The PhilPapers SurveysHighest linear correlations (Back to contents)

Correlations with: Truth:correspondence

N = 931 (target faculty). Cut-off = +/-0.05

n < 10 omitted. Some redundant or trivial correlations are not shown.

Jump to: Main Survey questions | Philosophical orientation | Background questions

flip contingency tables

Main Survey questions

Answer Corrrelation coefficient
Science:scientific realism0.362
scientific realism scientific anti-realism
correspondence
89.2%(413/463)
6.2%(29/463)
not correspondence
62.5%(209/334)
28.4%(95/334)
Response pairs: 847   p-value: < 0.001
Meta-ethics:moral realism0.294
moral realism moral anti-realism
correspondence
70%(316/451)
22.6%(102/451)
not correspondence
44.7%(148/331)
48.3%(160/331)
Response pairs: 833   p-value: < 0.001
Laws of nature:non-Humean0.287
non-Humean Humean
correspondence
74.3%(334/449)
18.7%(84/449)
not correspondence
47.1%(148/314)
42.9%(135/314)
Response pairs: 808   p-value: < 0.001
External world:non-skeptical realism0.218
non-skeptical realism not non-skeptical realism
correspondence
89.4%(417/466)
8.3%(39/466)
not correspondence
75.5%(250/331)
19.6%(65/331)
Response pairs: 848   p-value: < 0.001
Abstract objects:Platonism0.198
Platonism nominalism
correspondence
49.4%(227/459)
40.3%(185/459)
not correspondence
31.9%(105/329)
58.3%(192/329)
Response pairs: 837   p-value: < 0.001
Moral judgment:cognitivism0.19
cognitivism non-cognitivism
correspondence
78.6%(349/444)
15.7%(70/444)
not correspondence
61%(199/326)
28.2%(92/326)
Response pairs: 817   p-value: < 0.001
Knowledge claims:invariantism0.181
invariantism not invariantism
correspondence
43.8%(182/415)
45.5%(189/415)
not correspondence
29%(86/296)
61.1%(181/296)
Response pairs: 755   p-value: < 0.001
Proper names:Millian0.169
Millian Fregean
correspondence
49.6%(204/411)
37.7%(155/411)
not correspondence
33.3%(97/291)
47.4%(138/291)
Response pairs: 743   p-value: < 0.001
Logic:classical0.154
non-classical classical
correspondence
19.3%(82/423)
68.7%(291/423)
not correspondence
30.9%(91/294)
53.7%(158/294)
Response pairs: 759   p-value: < 0.001
not Zombies:inconceivable0.146
inconceivable not inconceivable
correspondence
15.7%(68/432)
74.7%(323/432)
not correspondence
22%(66/300)
60%(180/300)
Response pairs: 775   p-value: < 0.001
Knowledge:rationalism0.145
rationalism empiricism
correspondence
40.7%(192/471)
36.7%(173/471)
not correspondence
27.9%(93/333)
51.3%(171/333)
Response pairs: 854   p-value: < 0.001
Analytic-synthetic distinction:yes0.143
yes no
correspondence
73.2%(345/471)
23.1%(109/471)
not correspondence
58.5%(196/335)
37.3%(125/335)
Response pairs: 858   p-value: < 0.001
A priori knowledge:yes0.133
yes no
correspondence
77.8%(366/470)
15.5%(73/470)
not correspondence
65.7%(219/333)
25.5%(85/333)
Response pairs: 853   p-value: < 0.001
not External world:skepticism0.123
skepticism not skepticism
correspondence
4.2%(20/466)
93.5%(436/466)
not correspondence
5.4%(18/331)
89.7%(297/331)
Response pairs: 848   p-value: < 0.001
not External world:idealism0.12
idealism not idealism
correspondence
2.7%(13/466)
95%(443/466)
not correspondence
6.6%(22/331)
88.5%(293/331)
Response pairs: 848   p-value: < 0.001
not Knowledge claims:contextualism0.119
contextualism not contextualism
correspondence
41.4%(172/415)
47.9%(199/415)
not correspondence
52.7%(156/296)
37.5%(111/296)
Response pairs: 755   p-value: 0.001
Perceptual experience:representationalism0.115
representationalism not representationalism
correspondence
48.5%(184/379)
38.2%(145/379)
not correspondence
34.2%(90/263)
50.9%(134/263)
Response pairs: 678   p-value: 0.002
Trolley problem:switch0.114
switch don't switch
correspondence
78.4%(343/437)
8.2%(36/437)
not correspondence
69.5%(219/315)
16.1%(51/315)
Response pairs: 802   p-value: 0.001
Normative ethics:consequentialism0.11
consequentialism not consequentialism
correspondence
31.1%(128/411)
56.6%(233/411)
not correspondence
25.3%(73/288)
62.8%(181/288)
Response pairs: 743   p-value: 0.002
Aesthetic value:objective0.098
objective subjective
correspondence
51.2%(232/453)
37.3%(169/453)
not correspondence
39.4%(129/327)
42.8%(140/327)
Response pairs: 831   p-value: 0.004
not Perceptual experience:disjunctivism0.093
disjunctivism not disjunctivism
correspondence
10%(38/379)
76.7%(291/379)
not correspondence
20.1%(53/263)
65%(171/263)
Response pairs: 678   p-value: 0.015
Perceptual experience:qualia theory0.091
qualia theory not qualia theory
correspondence
18.4%(70/379)
68.3%(259/379)
not correspondence
12.9%(34/263)
72.2%(190/263)
Response pairs: 678   p-value: 0.017
Time:A-theory0.091
A-theory B-theory
correspondence
32.3%(104/321)
43.9%(141/321)
not correspondence
27.5%(56/203)
52.7%(107/203)
Response pairs: 550   p-value: 0.032
Mind:physicalism0.087
physicalism non-physicalism
correspondence
61.4%(289/470)
28.2%(133/470)
not correspondence
53.4%(178/333)
36%(120/333)
Response pairs: 854   p-value: 0.01
Zombies:metaphysically possible0.079
metaphysically possible not metaphysically possible
correspondence
30.3%(131/432)
60.1%(260/432)
not correspondence
21.6%(65/300)
60.3%(181/300)
Response pairs: 775   p-value: 0.027
Personal identity:further-fact view0.078
further-fact view not further-fact view
correspondence
16.4%(69/419)
65.1%(273/419)
not correspondence
10.8%(32/296)
68.2%(202/296)
Response pairs: 759   p-value: 0.031
Newcomb's problem:two boxes0.078
one box two boxes
correspondence
28.9%(100/345)
49.2%(170/345)
not correspondence
33.3%(80/240)
42%(101/240)
Response pairs: 621   p-value: 0.052
Moral motivation:externalism0.07
externalism internalism
correspondence
41.2%(161/390)
42.8%(167/390)
not correspondence
35.6%(102/286)
47.9%(137/286)
Response pairs: 721   p-value: 0.06
Epistemic justification:externalism0.069
externalism internalism
correspondence
53.5%(239/446)
29.3%(131/446)
not correspondence
50.7%(162/319)
32.9%(105/319)
Response pairs: 812   p-value: 0.049
Free will:libertarianism0.067
libertarianism not libertarianism
correspondence
17.6%(81/458)
75.5%(346/458)
not correspondence
11.6%(38/327)
79.5%(260/327)
Response pairs: 833   p-value: 0.053
Mental content:externalism0.06
externalism internalism
correspondence
61%(267/437)
26.5%(116/437)
not correspondence
56.6%(184/325)
27.3%(89/325)
Response pairs: 807   p-value: 0.088
Personal identity:biological view0.058
biological view not biological view
correspondence
20%(84/419)
61.5%(258/419)
not correspondence
18.5%(55/296)
60.4%(179/296)
Response pairs: 759   p-value: 0.11
Politics:libertarianism0.054
libertarianism not libertarianism
correspondence
13.7%(51/371)
68.1%(253/371)
not correspondence
10%(29/289)
74%(214/289)
Response pairs: 699   p-value: 0.153

Philosophical orientation

Answer Corrrelation coefficient
not xian:Wittgenstein0.162
Wittgenstein not Wittgenstein
correspondence
4.8%(23/473)
95.1%(450/473)
not correspondence
13.6%(46/338)
86.3%(292/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: < 0.001
tradition:analytic0.159
analytic continental
correspondence
92.6%(438/473)
1.2%(6/473)
not correspondence
84%(284/338)
6.2%(21/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: < 0.001
not AOS:19th Century Philosophy0.152
19th Century Philosophy not 19th Century Philosophy
correspondence
1.4%(7/473)
98.5%(466/473)
not correspondence
8.2%(28/338)
91.7%(310/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: < 0.001
not AOS:20th Century Philosophy0.151
20th Century Philosophy not 20th Century Philosophy
correspondence
2.1%(10/473)
97.8%(463/473)
not correspondence
8.5%(29/338)
91.4%(309/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: < 0.001
not AOS:Social and Political Philosophy0.131
Social and Political Philosophy not Social and Political Philosophy
correspondence
5.9%(28/473)
94%(445/473)
not correspondence
14.7%(50/338)
85.2%(288/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: < 0.001
AOS:Philosophy of Mind0.127
Philosophy of Mind not Philosophy of Mind
correspondence
26%(123/473)
73.9%(350/473)
not correspondence
15%(51/338)
84.9%(287/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: < 0.001
xian:Locke0.121
Locke not Locke
correspondence
6.1%(29/473)
93.8%(444/473)
not correspondence
1.1%(4/338)
98.8%(334/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: < 0.001
not xian:Kant0.12
Kant not Kant
correspondence
8.8%(42/473)
91.1%(431/473)
not correspondence
17.1%(58/338)
82.8%(280/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: < 0.001
AOS:Metaphysics0.103
Metaphysics not Metaphysics
correspondence
30%(142/473)
69.9%(331/473)
not correspondence
21%(71/338)
78.9%(267/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.002
not AOS:Metaphilosophy0.1
Metaphilosophy not Metaphilosophy
correspondence
0.8%(4/473)
99.1%(469/473)
not correspondence
4.1%(14/338)
95.8%(324/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.003
not AOS:Continental Philosophy0.098
Continental Philosophy not Continental Philosophy
correspondence
1.2%(6/473)
98.7%(467/473)
not correspondence
3.8%(13/338)
96.1%(325/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.003
not xian:Hegel0.092
Hegel not Hegel
correspondence
~0.2%(~1/473)
~99.7%(~472/473)
not correspondence
2.9%(10/338)
97%(328/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.006
AOS:Epistemology0.091
Epistemology not Epistemology
correspondence
21.1%(100/473)
78.8%(373/473)
not correspondence
13.3%(45/338)
86.6%(293/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.007
not xian:Nietzsche0.091
Nietzsche not Nietzsche
correspondence
0.8%(4/473)
99.1%(469/473)
not correspondence
3.8%(13/338)
96.1%(325/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.007
xian:Russell0.086
Russell not Russell
correspondence
8.4%(40/473)
91.5%(433/473)
not correspondence
4.4%(15/338)
95.5%(323/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.011
AOS:Philosophy of Religion0.085
Philosophy of Religion not Philosophy of Religion
correspondence
6.5%(31/473)
93.4%(442/473)
not correspondence
2.6%(9/338)
97.3%(329/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.012
not xian:Hume0.079
Hume not Hume
correspondence
11.6%(55/473)
88.3%(418/473)
not correspondence
17.7%(60/338)
82.2%(278/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.02
xian:Moore0.063
Moore not Moore
correspondence
4%(19/473)
95.9%(454/473)
not correspondence
2%(7/338)
97.9%(331/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.064
not xian:Rawls0.062
Rawls not Rawls
correspondence
3.3%(16/473)
96.6%(457/473)
not correspondence
5.9%(20/338)
94%(318/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.068
not AOS:Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality0.06
Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality not Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality
correspondence
0.8%(4/473)
99.1%(469/473)
not correspondence
2.3%(8/338)
97.6%(330/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.078
not xian:Marx0.06
Marx not Marx
correspondence
0.8%(4/473)
99.1%(469/473)
not correspondence
2.6%(9/338)
97.3%(329/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.078
not xian:Quine0.054
Quine not Quine
correspondence
5.4%(26/473)
94.5%(447/473)
not correspondence
8.8%(30/338)
91.1%(308/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.112
AOS:Philosophy of Law0.051
Philosophy of Law not Philosophy of Law
correspondence
3.8%(18/473)
96.1%(455/473)
not correspondence
1.1%(4/338)
98.8%(334/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.134

Background questions

Answer Corrrelation coefficient
gender:male0.123
male female
correspondence
86.1%(391/454)
13.8%(63/454)
not correspondence
78.4%(251/320)
21.5%(69/320)
Response pairs: 819   p-value: < 0.001
not affil:region:United Kingdom0.084
United Kingdom not United Kingdom
correspondence
17.3%(82/473)
82.6%(391/473)
not correspondence
23.9%(81/338)
76%(257/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.013
affil:region:United States0.078
United States not United States
correspondence
63.4%(300/473)
36.5%(173/473)
not correspondence
56.8%(192/338)
43.1%(146/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.021
not nationality_region:United Kingdom0.07
United Kingdom not United Kingdom
correspondence
14.3%(68/473)
85.6%(405/473)
not correspondence
19.5%(66/338)
80.4%(272/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.039
phd_region:United States0.067
United States not United States
correspondence
54.7%(259/473)
45.2%(214/473)
not correspondence
50%(169/338)
50%(169/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.049
nationality_region:United States0.061
United States not United States
correspondence
53.2%(252/473)
46.7%(221/473)
not correspondence
47.3%(160/338)
52.6%(178/338)
Response pairs: 863   p-value: 0.073