Results for ' E-Z Reader'

970 found
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  1. The e-z reader model of eye-movement control in reading: Comparisons to other models.Erik D. Reichle, Keith Rayner & Alexander Pollatsek - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):445-476.
    The E-Z Reader model (Reichle et al. 1998; 1999) provides a theoretical framework for understanding how word identification, visual processing, attention, and oculomotor control jointly determine when and where the eyes move during reading. In this article, we first review what is known about eye movements during reading. Then we provide an updated version of the model (E-Z Reader 7) and describe how it accounts for basic findings about eye movement control in reading. We then review several alternative (...)
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  2.  98
    E-z reader 7 provides a platform for explaining how low- and high-level linguistic processes influence eye movements.Gary E. Raney - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):498-499.
    E-Z Reader 7 is a processing model of eye-movement control. One constraint imposed on the model is that high-level cognitive processes do not influence eye movements unless normal reading processes are disturbed. I suggest that this constraint is unnecessary, and that the model provides a sensible architecture for explaining how both low- and high-level processes influence eye movements.
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  3.  82
    E-z reader's assumptions about lexical processing: Not so easy to define the two stages of word identification?Sally Andrews - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):477-478.
    E-Z Reader's account of the interaction between oculomotor and cognitive processes depends critically on distinguishing between early and late stages of lexical processing, because this distinction allows saccadic programming to be decoupled from shifts of attention. Precisely specifying the nature of this distinction has important implications both for current models of lexical retrieval and for the development of E-Z Reader 8.
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  4.  27
    Using E-Z Reader to simulate eye movements in nonreading tasks: A unified framework for understanding the eye–mind link.Erik D. Reichle, Alexander Pollatsek & Keith Rayner - 2012 - Psychological Review 119 (1):155-185.
  5.  45
    Future challenges to e-z reader: Effects of OVP and morphology on processing long and short compounds.Jukka Hyönä & Raymond Bertram - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):488-489.
    We argue that although E-Z Reader does a good job in simulating many basic facts related to readers' eye movements, two phenomena appear to pose a challenge to the model. The first has to do with word length mediating the way compound words are identified; the second concerns the effects of initial fixation position in a word on eye behavior.
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  6.  34
    Extending the E‐Z Reader Model of Eye Movement Control to Chinese Readers.Keith Rayner, Xingshan Li & Alexander Pollatsek - 2007 - Cognitive Science 31 (6):1021-1033.
    Chinese readers' eye movements were simulated in the context of the E-Z Reader model, which was developed to account for the eye movements of readers of English. Despite obvious differences between English and Chinese, the model did a fairly good job of simulating the eye movements of Chinese readers. The successful simulation suggests that the control of eye movements in reading Chinese is similar to that in an alphabetic language such as English.
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  7.  43
    The basic assumptions of e-z reader are not well-founded.Françoise Vitu - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):506-507.
    This commentary focuses on the two basic assumptions of the E-Z Reader model, discussing the possibility that adjacent words in reading may be processed in parallel rather than serially, and presenting evidence against a cognitive control of eye guidance in reading.
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  8.  73
    The effects of frequency and predictability on eye fixations in reading: An evaluation of the e-z reader model.Laurent Sparrow, Sébastien Miellet & Yann Coello - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):503-505.
    We tested whether the E-Z Reader model can be generalised to the French language. The simulation showed that the model can account for the frequency effect. The predictability effect is moreover accurate for word skipping, but not for fixation times. We think that this model is psychologically plausible for certain aspects of reading and we have used it to evaluate the performance of dyslexic readers.
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  9.  40
    Reading the scene: Application of e-z reader to object and scene perception.Peter De Graef & Filip Germeys - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):479-480.
    We discuss five basic principles of E-Z Reader in terms of their potential for models of eye-movement control in object and scene perception. We identify several obstacles which may hinder the extrapolation of the E-Z Reader principles to nonreading tasks, yet find that sufficient similarities remain to justify using E-Z Reader as a guide for modeling eye-movement control in object and scene perception.
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  10.  59
    Psycholinguistic processes affect fixation durations and orthographic information affects fixation locations: Can e-z reader cope?Simon P. Liversedge & Sarah J. White - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):492-493.
    This commentary focuses on two aspects of eye movement behaviour that E-Z Reader 7 currently makes no attempt to explain: the influence of higher order psycholinguistic processes on fixation durations, and orthographic influences on initial and refixation locations on words. From our understanding of the current version of the model, it is not clear how it may be readily modified to account for existing empirical data.
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  11.  70
    Investigating the causes of wrap-up effects: Evidence from eye movements and E–Z Reader.Tessa Warren, Sarah J. White & Erik D. Reichle - 2009 - Cognition 111 (1):132-137.
  12.  48
    Philosophies of Art and Beauty. [REVIEW]M. Z. E. - 1967 - Review of Metaphysics 20 (4):743-743.
    Unlike most anthologies in aesthetics and the philosophy of art, the present selection does not try to collect representative extracts from the writings of most, or even many, important aestheticians throughout the ages. It aims for depth rather than width and tries to do as much justice as possible to those aestheticians which it does include, without bothering much about those left out. The result is really impressive. No less than 138 pages are devoted to Plato and Aristotle alone, where (...)
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  13.  21
    The Meaning of Proper Names, with a Definiens Formula for Proper Names in Modern English. [REVIEW]M. Z. E. - 1967 - Review of Metaphysics 20 (4):733-734.
    The first six chapters of this book present and criticize six views of the nature of proper names, among which are theories that proper names have no meaning or connotation, that proper names have more meaning than other signs or that their meaning is infinite, that ordinary proper names should be analysed into "logically" proper names, etc. This part of the book is the best. One may find in these chapters several well-reasoned arguments which seem to totally demolish the theories (...)
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  14.  73
    Comparing quality of reporting between preprints and peer-reviewed articles in the biomedical literature.Olavo B. Amaral, Vanessa T. Bortoluzzi, Sylvia F. S. Guerra, Steven J. Burgess, Richard J. Abdill, Pedro B. Tan, Martin Modrák, Lieve van Egmond, Karina L. Hajdu, Igor R. Costa, Gerson D. Guercio, Flávia Z. Boos, Felippe E. Amorim, Evandro A. De-Souza, David E. Henshall, Danielle Rayêe, Clarissa B. Haas, Carlos A. M. Carvalho, Thiago C. Moulin, Victor G. S. Queiroz & Clarissa F. D. Carneiro - 2020 - Research Integrity and Peer Review 5 (1).
    BackgroundPreprint usage is growing rapidly in the life sciences; however, questions remain on the relative quality of preprints when compared to published articles. An objective dimension of quality that is readily measurable is completeness of reporting, as transparency can improve the reader’s ability to independently interpret data and reproduce findings.MethodsIn this observational study, we initially compared independent samples of articles published in bioRxiv and in PubMed-indexed journals in 2016 using a quality of reporting questionnaire. After that, we performed paired (...)
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  15.  35
    Neural plausibility and validation may not be so e-z.Sara C. Sereno, Patrick J. O'Donnell & Anne B. Sereno - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):502-502.
    Although the E-Z Reader model accounts well for eye-tracking data, it will be judged by new predictions and consistency with evidence from brain imaging methodologies. The stage architecture proposed for lexical access seems somewhat arbitrary and calculated timings are conservatively slow. There are certain effects in the literature that seem incompatible with the model.
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  16.  43
    Aesthetics, Criticism, and Psychotherapy.John Z. Sadler - 2005 - Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 12 (4):307-310.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology 12.4 (2005) 307-310 [Access article in PDF] Aesthetics, Criticism, and Psychotherapy John Z. Sadler Keywords aesthetics, psychiatry, psychotherapy, Sibley In his wide-ranging survey of how Kantian aesthetic theory is implicated in psychothera-py, John Callender has raised at least a dozen potentially profound and rewarding possibilities in applying aesthetic theory to psychiatry and psychotherapy. Although the idea of marrying aesthetic theory to psychiatry and psychotherapy is (...)
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  17.  36
    Epistemological Writings. [REVIEW]M. Z. J. - 1978 - Review of Metaphysics 32 (1):141-142.
    Although some of Helmholtz’s scientific suggestions are dated with the progress of science, his ontological statements as well as his epistemological studies are still an object of philosophical controversy. The selection of Helmholtz’s epistemological writings, edited as volume 79 in the Synthese Library, contains four papers originally published in German between 1868 and 1887. In these papers are considered among others the epistemological aspects of measuring and numbering, the issues of perceptual cognition, the theory of geometrical knowledge, and the relationship (...)
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  18.  46
    An Analysis of the Time Course of Lexical Processing During Reading.Heather Sheridan & Erik D. Reichle - 2016 - Cognitive Science 40 (3):522-553.
    Reingold, Reichle, Glaholt, and Sheridan reported a gaze-contingent eye-movement experiment in which survival-curve analyses were used to examine the effects of word frequency, the availability of parafoveal preview, and initial fixation location on the time course of lexical processing. The key results of these analyses suggest that lexical processing begins very rapidly and is supported by substantial parafoveal processing. Because it is not immediately obvious that these results are congruent with the theoretical assumption that words are processed and identified in (...)
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  19.  40
    Selection for fixation and selection for orthographic processing need not coincide.Albrecht W. Inhoff & Kelly Shindler - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):489-490.
    The E-Z Reader model assumes that the parafoveal selection for fixation and the subsequent selection for attention allocation encompass the same spatially distinct letter cluster. Recent data suggest, however, that an individual letter sequence is selected for fixation and that more than one letter sequence can be selected for attention allocation (processing).
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  20.  41
    On keeping word order straight.Alan Kennedy - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):490-491.
    E-Z Reader is a highly successful model of eye-movement control, employing the notion of a serial-sequential attentional spotlight switched from word to word. Evidence of parallel processing of words in text calls this notion into question. Modifications to the model to accommodate this evidence are possible but will not address the fundamental objection that reading should not be seen as “surrogate listening.”.
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  21.  27
    The eye-movement engine.Wayne S. Murray - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):494-495.
    E-Z Reader fits key parameters from one corpus of eye movement data, but has not really been tested with new data sets. More critically, it is argued that the key mechanism driving eye movements – a serial process involving a proportion of word recognition time – is implausible on the basis of a broad range of experimental findings.
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  22.  51
    Attention, saccade programming, and the timing of eye-movement control.Ralph Radach, Heiner Deubel & Dieter Heller - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):497-498.
    E-Z Reader achieves an impressive fit of empirical eye movement data by simulating core processes of reading in a computational approach that includes serial word processing, shifts of attention, and temporal overlap in the programming of saccades. However, when common assumptions for the time requirements of these processes are taken into account, severe constraints on the time line within which these elements can be combined become obvious. We argue that it appears difficult to accommodate these processes within a largely (...)
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  23.  73
    Where to look next? The missing landing position effect.Geoffrey Underwood - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):505-506.
    The E-Z Reader 7 model is powerful but incomplete. When programming the saccade to the next word, we take into account the familiarity of the letter sequences at the beginning of that word. This landing position effect is well established, but is neglected in the model. A possible locus for the effect is suggested within the E-Z Reader framework.
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  24.  47
    Is (p ⊃q) = (∼p \vee q) df. a proper definition in the system of principia mathematica?E. Z. Nemesszeghy & E. A. Nemesszeghy - 1971 - Mind 80 (318):282-283.
  25.  8
    Problema nachala v pravoponimanii: monografii︠a︡.E. Z. Bekbaev - 2015 - Moskva: Infra-M.
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  26.  37
    The Work Ethic and Our National Culture.E. Z. Maimina - 1993 - Russian Studies in Philosophy 32 (1):52-57.
    A work ethic is people's attitude to work—imprinted in a complex of moral values and norms, embodied in categories and examples of the culture, and expressed in human behavior, above all in the sphere of labor activity. In my understanding, a work ethic is a component part of the socioeconomic genotype of a society. A SEG is a kind of information mechanism of "social inheritance" that ensures the reproduction of the structure and principles of a particular social system's functioning, regulation, (...)
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  27. Ḳunṭres Ḳol ḳore baḥure Yiśraʼel: oyfruf tsu der Idisher yugend: divre ḥizuḳ bi-ḳedushat ha-yesod.E. Z. Portugal - 1980 - [Brooklyn, N.Y.?: Admor mi-Sḳolen.
     
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  28.  52
    Heideggers Philosophie der Kunst. [REVIEW]E. Z. M. - 1981 - Review of Metaphysics 34 (3):621-623.
    F.-W. von Herrmann was a close associate of Heidegger during the final four years of the philosopher’s life. During that time, he not only had many conversations with him, but was also granted access to many writings just now appearing in the Gesamtausgabe. As a result of his proximity to Heidegger, as well as to his writings, von Herrmann seems in a unique position to provide an authoritative account of Heidegger’s work.
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  29.  39
    The Development of Husserl’s Thought. [REVIEW]E. Z. M. - 1981 - Review of Metaphysics 34 (3):605-606.
    This excellent work defends the radical nature of Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology from those who want to turn it into a kind of realism. The influence of such "revisionists" "is so strong at present that the historical Husserl threatens to vanish from sight completely". Husserl, de Boer insists, eventually defined consciousness as absolute being which constitutes the world within itself. "Husserl’s entire development becomes incomprehensible when this idealism is denied". According to de Boer, Franz Brentano convinced the young Husserl that the (...)
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  30.  46
    On the creative role of the definition (p ⊃q) = (∼p ∨q) D f in the system of principia: Reply to V. H. Dudman (I) and R. Black (II). [REVIEW]E. Z. Nemesszeghy & E. A. Nemesszeghy - 1973 - Mind 82 (328):613-616.
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  31.  58
    The game of word skipping: Who are the competitors?Ralf Engbert & Reinhold Kliegl - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):481-482.
    Computational models such as E-Z Reader and SWIFT are ideal theoretical tools to test quantitatively our current understanding of eye-movement control in reading. Here we present a mathematical analysis of word skipping in the E-Z Reader model by semianalytic methods, to highlight the differences in current modeling approaches. In E-Z Reader, the word identification system must outperform the oculomotor system to induce word skipping. In SWIFT, there is competition among words to be selected as a saccade target. (...)
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  32.  31
    Throwing the baby out with the bathwater: Problems in modeling aggregated eye-movement data.Gary Feng - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):482-483.
    Parameters in E-Z Reader models are estimated on the basis of a simple data set consisting of 30 means. Because of heavy aggregation, the data have a severe problem of multicolinearity and are unable to adequately constrain parameter values. This could give the model more power than the empirical data warrant. Future models should exploit the richness of eye movement data and avoid excessive aggregation.
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  33.  30
    The problem of going from: Science policy and 'human factors' in the experience of developing countries.A. A. Ignatyev & E. Z. Mirskaja - 1989 - Social Epistemology 3 (3):217 – 227.
  34.  24
    The Role of Hyalomma Truncatum on the Dynamics of Rift Valley Fever: Insights from a Mathematical Epidemic Model.Henri E. Z. Tonnang, Shirley Abelman & Sansao A. Pedro - 2016 - Acta Biotheoretica 65 (1):1-36.
    To date, our knowledge of Rift Valley fever disease spread and maintenance is still limited, as flooding, humid weather and presence of biting insects such as mosquitoes, have not completely explained RVF outbreaks. We propose a model that includes livestock, mosquitoes and ticks compartments structured according to their questing and feeding behaviour in order to study the possible role of ticks on the dynamics of RVF. To quantify disease transmission at the initial stage of the epidemic, we derive an explicit (...)
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  35.  10
    Life in the posthuman condition: critical responses to the anthropocene.S. E. Wilmer & Audronė Žukauskaitė (eds.) - 2023 - Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
    This collection reconsiders the notion of life and conceptualizes those forms of life which have been excluded from modern philosophy, such as post-Anthropocene life, the life of non-human animals and the life of inorganic objects"-- Provided by publisher.
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  36.  25
    (1 other version)Modernist Heresies [Damon Franke, Modernist Heresies: British Literary History, 1883–1924 ].K. E. Garay - 2008 - Russell: The Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies 28 (1):89-93.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:September 27, 2008 (1:09 pm) G:\WPData\TYPE2801\russell 28,1 048RED.wpd Reviews 89 MODERNIST HERESIES K.yE. Garay Arts & Science/Research Collections / McMaster U. Hamilton, on, Canada l8s 4m2 garay@mcmaster.ca Damon Franke. Modernist Heresies: British Literary History, 1883–1924. Columbus : Ohio State U. P., 2008. Pp. xx, 258. isbn 978-0-8142-1074-1 (hb). us$47.95. The editor of the Russell journal summed up Modernist Heresies: British Literary History, 1883–1924z with his usual brevity during a (...)
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  37.  47
    S̲h̲umnulu Ḥāfıż Ḥilmī Efendi’s Work of Turkish Tajwīd in Verse Ẓafar.Oğuz Yilmaz - 2020 - Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 24 (1):519-538.
    As in the Arab and Persian literatures, many works have been written on the education and teaching of tajwīd, which provides the correct reading of the Qurʼān in Islamic Turkish Literature. Works on this subject were written generally as prose. Besides, some of these works were written in verse style because of practical benefits in education. In this context, the work named Ẓafar written by S̲h̲umnulu Ḥilmī Efendi (d. 1200/1785-86), which is one of the poetical tajwīds that has not been (...)
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  38.  64
    Eye movements in reading: Models and data.Keith Rayner, Alexander Pollatsek & Erik D. Reichle - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):507-518.
    The issues the commentators have raised and which we address, include: the debate over how attention is allocated during reading; our distinction between early and late stages of lexical processing; our assumptions about saccadic programming; the determinants of skipping and refixations; and the role that higher-level linguistic processing may play in influencing eye movements during reading. In addition, we provide a discussion of model development and principles for evaluating and comparing models. Although we acknowledge that E-Z Reader is incomplete, (...)
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  39. Ėtos nauki.L. P. Kii︠a︡shchenko & E. Z. Mirskai︠a︡ (eds.) - 2008 - Moskva: Academia.
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  40. Research Report.Eyal M. Reingold & Keith Rayner - unknown
    A critical prediction of the E-Z Reader model is that experimental manipulations that disrupt early encoding of visual and orthographic features of the fixated word without affecting subsequent lexical processing should influence the processing difficulty of the fixated word without affecting the processing of the next word. We tested this prediction by monitoring participants’ eye movements while they read sentences in which a target word was presented either normally or altered. In the critical condition, the contrast between the target (...)
     
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  41. Regressions and eye movements: Where and when.Manuel Perea & Manuel Carreiras - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):497-497.
    Reichle et al. argue that the mechanism that determines where to fixate the eyes is controlled mostly by low-level processes. Therefore, unlike other competing models (e.g., the SWIFT model), the E-Z Reader model cannot account for “global” regressions as a result of linguistic difficulties. We argue that the model needs to be extended to account for regressive saccades.
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  42.  68
    How can selection-for-perception be decoupled from selection-for-action?Cécile Beauvillain & Pierre Pouget - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):478-479.
    Evidence is presented for the notion that selection-for-perception and selection-for-action progress in parallel to become tightly coupled at the saccade target before the execution of the movement. Such a conception might be incorporated in the E-Z Reader model of eye-movement control in reading.
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  43.  60
    Please stop using word frequency data that are likely to be word length effects in disguise.Marc Brysbaert & Denis Drieghe - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):479-479.
    Reichle et al. claim to successfully simulate a frequency effect of 60% on skipping rate in human data, whereas the original article reports an effect of only 4%. We suspect that the deviation is attributable to the length of the words in the different conditions, which implies that E-Z Reader is wrong in its conception of eye guidance between words.
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  44.  27
    Are there two populations of refixations in the reading of long words?Karine Doré-Mazars, Dorine Vergilino-Perez & Thérèse Collins - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):480-481.
    This commentary focuses on the limitations of the E-Z Reader model in its attempt to explain refixation saccades in reading. Listing factors that influence probability of refixating leads the model to assume two sorts of refixations. However, taking into account data on the metrics of refixation saccades allows us to propose an alternative explanation for empirical observations reported in the literature.
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  45.  50
    Visual word recognition and oculomotor control in reading.Lynn Huestegge, Jonathan Grainger & Ralph Radach - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):487-488.
    A central component in the E-Z Reader model is a two-stage word processing mechanism made responsible for both the triggering of eye movements and sequential shifts of attention. We point to problems with both the verbal description of this mechanism and its computational implementation in the simulation. As an alternative, we consider the use of a connectionist processing module in combination with a more indirect form of cognitive eye-movement control.
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  46.  38
    Basic assumptions concerning eye-movement control during reading.George W. McConkie & Shun-Nan Yang - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):493-494.
    Reichle et al. specify two assumptions as being basic to E-Z Reader: Words are sequentially attended during fixations, and saccades are triggered by a cognitive event. We point out that there is little evidence for the first assumption and counterevidence for the second. Also, the labile/nonlabile stage distinction in saccade preparation seems to be contrary to current evidence. An alternative explanation of saccade onset times in reading assumes that saccades are strategically generated, independent of language processing, but are delayed (...)
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  47.  58
    Linguistically guided refixations.Jeremy Pacht - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):496-497.
    I discuss evidence for direct linguistic control of refixations and argue that the E-Z Reader model's account of refixations requires elaboration or revision.
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  48.  69
    Eye-movement control in reading: Models and predictions.Eyal M. Reingold - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (4):500-501.
    It is argued here that a critical prediction of the E-Z Reader model is that experimental manipulations that disrupt early encoding of visual and orthographic features of the fixated word without affecting subsequent lexical processing should influence the processing difficulty of the fixated word without producing any processing effect on the next word. This prediction is explained and illustrated.
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  49. Sovremennai︠a︡ zapadnai︠a︡ sot︠s︡iologii︠a︡ nauki: kriticheskiĭ analiz.V. Zh Kelle, E. Z. Mirskai︠a︡ & A. A. Ignatʹev (eds.) - 1988 - Moskva: Nauka.
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  50.  10
    Ėstetika këz kʺaram: (ana literatura bla baĭlamly) = Ėsteticheskoe otnoshenie k deĭstvitelʹnosti i ėsteticheskai︠a︡ myslʹ balkarskogo naroda.Z. Kh Tolgurov - 2013 - Nalʹchik: Kabardino-Balkarskiĭ Institut gumanitarnykh issledovaniĭ.
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