekstremističkih tumačenja religija i mitova, koje potiče recepciju svjetskog etosa – čovjeku zajedničkih načela samokontrole, normi i vrijednosti, bez obzira na rasnu, nacionalnu, religijsku i kulturnu pripadnost. Rješenje je i u uvažavanju mnogostrukih identiteta i poticanju mnogostrukog komuniciranja, uključujući i interkulturno komuniciranje među sukobljenim stranama – kao umijeća kretanja kroz kulturne prepreke, ne samo vlada nego i građana – pojedinaca, drušvenih grupa, različitih udruženja i institucija. Izvan svake sumnje, rješenje je i u prevladavanju siromaštva i bijede – najrazornijeg oružja masovnog uništenja. Gospodarstva državnih terorizama i terorizama samoubojica čvrsto su srasla s ‘normalnim gospodarstvima’, pa je nadzor nad njima i financijskim izvorima njihove moći jedna od značajnih pretpostavki prevladavanja terorizama. Na kraju, ali ne manje važno, rješenje je i u snažnoj i nepristrasnoj kritici terorističkih zbivanja mnogih autora i aktivista za ljudska prava. Podsjećamo samo na neka takva imena koja se navode i u ovom tekstu – Yeshayahu Leibowitz, John Rose, Marc Ellis, Jessica Stern, Israel Shahak, Irena Klepfisz, Edward Said, Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn, Arundhati Roy, Amartya Sen, Amin Maalouf.Radicalism of state terrorism and of suicides terrorism have been keeping some relations of frustrated tolerance. There are and some possibilities of mutual attacks by mass destroing weapon – nuclear, biological and chemical weapon. Frustrated tolerance both of terrorisms – by terror against of terror – radicalizes their mutual relations and realizes of the revengeful purposes, of the equal or the greater death. In spite of, there is a possibility of courtly tolerance and the solution of that conflict – stable balance of cooperation, peace, security and of sound competition between facing sides. The solution is in finding of politics art which some rules not only realises, than of them and changes, too – finding of politics which doesn’t only the politics of politicians and of stubborn extremists that have been closed with politics of power and domination, than and politics of society that doesn’t accept extrem explanations of religions and myths, that keep stimmulatings of reception of world ethos – to man common principles of autocontrol, norms and values, without a consideration to racism, national, religious and cultural appurtenance. The solution is in an accepting of multilateral identities and a stimulating of multilateral communication, including and intercultural communication between conflict sides, too – as an art of movement trough cultural obstacles, not only of some governments, than and of citizens – of individuals, social groups, different civil organisations and institutions. No question of that, the solution is in overcome of a poverty and misery as the most destructive weapon of mass annihilation, too. Economies of state terrorisms and of suicides terrorisms have firm grown with ‘normal economies’. Therefore, a control over them and financial sources of their power is important supposition of overcome of terrorisms. Last but not least, the solution is in strong and impartial critique of terrorism of many authors and activists for human rights, too. We only remember on such names that are adduced in this text – Yeshayahu Leibowitz, John Rose, Marc Ellis, Jessica Stern, Israel Shahak, Irena Klepfisz, Edward Said, Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn, Arundhati Roy, Amartya Sen, Amin Maalouf. (shrink)

Pogost motiv v rimski paliati so medgeneracijski konflikti. Medtem ko očetje največkrat poudarjajo konvencionalno moralo in kažejo varčnost, že kar skoporitost, se sinovi v njihovi odsotnosti radi predajajo razvratu: zapravljajo denar, popivajo in se spuščajo v razmerja s heterami, ponavadi ob pomoči kakega nabritega domačega sužnja. Ker vlada v komediji saturnalijski narobe svet, na koncu »zmagajo« sinovi in sužnji, ki so tudi glavni junaki teh komedij. Tu in tam pa Plavt sinovom položi na jezik besede, ki odstopajo od njihovega siceršnjega (...) ravnanja in jih prikažejo v odgovornejši luči. Njegova najrazvpitejša »moralistična« komedija je Trinovčevo (Trinummus), vendar zasledimo moralno navdahnjene vložke in značajske lastnosti tudi v drugi komediji s podobnim izhodiščem, ki deluje veliko bolj razposajeno: v Hišnem strahu (Mostellaria). Ob primerjavi mladih protagonistov v Plavtovih komedijah Hišni strah in Trinovčevo ugotovimo, da je komedija Trinovčevo občutno bolj moralistična od Hišnega strahu, vendar po drugi strani tudi v slednjem ni mogoče videti gole burke kot, denimo, v Oslih (Asinaria) istega avtorja. Če si v Oslih oba protagonista, oče in sin, ki se pehata za isto meretrix, pravzaprav zaslužita zgolj posmeh občinstva, imajo glavni junak Hišnega strahu, njegov prijatelj in ljubica več značajskih lastnosti, ki so jih morale prikupiti tudi kritikom Katonovega kova. (shrink)

V domnevno Platonovem dialogu Alkibiadu I je postavljena trditev, da je del duše, ki skriva naše pravo sebstvo, naš jaz, podoben Bogu: nekdo, ki ga uvidi in je spoznal božansko – boga in razumnost, bo tako najbolje dojemal tudi samega sebe. Vprašanje sebstva v dialogu nastopi kot smiselno nadaljevanje poprejšnjih izpeljav, po katerih se določa, da mi nismo ne telo, ne naše lastne stvari, temveč duša. S tem, ko sebstvo poistovetimo z Bogom, nekako uidemo problemu samonanašanja in postavimo vprašanje samovédenja (...) v novo dimenzijo. Članek obravnava nekatere nejasnosti definicije sebstva , torej vključujočega telo in dušo, ali le kot duše, kot v Alkibiadu Prvem , ki uporablja telo in mu vlada , v odnosu do božanskega.In Alcibiades I, for many interpreters still a spurious dialogue, Plato claims that our true self resembles the divine. Someone who looked at it and grasped everything divine, God and intelligence, would have the best grasp of himself as well. The question of the self comes as the natural consequence of previous claims showing we are neither our possessions nor our bodies, but our souls. By making the self similar to God, we can tackle the problem of reflexivity differently, putting the question of self-knowledge into new perspective. The article discusses some unclear questions concerning the definition of the self, defined as »the whole man« in Charmides , i.e. including body as integral part, or as excluding it in Alcibiades I, where the self is the soul , since the soul uses the body and rules it , and its relations to the divine. (shrink)

U tekstu se polazi od problemske konstatacije prema kojoj je kapitalizam kao način života toliko postao dominantan da sustavno prožima cjelokupno vrijeme pojedinca, i radno i slobodno vrijeme. Dakle, sustav je čovjekovo vrijeme u totalu stavio u zavjetrinu ekonomije. I njime upravlja i vlada .Dalje se u tekstu postavlja pitanje koliko će još proći »vremena da se deblokiraju potencijali čovjekove prirode zapreteni u ekonomiji slobodnog vremena« . U suprotnom »svaki napredak u proizvodnji s pasivnom proizvođačkom klasom može samo pospješiti izdvajanje (...) i jačanje nove gornje klase« . Tako nastaje dublja problemska situacija u kojoj se pojedinci pretvaraju u pasivne grupe i društvene zajednice i time cijelo društvo čine pasivnim i osrednjim.Rješenje se, prema Supeku, nalazi u izoštravanju »samosvijesti građanina« kojom bi se uspješno otklanjala pasivnost i nekritičnost čovjekove svijesti. Cijeli bi se taj proces mogao razvijati iz temeljne »usamljenosti« građanina, koja pretpostavlja sigurnu distancu od tržišnog konzumerizma. Samosvijest nastala usred vlastite usamljenosti, tj. usred kritičkog odmaka od svakodnevice, bila bi osnažena i kritički otvorena prema sebi i prema sredini u kojoj živi. I tada bi mogla »djelovati kako hoće«, a ne kako je diktirano odozgor.Ta temeljna i kritički distancirana usamljenost građanina razumijevala bi se kao kvalitetno novo iskustvo vremena u neovisnom i autonomnom prostoru slobode u kojem se konačno može ostvariti vlastito slobodno vrijeme bitno drugačije od pasivne besposlice.The initial concept of this text is the problem conclusion which claims that capitalism as a way of life has become so dominant that it systematically permeates the individual’s complete time, their working hours as well as their free time. In other words, man’s free time has been overtaken by the system and completely subjected to economy. And it is run by the government .Further in the text a question arises: How long “will it take to deliver the potentials of human nature which are entwined in the economy of free time” . Otherwise “every progress that is made in production using passive production classes can only help facilitate the separation and strengthening of the new upper class” . This leads to a deeper problem situation in which individuals are being turned into passive groups and social communities, which makes the entire society passive and mediocre.According to Supek, the solution is in sharpening the “citizens’ self-consciousness”, which could bring success in removing passivity and non-critical human consciousness. The entire process could be developed from the foundational “loneliness” of the citizen, which implies a safe distance from market consumerism. Self-consciousness, caused by personal loneliness, i.e., critical detachment from everyday life, would be strengthened and critically open toward itself and the society in which the person lives. And then it would be able to “do as it pleased”, and not as it has been ordered from a higher instance.This foundational and critically detached loneliness of citizens could be understood as a good and fresh experience of time in an independent and autonomous space of freedom, where a person could finally be able to achieve their own free time in a way that is largely different than just mere passive doing nothing. (shrink)