Abstract

In Naissance de la clinique, Michel Foucault develops a theory of the socialization of perception called “archaeology of the medical gaze.” According to this model, the everyday gaze is conditioned by a perceptual code that determines both the features worthy of attention and the meaning to be attributed to them, called “regimes of visibility.” The aim of this article is to describe the interests and difficulties of such a project. I will show that Foucault does not develop any real theory of perception, which weakens his model in two ways: first, at the theoretical level, it leaves aside the question of the transformation of the perceptual code that has been brought to light; second, at the empirical level, it is unable to account for contemporary ethnographies of medical practice.