This article explores three dimensions of the current state of gender equality in Serbia: public policy on gender equality, public opinion on gender equality and the context of Serbia’s accession to the EU. Using data from the recent public opinion survey of citizens’ attitudes towards gender equality, the authors address the following issues: harmonization of public policy on gender equality in Serbia with EU policies; differences between public policy on gender equality in Serbia and citizens’ preferences; convergences/divergences between citizens of (...) Serbia and EU citizens regarding gender equality. As Serbia’s policy of promoting gender equality in the last decade has been dominated by the political goal of accession to the EU, it shows where the opinions converge, and where there are certain differences. The authors show the complexity of ideological positions among average Serbian citizens, while highlighting different paradigms in the official public policy on gender equality. While Serbian citizens still do not place gender equality high on their political agenda, they are convinced that it has a certain value, which does provide some important pointers for the future. (shrink)

Politicka istorija druge Jugoslavije neprekidno je bila sakralna, a domen sekularizacije obuhvatao je mahom samo umetnost. Informbiro i razlaz sa SSSR-om otvorio je put ka vecoj slobodi u stvaralastvu, napustajuci ideju o kontroli umetnosti u vidu socrealizma. Trece stanoviste o knjizevnosti zastupao je Vladan Desnica.

U ovom tekstu izlozene su osnovne teze na temu Politicka misao francuskih egzistencijalista u delima jugoslovenskih praxis-filozofa, te ukratko analiziran jedan reprezentativan primer.

Povod za beogradski skup?Socijalizam i kultura? s kraja 1969. godine bile su zabrane. Od juna?68. u Srbiji je bilo oko cetrdeset intervencija, sto je znatno vise nego u ostalim YU republikama. Izveden je zakljucak o provincijalnosti i nedovoljno razvijenom kulturnom zivotu. Autor ovog rada je prosirio temu na siri plan jer su intencije dijaloga to dopustale. Paralelno s tim cinjenicama, dobro se uklapaju podaci o Golom otoku, koje daje Milovan Djilas. Otok je bio najdrasticnija i najdramaticnija zabrana u celokupnom postojanju (...) Druge YU. I iz negdasnje, i iz sadasnje perspektive, skup bi se mogao protumaciti kao krik i vapaj za slobodom. Razgovoru su presudno doprineli predstavnici beogradskog krila Praxis grupe, uz potonje, mahom neslavno, ucesce u dogadjajima, pre svega versko-gradjanskim ratovima; za razliku od glavne, zagrebacke?centrale? Praxisa, koja nije bila zahvacena nacionalistickim virusom. Izlazu se, najzad, argumenti o Dobrici Cosicu kao srpskom Faustu, te se dovodi u pitanje teza o piscu kao ocu nacije. (shrink)

U ovom radu dat je kratak pregled osnivanja Instituta za filozofiju i drustvenu teoriju kao institucionalne osnove za postanak i izlazenje casopisa Filozofija i drustvo. On je prvobitno, 1987. godine, poceo da izlazi kao zbornik, jednom godisnje, da bi od 2005. postao casopis, sa ritmom publiciranja tri puta godisnje, a od 2011. izlazi kvartalno. Takodje je dat i pregled svih tematskih celina, i to do kraja 2012. godine. Analiziran je detaljno jedan broj FiD-a, kao vazan dokument za promenu drustvene atmosfere (...) u negdanjoj Jugoslaviji i sa nagovestajima njenog raspada: naucni skup je odrzan 2. i 3. jula 1991. (shrink)

The author puts forward a set of assumptions and possible context for examining the connection between the concepts of enlightenment and taste. Kant?s definition of enlightenment is accepted, with special emphasis on the sphere of religion. Applying this criterion, we may discern a powerful and influential religious current stemming from strictly speaking Church circles that denies the systematic and historical significance of the opus of Dositej Obradovic, who in his time was a protagonist of the European enlightenment. Such a revaluation (...) has been accepted by the greater portion of the younger generation, which relies predominantly on the St. Sava Myth. With a change of worldview, undoubtedly, tastes change as well. The next section of the paper discusses the approach to taste of the Scottish philosopher David Hume representative of dispositional aesthetic. Finally it is argued that music as one of the arts, might be exemplary for appraising the condition of enlightenment in a society. U ovom radu autor je izlozio nekoliko pretpostavki, te moguci kontekst za ispitivanje veze izmedju pojmova prosvecenost i ukus. Prihvaceno je Kantovo odredjenje prosvecenosti, a s narocitim naglaskom na sferu religioznosti. Na osnovu takvog kriterijuma, moze se uociti da je u igri jedna vrlo snazna i uticajna verska struja - i to iz crkvenih krugova u najuzem smislu - koja porice sistematski i istorijski znacaj dela Dositeja Obradovica, svojevremeno protagoniste evropske prosvecenosti. Takvo prevrednovanje prihvatio je i veci deo mladje generacije insistirajuci prevashodno na Svetosavskom Predanju. S promenom pogleda na svet, nesumnjivo je da se menjaju i ukusi. Izlozeno je i shvatanje o ukusu skotskog filozofa Dejvida Hjuma, zatocnika dispozicionalne estetike. Kao jedna od umetnosti, muzika bi mogla biti egzemplarna za procenjivanje stanja prosvecenosti u nekom drustvu. (shrink)

In histories of Serbian painting Sreten Maric is listed among the protagonists of socialist realism, and that on the basis of a single article - his criticism of an exhibition staged by the Association of Visual Artists of Serbia to the benefit of wounded veterans. Without denying the historical basis for this judgment, the author of the present paper pleads for a more nuance approach and propounds the thesis that socialist realism was primarily a complex pattern of social relations, and (...) only in the second place a substantively defined doctrine. On the basis of an insight into the relevant sources it is argued that Maric was not a theorist of socialist realism; on the other hand, an ideologue of social painting he was indeed, believing in a synthesis of Art and Revolution. By way of comparison, the figures of Miroslav Krleza and Georg Luk?cs are referred to: neither of the two was a protagonist of socialist realism, though both belonged firmly to the so-called leftist thought. U istorijama srpskog slikarstva Sreten Maric vazi za protagonistu socijalistickog realizma, i to na osnovu jednog clanka - kritike na izlozbu Udruzenja likovnih umetnika Srbije u korist ranjenih boraca. Ne poricuci istorijsku ocenu, autor pledira za nijansiraniji stav i izlaze tezu da je socijalisticki realizam bio u prvom redu jedan sklop drustvenih odnosa, pa tek onda i neka sadrzinski odredjena doktrina. Uvidom u izvore, zakljucio je da Maric nije bio teoreticar socijalistickog realizma, ali ideolog socijalnog slikarstva jeste bio, uz veru u sintezu Umetnosti i Revolucije. Za poredjenje su mu posluzili Miroslav Krleza i Georg Luk?cs: ni jedan, ni drugi nije bio protagonista socijalistickog realizma, mada su obojica pripadala cvrsto tzv. levoj misli. (shrink)

Sobre esta edição A terceira edição de A Semântica transcendental de Kant (Campinas, CLE, 2005) encontra-se esgotada há vários anos. Este fato recomenda a sua reedição, tendo em vista o interesse que as edições anteriores suscitaram na comunidade kantiana brasileira. Desde a primeira edição em 2000, dediquei numerosos artigos e resenhas – publicados nas revistas Analytica, Cadernos de História e Filosofia da Ciência, Manuscrito, O que nos faz pensar e Studia Kantiana, entre outras – foram dedicados à apresentação e divulgação (...) de pesquisas, bem como aos debates, sobre o lugar da semântica transcendental na obra de Kant. Sobre a coleção Zeljko Loparic: Obras Reunidas A idade pede que se olhe para o passado, o caminho percorrido e as realizações. Minhas Obras reunidas são uma tentativa de fazer tal balanço. Elas conterão a totalidade de minha produção intelectual no campo da filosofia publicada entre 1975 e 2022. Os trabalhos serão agrupados em seis partes temáticas e ordenados cronologicamente, seguindo as principais linhas de desenvolvimento da minha compreensão das perguntas filosóficas ao longo dos anos. Uma sétima parte conterá traduções de minha produção para outras línguas. Os volumes de cada parte terão títulos refletindo sua fonte de inspiração ou seu conteúdo, o que será esboçado em prefácios. Os escritos desse período ainda inéditos serão a disponibilizados online via streaming na Coleção Inéditos Loparic. (shrink)

O presente artigo apresenta três teses principais. A primeira diz que, nos Seminários de Zollikon, Heidegger desenvolveu projeto de uma antropologia, patologia e terapia daseinsanalíticas no qual ele rejeita a metapsicologia de Freud, mas preserva suas descobertas fatuais e procedimentos de cura. A secunda tese sustenta que Winnicott introduziu um novo paradigma na psicanálise que igualmente rejeita a metapsicologia freudiana e centra a pesquisa e a cura psicanalíticas sobre problemas de amadurecimento pessoal e não mais sobre o complexo de Édipo. (...) A terceira tese combina as duas primeira para dizer a) que a psicanálise winnicottiana satisfaz os requisitos de Heidegger para a patologia e a terapia daseinsanalíticas, b) que, além disso, essa nova psicanálise pode estimular de maneira decisiva a pesquisa futura no campo da antropologia daseinsanalítica.The paper proposes three main theses. The first thesis says that in Zollikoner Seminare Heidegger has developed a project of a daseinsanalytic anthropology and pathology in which he rejects Freud's metapsychology, but accepts his factual findings and therapeutic procedures. The second thesis affirms that Winnicott has introduced a new paradigm in psychoanalysis which also rejects Freud's metapsychology and centers the psychoanalytic research and therapy on the problem of maturation and no more on the Oedipus Complex. The third thesis combines the first two in saying a) that Winnicott's psychoanalysis satisfies Heidegger's requirements for a daseinsanalytic pathology and therapy and b) that, moreover, it can stimulate, in a decisive manner, the future research in the field of daseinsanalytic anthropology. (shrink)

O presente comentário analisa um breve texto tardio de Kant sobre afisiologia especulativa. Além de ilustrar muito bem os princípios metodológicos doprograma de pesquisa kantiano para as ciências da natureza – segundo o qual as ficçõesespeculativas, de valor apenas heurístico, podem ser utilizadas para observar eorganizar fenômenos na procura de suas leis empíricas –, esse escrito antecipa,metodológica e epistemologicamente, os trabalhos de Freud sobre a metapsicogiafisiológica.t:This commentary analyzes a short text by late Kant on speculativephysiology. It ilustrates main metodological principles (...) of Kant’s research programmefor natural sciences – according to which speculative fictions with exclusively heuristicvalue are allowed to be used in observing and organizing phenomena in search forempirical laws – and in addition it anticipates, both methodologically andespistemologically, Freud’s writings on physilogical metapsychology. (shrink)

O objetivo principal do presente artigo é apresentar uma visão unificada da contribuição de Winnicott à psicanálise. A Parte I começa constatando que, de acordo com certos comentadores renomados, Winnicott introduziu uma mudança paradigmática na psicanálise. A fim de fazer ver que essa mudança pode ser interpretada como um Gestalt switch paradigmático no sentido de Th. S. Kuhn, faz-se uma apresentação panorâmica da teoria kuhniana da ciência e, em seguida, uma reconstrução do paradigma edipiano ou triangular de Freud. Na Parte (...) II , é mostrado que, já nos anos 20, Winnicott constatou a existência de anomalias insuperáveis no paradigma edipiano e, por essa razão, iniciou a pesquisa que poderia ser chamada de revolucionária, no sentido de Kuhn, buscando um novo quadro geral para a psicanálise. Essa pesquisa terminou com a elaboração, especialmente na última parte da vida de Winnicott, do paradigma alternativo “bebê-no-colo-da-mãe”. Esse paradigma é descrito com certos detalhes, especialmente a relação paradigmática dual bebê-mãe e a teoria-guia de amadurecimento pessoal. As observações finais dizem respeito à herança winnicottiana e ao futuro da psicanálise. (shrink)

O presente estudo propõe-se reconstruir o conceito winnicottiano da unidade psicossomática do ser humano. Depois de expor o caráter acontecencial e a estrutura interna do psique-soma, oferece uma análise detalhada das operações da "elaboração imaginativa", começando pela tentativa de definir a natureza dessas operações. Prossegue com o exame das operações mais primitivas que garantem a inter-relação inicial básica da psique e do soma, chama a atenção para a constituição do si-mesmo imaginativo, e termina identificando e explicando algumas operações elaborativas mais (...) avançadas, assumidas pelos indivíduos humanos sadios "em primeira pessoa".The present study aims at reconstructing Winnicott's concept of psycho-somatic unity of the human being. After explaining the historical character and inner structure of the psyque-soma, it starts a detailed analysis of "imaginative elaboration" with an attempt to define the very nature of these operations. It examines next the most primitive of them that which elaborate the body functions thus garantee the initial psyche-soma relation, goes over to the problem of constitution of the imaginative self and ends by identifying and explaing some more advanced operations, assumed by grown up healthy indivuals "in the first person". (shrink)

Após fazer uma breve apresentação da maneira como o tema da origem surge no pensamento de Heidegger, o artigo mostra que esse tema se desdobra necessariamente no do nascimento. Em seguida, o nascimento é estudado tal como tematizado por Heidegger na primeira e na segunda fase da sua filosofia. Por fim, o artigo explica os conceitos de nascimento e origem que compõem a teoria do amadurecimento de Winnicott, a fim de iniciar um diálogo entre o pensamento heideggeriano do ser e (...) a psicanálise winnicottiana do acontecer maturacional.After making a brief presentation of the manner in which the topic of origin emerges in Heidegger’s thought, the article shows that this topic necessarily includes that of birth. Next, the birth is studied in the light of the first and the second phase of Heidegger’s philosophy. Finally, the concepts of birth and origin that are contained in Winnicott’s theory of maturation are presented in order to introduce a dialogue between Heidegger’s thinking of Being and Winnicott’s psychoanalysis of human coming to be and growth. (shrink)

Significant breakthroughs in genetic research promoted by the human genome project, advances in molecular biology and new reproductive technologies have improved the understanding and the possibility of genetic interventions as a potential medication for diseases caused by differentiated disorders, especially those that originated in irregularities in individual genes. The progress achieved in contemporary studies has created the likelihood that the man has the technical capacity to modify the genes that will be transmitted to the next generations as well. These are (...) the so-called hereditary genetic modifications, i.e. any biomedical interventions which could be expected to transform the genome which a person could transfer to their offspring. The author analyses in this paper why even the hints of transformations of genes that will be passed on to future generations cause deep bioethical, theological, legal and political debates and controversies. He also believes that in the era of rapid strengthening of the social and technical and technological effects of science, it is very important that scientists, in their perceptions and insights, which particularly in the field of humanities, do not have the character of value beliefs, do not go below the achieved civilization standards of ethical and moral culture and to reflect on different themes with due care and awareness of the dilemmas that they can encounter in their professional work. An adequate interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and pluriperspective approach, as well as the awareness of the essential compatibility of scientific freedom and responsibility, should ultimately result in a different and more sophisticated attitude of the scientists themselves to the possibilities of their own discipline and the significance of its effects. (shrink)

O artigo começa dando uma visão panorâmica do processo pelo qual se passou, na modernidade, da libertação da palavra à industrialização da palavra, esboçando algumas reações a esse desenvolvimento, em particular a de Heidegger. Prossegue pelo exame detalhado da regra de verbalização do inconsciente, sobre a qual repousa a clínica freudiana, mostrando os limites teóricos e clínicos desse tipo de comunicação entre o analista e o analisando. Passa, em seguida, ao estudo da comunicação não-verbal, característica da clínica winnicottiana dos psicóticos, (...) para concluir: 1) que certos modos do inconsciente são comunicáveis, mas não verbalizáveis, 2) que a crise da comunicação verbal, detectada por Winnicott na psicanálise, apresenta paralelos notáveis com a crítica de Heidegger da palavra gramaticalmente - isto é, ciberneticamente - correta, como o único meio de falar sobre os seres humanos e seus assuntos.The article starts by giving an overview of the process by which the liberation of speech became the industrialization of speech in Modern Times, outlining some reactions to it, such as the one formulated by Heidegger. It continues with a detailed study of the rule for verbalization of the unconscious, upon which the Freudian psychoanalysis is founded, showing theoretical and clinical limits of this kind of communication between the analyst and the analyzand. It goes over to the examination of the different modes of non-verbal communication, characteristic of the Winnicottian clinic of psychotics, in order to conclude 1) that some modes of the unconscious are communicable, but not verbalizable; 2) that the crises of verbal communication, detected by Winnicott in psychoanalysis, exhibits noteworthy parallels to the Heideggerian critique of the grammatically, that is, cibernatically correct language as the only means of talking about human beings and affairs. (shrink)

O presente artigo propõe-se a estudar a desconstrução heideggeriana da teoria clínica e da metapsicologia de Freud à luz do método fenomenológico construtivo-desconstrutivo. Depois de caracterizar a teorização psicanalítica como devedora da metafísica da subjetividade objetificada, o artigo mostra em que sentido se pode dizer que essa metafísica oculta o modo de ser originário dos seres humanos para, em seguida, examinar a crítica heideggeriana dos elementos dessa metafísica, embutidos tanto na teoria clínica como na metapsicologia de Freud.The aim of this (...) article is to study Heidegger's deconstruction of the Freudian metapsychology as well as of his clinical theory by means of the phenomenological method. After characterising the psychoanalytic way of theorising as determined by metaphysics of objectified subjectivity, it proceeds to show in what sense it can be said that this metaphysics conceals the original mode of being of man, in order to examine next Heidegger's criticism of elements of this metaphysics which became part and parcel of the Freudian clinical theory and metapsychology. (shrink)

Na introdução, o presente artigo examina a ameaça da fabricação industrial dos humanos tal como tematizada por Heidegger em 1939. Em se-guida, procura elaborar o horizonte hermenêutico no qual Heidegger discute as alternativas de realização desse empreendimento já em curso. Prossegue considerando a defesa montada por Heidegger contra esse perigo, para ter-minar apresentando duas críticas à solução proposta por ele.In its introduction, this article examines the threat of industrial pro-duction of humans as thematized by Heidegger in 1939. Next, it tries (...) to elaborate the hermeneutic framework within which Heidegger discusses the alternatives of realization of this enterprise already in course. After consider-ing the defenses put up by Heidegger against this danger and ends by pre-senting two criticisms of his solution. (shrink)

Depois de expor, usando a filosofia de Kant como exemplo, em que consiste o uso objetificante da linguagem, o artigo prossegue explicitando os perigos extremos que Heidegger relaciona a esse uso e a defesa que ele recomenda: a mudança da nossa relação com a linguagem.After presenting, using the philosophy of Kant as an example, what is understood as the use of objectifying language, the article proceeds to explain the extreme perils that Heidegger takes related to this usage and a defense (...) of what he recommends: a change of in our relations to language. (shrink)

Após resumir as diferenças entre os paradigmas freudiano e winnicottiano da psicanálise , o presente trabalho passa a apresentar as idéias centrais da teoria winnicottiana da sexualidade. As principais teses defendidas são as seguintes: 1) Winnicott redescreveu a sexualidade a partir de duas raízes: a raiz instintual e a raiz identitária , 2) ele reescreveu o essencial da teoria psicanalítica tradicional desse fenômeno, e 3) ao fazer tudo isso, ele acrescentou elementos essenciais ao seu novo paradigma da psicanálise . Depois (...) de apresentar de maneira esquemática da concepção winnicottiana da raiz instintual e da raiz identitária da sexualidade, bem como algumas das sua implicações , , especificarei os conflitos sexuais correspondentes bem como os distúrbios que deles resultam . Na ultima parte do artigo , analisarei uma tese adicional de Winnicott, a de que ambas as raízes da sexualidade humana são fincadas no chão comum do processo de amadurecimento e que todos os conflitos do tipo sexual são relacionados ao conflito mais profundo entre o ser e o fazer, concebido como problema universal dos seres humanos inerente nesse processo.This paper has the aim to present the central ideas of Winnicott's theory of sexuality. The main thesis put forward being that Winnicott rewrote the psychoanalytic theory of this phaenomenon showing that it has two roots: instincts and interrelating a part from instinctual drives, the first giving origin to neuroses and the second to dissociations. After describing each one of these two roots, the article shows that they are related to a still deeper conflict, the one between being and doing, which is conceived by Winnicott as a universal problem emerging from the maturation process of human individuals. (shrink)

In this essay I provide a critical analysis of the Enlightenment program—focusing particularly on the thought of Hegel, Rouseau, Kant, and Nietszche—describing the central dangers inherent in the program. I conclude with reflections generated from the post-metaphysical responses to the Enlightenment made by Giddens and Heidegger.

O presente artigo começa pela crítica do projeto de Tugendhat de tomar a análise da linguagem do segundo Wittgenstein como o método geral da filosofia, em particular, da filosofia moral, para em seguida, tentar decidir se o mesmo método pode ser usado como procedimento de leitura da analítica heideggeriana do Dasein. Na continuação, proponho-me a examinar se o programa de Tugendhat de racionalizar o agir humano, herdado do iluminismo, pode servir de quadro teórico para compreender a fenomenologia heideggeriana da responsabilidade.

The article considers the Greek ideal of moderation, most often expressed through the notion of the Mean. It is not merely a pangreek ideal, but an ancient and everlasting inheritance, which converged to the education in the unity of ‘goodness and beauty’. It is lived in the polis, as it was also a personal aspiration of the inner soul. In Aristotle’s politics, the source of moderation is primarily connected to the balance of political orders, however there is another perspective in (...) which it is more about the virtue and moral qualities of aristocracy, which identifies the good man and citizen. That approach is more akin to research conducted in Aristotle’s texts on ethics. Careful analysis of these distinctions from the book Politics is concluded with insights on education and virtue as complementary aspects of practical philosophy. (shrink)

Many species maintain cytosine DNA methyltransferase (MTase) genes belonging to the Dnmt2 family. Prokaryotic modification‐restriction systems utilize DNA methylation to distinguish between self and foreign DNA, and cytosine methylation in eukaryotic DNA contributes to epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression. However, Dnmt2 proteins display only low or no DNA MTase activity, making this protein family the odd and enigmatic family member. Recent evidence showed that Dnmt2 proteins are not DNA but RNA MTases with functions in biological processes as diverse as (...) stress responses and RNA‐mediated inheritance. These observations not only raise profound questions regarding the perceived substrate specificities of cytosine MTase, but also suggest links between DNA and RNA modification systems. Here, we speculate that Dnmt2 proteins might be part of an ancient cytosine modification toolbox that is used to successfully respond to environmental challenges, including constantly evolving RNA and DNA substrates. (shrink)

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit Husserls Lehre von der kategorialen An­schauung als einem der wichtigsten Momente seines Versuchs der Grund­legung der Phänomenologie als eidetischer Wissenschaft. Ausgehend von Husserls phänomenologischen Kritik an Versuchen einer Naturalisierung des Bewusstseins, werden insbesondere die Probleme der Bedeutungs­intention und -erfüllung, des Unterschieds zwischen sinnlicher und kate­gorialer Anschauung, der kategorialen Formung und der sog. Wesens­anschauung erörtert. In diesem Zusammenhang geht es auch um die Abgrenzung des Husserlschen transzendentalphilosophischen Ansatzes von der transzendentalphilosophischen Axiomatik Immanuel Kants.

The main aim of shamanic initiation among the Yanomami people of the Upper Orinoco River region in Venezuela is the metamorphosis of the human body into a cosmic body, or what I term "corporeal cosmogenesis." During the initiatory ordeal, the neophyte undergoes an intense experience of death through dismemberment by the spirits and subsequent rebirth, thus overcoming the human condition and becoming an individual living spirit. But, at the same time, he becomes a "collection" of other spirits who leave their (...) natural habitats—located on the mountaintops and in the forest—and move into the initiate's body, which becomes their abode. As the candidate surrenders his soul and humanness to the spirits, the latter become his personal allies and sources of power while imbuing the shaman's postmortem ego with certain properties that can best be described in holographic terms. After the shaman's biological death, his personal spirits become disembodied again and disperse back into the forest and on the mountaintops. When the shaman dies, his soul multiplies, as each of the disembodied spirits becomes a carrier of the shaman's soul image. In this way, through initiations, the shaman becomes a part of a dynamic cosmic circuity, as his hekura can be called upon to invade the bodies of new shamans, and start a cosmogonic initiatory act anew. (shrink)

Više začuđuje da je Aristip, koji se smatra rodonačelnikom kirenskog hedonizma, sokratovac, nego činjenica da je rodom iz mediteranske Kirene. Grad u kome je rođen, osnovali su nekoliko stoljeća prije grčki koloni, koji su došli s otoka Tere. Po Pindaru, njegova je porodica bila najbogatija i najuzvišenijeg roda u cijeloj Libiji, čime se objašnjava činjenica što je budući hedonist, od malena, bio naviknut na život u raskoši. Nikada ga nisu smatrali sokratovcem u pravom smislu te riječi , što će biti (...) razlogom spora među Sokratovim sljedbenicima. Svijet čulne realnosti kojem je on pripadao, s jedne strane, te Platonov idealni, s druge, implicira pitanje Sokratova izvornog učenja: hedonistički, kirenski ili onaj platonizirani Sokrat, kako sugerira najveći broj istraživača?The fact that Aristippus, considered the founding father of Cyrenaic hedonism, is a Socratic is far more astounding than the fact that he was born in Cyrene on the Mediterranean. His hometown was founded a few centuries earlier by Greek colonists arriving from the Island of Thera. According to Pindar, his family was the richest and of the noblest lineage in the whole of Libya, which says that this future hedonist had been used to a life in luxury ever since he was born. He was never considered a Socratic in the true sense of the word , which was to become the cause of controversy between Socrates’s followers. The world of sensual reality he belonged to on the one hand and Plato’s world of ideas on the other pose the question of Socrates’s original orientation – was he originally a hedonist, a Cyrenaic or a Platonist, which is what most researchers suggest? (shrink)