Natura Mater: O Habitar Ético na Natureza: Segundo Ludwig Feuerbach

Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 59 (3):689 - 711 (2003)
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Abstract

O presente artigo propõe-se mostrar até que ponto o pensamento de Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872) antecipa a tendência geral da filosofia contemporânea para ultrapassar o antropocentrismo e colocar no fundamento da realidade a correlaçāo originária entre Homem e Natureza. Numa parte inicial são sucessivamente abordados aspectos da filosofia da natureza e da ontologia da sensibilidade, conducentes à autonomia, ao valor intrínseco e à plenitude do real. Em seguida, considera-se a existência humana do ponto de vista concreto na diversidade de relações que estabelece com o mundo natural. Finalmente, são analisados os principios da ética feuerbachiana da natureza, que conjuga a ética objectiva - do valor intrínseco e dos direitos de todos os seres, incluindo os animais - e a ética subjectiva, no apelo a uma atitude de responsabilidade e a uma contenção do agir por parte do ser humano. /// The present article wishes to show to what degree the thought of Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872) anticipates the general tendency in contemporary philosophy to overcome anthropocentrism and to place at the very foundation of reality the original correlation binding humankind with nature. In the initial part, aspects of the philosophy of nature and the ontology of affections (or feeling), leading to the notions of the autonomous, intrinsic, and fullness of the real are treated. In a second moment, human existence is considered in regard to the diversity of its relations with the natural world. Finally, the principles of Feuerbachian ethics of nature are dealt with. It will be seen that it conjugates the objective ethics of intrinsic value and the rights of all beings, including animals, with a subjective ethics with its call to responsibility and restraint on the part of human beings.

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