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Philosophy of Cognitive Science, Miscellaneous
Edited by Armin W. Schulz (University of Kansas)
About this topic
| Summary |
The philosophy of cognitive science concerns philosophical issues that arise in cognitive science. Indeed, cognitive science is itself partly a philosophical project: it combines tools and insights from psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, biology, anthropology, and philosophy. Initially unified by a commitment to a computational and representational outlook on cognition, cognitive science has increasingly come to embrace a wide variety of theoretical and methodological outlooks. Major questions that are being considered in the philosophy of cognitive science include: (i) Which (if any) cognitive processes or states are innate (in which organisms)? (ii) Should cognitive processes be seen as computational processes—and, if so, over what do they compute? (iii) What are the relationships between cognitive processes and neural (and other physiological) processes? |
| Key works | Fodor 1983 is a classic—and still very influential—defense of the view that the mind consists of a handful of specialized and informationally encapsulated input and output systems, plus a central reasoning system. A more recent defense of a different, more empiricist view of cognition is in Prinz 2002 . |
| Introductions | Two good introductions are: Clark 2001 Thagard 2006 |
Show all references
Related
Subcategories
Nativism in Cognitive Science (266 | 161)
Evolution of Cognition (835 | 126)
Extended Cognition* (715 | 92)
Animal Minds (1,742 | 355)
Animal Consciousness (392 | 42)
Animal Cognition (505 | 49)
Animal Communication (101)
Animal Culture (109)
Animal Metacognition (10)
Animal Moral Cognition (110)
Animal Reason (17)
Animal Test (7)
Animal Minds, Misc (160)
Interlevel Relations in Cognitive Science (598 | 139)
Psychophysical Reduction* (625 | 10)
Psychophysical Supervenience* (196)
Other Psychophysical Relations* (420 | 51)
Cognitive Ontologies* (88)
See also
- General Philosophy of Science (55,202)
Contents
10787 found
Order:
| 1 — 50 / 10787 |
Material to categorize
- Can we “see” value? Spatiotopic “visual” adaptation to an imperceptible dimension.Sam Clarke & Sami Yousif - manuscriptAdaptation is a fundamental mechanism of biological cognitive systems. To many, adaptation is also a litmus test — a tool for discerning what is perceived as opposed to what is merely judged at the level of post-perceptual cognition. Here, we provide evidence for a form of adaptation that challenges this latter suggestion. Across six experiments, we found consistent evidence of adaptation to a seemingly imperceptible dimension: arbitrarily assigned value. We show that this adaptation is spatially indexed (i.e., spatiotopic), specific (i.e., (...)
- How to Interpret the QBist Constraint.Mark Brewer - manuscriptThis paper refines and applies the QBist constraint, which holds that consciousness requires an irreducibly first-person, self-updating inferential structure. Inspired by Quantum Bayesianism (QBism), the constraint is framed not as a positive theory of consciousness, but as a metatheoretical adequacy condition applicable across candidate frameworks. I argue that theories of consciousness — including the Free Energy Principle, Predictive Processing, Global Workspace Theory, Higher-Order Thought Theory, and Integrated Information Theory — can be evaluated against this constraint. The paper shows how each (...)
- Using enactive robotics to think outside of the problem-solving box: How sensorimotor contingencies constrain the forms of emergent autononomous habits.Matthew Egbert & Xabier E. Barandiaran - 2022 - Frontiers in Neurorobotics 16:1-23.We suggest that the influence of biology in ‘biologically inspired robotics’ can be embraced at a deeper level than is typical, if we adopt an enactive approach that moves the focus of interest from how problems are solved to how problems emerge in the first place. In addition to being inspired by mechanisms found in natural systems or by evolutionary design principles directed at solving problems posited by the environment, we can take inspiration from the precarious, self-maintaining organization of living (...)
- Generics as Expectations: Typicality and Diagnosticity.Peter Gärdenfors & Matías Osta-Vélez - 2025 - Ratio 38 (1):16-26.Generic statements play a crucial role in concept learning, communication and education. Despite many efforts, the semantics of generics remain a controversial issue, as they do not seem to fit our standard theories of meaning. In this article, we attempt to shed light on this problem by focusing on how these sentences function in reasoning. Drawing on a distinction between property and diagnostic generics, we defend three theses: First, property generics are not about facts but express relations between concepts. Second, (...)
- Action Just Is Knowledge.Chi-Keung Chan - 2025 - Philosophical Explorations 28 (1):103-121.This article offers a novel interpretation of enacted knowledge through the lens of Wang Yangming’s theory of the unity of knowledge and action. By framing Wang’s concept of knowledge within an enactive model, it advances a holistic perspective that integrates mind, body, and world, as well as knowledge and action, into a unified whole. To bridge historical analysis with contemporary philosophical discourse, this article engages in dialogue with Harvey Lederman’s introspective model, offering a complementary framework that, together, provides a more (...)
- La cumbre de los neuroderechos no humanos: una reflexión bioética sobre la dicotomía existencial robot humanizado y humano robotizado.David Ernesto Diaz Navarro - 2024 - Ius Et Scientia 10 (2):171-182.El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar, desde tres dimensiones, los derechos del ser humano, en contraste con los derechos de las má-quinas: (1) la inteligencia natural frente a la inteligencia artificial, (2) el aspecto intelectivo (sense) y el aspecto emotivo (sensibility) de la razón y (3) el aspecto de la corporalidad cibernética de los androides, respecto de la corporalidad orgánica de los seres humanos (incluidos, claro está, los cíborgs). La delimitación implica cuestionar hasta qué punto es plausible predicar derechos (...)
- Personal/Subpersonal Distinction.Zoe Drayson - 2024 - Open Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science.The distinction between personal-level and subpersonal-level attributions of cognition raises interesting questions. What is the relationship between personal-level and subpersonal-level attributions of cognition, for example? Does the personal/subpersonal distinction pick out two different kinds of cognitive processes, or does it merely reflect two different kinds of explanatory projects we might have? This piece gives an overview of the personal/subpersonal distinction and explores how the distinction is used to guide research in cognitive science and beyond.
- John Poinsot and John Deely.Frank Nuessel - 2024 - Studia Poinsotiana.This essay addresses two preeminent figures in the study of the doctrine of signs. The first is John Poinsot (9 July 1589 – 15 June 1644). The second is John Deely (26 April 1942 – 7 January 2017). In many ways, the academic lives of these two noteworthy scholars are forever intertwined because of their scholarly contributions to the doctrine of signs. On the one hand, John Poinsot authored a very significant, but long neglected document, Tractatus de Signis, which articulated (...)
- How do scientists think? Contributions toward a cognitive science of science.Nancy J. Nersessian - 2024 - Topics in Cognitive Science (00):1-27.In this article, I discuss and demonstrate how research into real‐world scientific problem‐solving provides a novel window on the mind and insight into the human capacity to design and utilize resource rich environments at the highly creative end of the cognitive spectrum.
- The Ideological Receptor in Normal Cognitive Function.James Watkins - manuscriptIn this article I review the defining qualities of an ideology, and I introduce the notion of an ideological receptor, which I propose to be an innate cognitive structure in normal human beings. The existence of this ideological receptor would explain the common human tendency toward embracing ideologies essentially spontaneously and uncritically. This tendency is relevant to critical thinking due to the fact that some ideologies are comprised of beliefs that are false, or maladaptive, or beliefs that prescribe actions that (...)
- Dysinferentia: A Potential Learning Disability in Logic.James Watkins - manuscriptHaving taught informal logic and critical thinking for decades, I surmise that there are rare learners who seem to manifest an undocumented learning disability marked by the incapacity to recognize when two or more propositions bear an inferential relationship to one another. As implied, this proposed learning disability does not yet seem to be recognized formally by the scientific community. The purpose of this brief paper is twofold: First, I simply intend to note that my anecdotal teaching experiences suggest that (...)
- Implementing artificial consciousness.Leonard Dung & Luke Kersten - 2024 - Mind and Language 40 (1):1-21.Implementationalism maintains that conventional, silicon-based artificial systems are not conscious because they fail to satisfy certain substantive constraints on computational implementation. In this article, we argue that several recently proposed substantive constraints are implausible, or at least are not well-supported, insofar as they conflate intuitions about computational implementation generally and consciousness specifically. We argue instead that the mechanistic account of computation can explain several of the intuitions driving implementationalism and noncomputationalism in a manner which is consistent with artificial consciousness. Our (...)
- Two senses of medium independence.Danielle J. Williams - forthcoming - Mind and Language.The term “medium independence” has different meanings. One sense maps onto “abstract-as-abstracta” descriptions while the other maps onto “abstract-as-omission” descriptions. Both senses have been deployed when it comes to understanding the nature of physical computation. However, because medium independence is a polysemic term, the sense being used should be clearly stated. If the sense is not clearly stated, then those who wish to engage in debates regarding medium independence and physical computation run the risk of conflating different but related issues (...)
- Semantic Internalism and Externalism In Paleolinguistics: Mind Your Language About Proto‐Indo‐European Mind And Language!Vanja Subotić - 2024 - In Janko Nešić & Vanja Subotić, Philosophy, Cognition, and Archaeology. Belgrade: University of Belgrade – Faculty of Philosophy. pp. 175-194.Paleolinguistics (or linguistic paleontology) is a scientific discipline that combines the methodology of historical linguistics with archaeological insights. Specifically, paleolinguists aim to reconstruct the linguistic expression of a particular archeological culture. In this paper I deal with the methodology of paleolinguistics since this has recently come under the scrutiny of philosophersfor instance, Mallory (2020) has argued that tools of the philosophy of language can be employed for charting the space of legitimate use of paleolinguistics, most notably the position of semantic (...)
- Philosophical Dimensions of the Morris Water Maze.Jordan Dopkins - 2023 - Dissertation, University of California, Santa CruzIn 2014, John O’Keefe was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the hippocampus and its role in encoding map-like representations. His contributions were significantly influenced by Morris water maze studies. O’Keefe himself acknowledged the pivotal role of the Morris water maze, stating that it remains the preeminent behavioral assay for assessing hippocampal function. Indeed, thousands of researchers have turned to the Morris water maze for evidence about navigation abilities and the effects that stress, lesions, (...)
- The Minimal Cognitive Grid+, Universal Cognition and Perceptual Performance.Selmer Bringsjord, Paul Bello & James Oswald - 2024 - Proceedings of Aisc 2024, Xx Conference of the Italian Association for Cognitive Science, Rome, Italy, September 18-20, 2024.Lieto’s Minimal Cognitive Grid (MCG) for assessing artificial agents, augmented as the method MCG+, has two implications: (1) MCG+ can advance the mathematical science of universal intelligence/cognition. (2) (a) pre-Lieto, this science lacks of coverage of perception; (b) heralded artificial agents of today are devoid of human-level perceptual intelligence.
- Locating Values in the Space of Possibilities.Sara Aronowitz - forthcoming - Philosophy of Science.Where do values live in thought? A straightforward answer is that we (or our brains) make decisions using explicit value representations which are our values. Recent work applying reinforcement learning to decision-making and planning suggests that more specifically, we may represent both the instrumental expected value of actions as well as the intrinsic reward of outcomes. In this paper, I argue that identifying value with either of these representations is incomplete. For agents such as humans and other animals, there is (...)
- Ranking the cognitive plausibility of computational models of metaphors with the Minimal Cognitive Grid: a preliminary study.Alessio Donvito & Antonio Lieto - 2024 - Proceedings of Aisc 2024, Xx Conference of the Italian Association of Cognitive Science.
- The neglected conscious subject in consciousness science: Commentary on “Beyond task response—Pre-stimulus activity modulates contents of consciousness” by G. Northoff, F. Zilio & J. Zhang.Matthew Owen - 2024 - Physics of Life Reviews 50:61-62.Given the ever-present subject of consciousness wherever consciousness is, it is peculiar that consciousness researchers often mention mental states as if they are conscious independently of being the conscious states of someone [1, p. 132]. We refer to visual perceptions that become conscious, when in reality no one has ever studied mere conscious visual perceptions. What are studied are visual perceptions belonging to conscious human or animal subjects; it is the subjects who are conscious of visual stimuli, not the visual (...)
- Is Complexity Important for Philosophy of Mind?Kristina Šekrst & Sandro Skansi - manuscriptComputational complexity has often been ignored in the philosophy of mind, in philosophical artificial intelligence studies. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First and foremost, to show the importance of complexity rather than computability in philosophical and AI problems. Second, to rephrase the notion of computability in terms of solvability, i.e., treating computability as non-sufficient for establishing intelligence. The Church-Turing thesis is therefore revisited and rephrased in order to capture the ontological background of spatial and temporal complexity. Third, to (...)
- Hawkes’ Ladder, Underdetermination, and the Mind’s Capacities.Adrian Currie & Andra Meneganzin - 2024 - In Thomas Wynn, Karenleigh A. Overmann & Frederick L. Coolidge, Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Archaeology. Oxford University Press. pp. 1107–1128.At base, cognitive archaeology is in the business of using the archaeological record as an inroad to the abilities and expressions of past human minds. This does important work: explaining assemblages and patterns in the record, reconstructing past societies and people, as well as testing and probing hypotheses about minds and their evolution. However, there is often a long bow to be drawn from material traces to cognition; archaeological interpretation is often underdetermined. Using “Hawkes’ ladder” as a foil and drawing (...)
- Therapeutic Chatbots as Cognitive-Affective Artifacts.J. P. Grodniewicz & Mateusz Hohol - 2024 - Topoi 43 (3):795-807.Conversational Artificial Intelligence (CAI) systems (also known as AI “chatbots”) are among the most promising examples of the use of technology in mental health care. With already millions of users worldwide, CAI is likely to change the landscape of psychological help. Most researchers agree that existing CAIs are not “digital therapists” and using them is not a substitute for psychotherapy delivered by a human. But if they are not therapists, what are they, and what role can they play in mental (...)
- Concepts, core knowledge, and the rationalism–empiricism debate.Eric Margolis & Stephen Laurence - 2024 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 47:e137.While Spelke provides powerful support for concept nativism, her focus on understanding concept nativism through six innate core knowledge systems is too confining. There is also no reason to suppose that thecurse of a compositional mindconstitutes a principled reason for positing less innate structure in explaining the origins of concepts. Any solution to such problems must take into account poverty of the stimulus considerations, which argue for postulating more innate structure, not less.
- Elements of Episodic Memory: Insights from Artificial Agents.Alexandria Boyle & Andrea Blomkvist - forthcoming - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B.Many recent AI systems take inspiration from biological episodic memory. Here, we ask how these ‘episodic-inspired’ AI systems might inform our understanding of biological episodic memory. We discuss work showing that these systems implement some key features of episodic memory whilst differing in important respects, and appear to enjoy behavioural advantages in the domains of strategic decision-making, fast learning, navigation, exploration and acting over temporal distance. We propose that these systems could be used to evaluate competing theories of episodic memory’s (...)
- Emotional AI as affective artifacts: A philosophical exploration.Manh-Tung Ho, Tung-Duong Hoang & Manh-Toan Ho - manuscriptIn recent years, with the advances in machine learning and neuroscience, the abundances of sensors and emotion data, computer engineers have started to endow machines with ability to detect, classify, and interact with human emotions. Emotional artificial intelligence (AI), also known as a more technical term in affective computing, is increasingly more prevalent in our daily life as it is embedded in many applications in our mobile devices as well as in physical spaces. Critically, emotional AI systems have not only (...)
- Acting on What You are Perceiving: The Two-Visual-Systems Hypothesis Revisited.Bin Zhao - 2024 - Journal of Neurophilosophy 3 (1).The two-visual-systems hypothesis proposed by Goodale and Milner is a radical one. If it were to be true, then our common sense such as we are acting on what we are perceiving should be completely abandoned. In this paper, I argue that the hypothesis over-generalizes what happens in simple tasks to what happens in complex tasks. By contrast, I demonstrate that what happens in complex tasks is compatible with our common sense. In a word, though what we are acting on (...)
- Constructing persons: On the personal–subpersonal distinction.Mason Westfall - 2024 - Philosophical Psychology 37 (4):831-860.What’s the difference between those psychological posits that are ‘me” and those that are not? Distinguishing between these psychological kinds is important in many domains, but an account of what the distinction consists in is challenging. I argue for Psychological Constructionism: those psychological posits that correspond to the kinds within folk psychology are personal, and those that don’t, aren’t. I suggest that only constructionism can answer a fundamental challenge in characterizing the personal level – the plurality problem. The things that (...)
- Mental Time Travel in Animals: The “When” of Mental Time Travel.Andrew J. Latham, Kristie Miller & Rasmus Pedersen - 2024 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 379 (1913).While many aspects of cognition have been shown to be shared between humans and non-human animals, there remains controversy regarding whether the capacity to mentally time travel is a uniquely human one. In this paper, we argue that there are four ways of representing when some event happened: four kinds of temporal representation. Distinguishing these four kinds of temporal representation has five benefits. First, it puts us in a position to determine the particular benefits these distinct temporal representations afford an (...)
- Machina sapiens.Nello Cristianini - 2024 - Bologna: Il Mulino -.Machina sapiens - l;algoritmo che ci ha rubato il segreto della conoscenza. -/- Le macchine possono pensare? Questa domanda inquietante, posta da Alan Turing nel 1950, ha forse trovato una risposta: oggi si può conversare con un computer senza poterlo distinguere da un essere umano. I nuovi agenti intelligenti come ChatGPT si sono rivelati capaci di svolgere compiti che vanno molto oltre le intenzioni iniziali dei loro creatori, e ancora non sappiamo perché: se sono stati addestrati per alcune abilità, altre (...)
- Vẻ đẹp của những phát hiện mới nhỏ bé trong nghiên cứu.Phạm Hiệp - 2024 - Khoa Học Và Phát Triển.Công chúng kỳ vọng mỗi nghiên cứu đều phải cho những kết quả ấn tượng, trong khi trên thực tế, hầu hết các nghiên cứu chỉ có thể đưa ra những kết luận nhỏ bé, dè dặt. Liệu có gì sai ở đây không? (KH&PT; ngày 23/2/2024).
- Mixed-grain Property Collaboration: Reconstructing Multiple Realization after the Elimination of Levels.Robert D. Rupert - manuscriptThis paper was written for and presented at a symposium on Multiple Realizability at the Central Division of the APA in 2022. It's in somewhat rough shape, especially the later parts. I hope to be in a position soon to post a revised and more carefully worked out version. The basic argument of the first half is this: Realization of the interesting sort (and thus MR of the interesting sort) requires tidy separation of levels (with realizers being at a lower (...)
- Ancient Greek Mathematical Proofs and Metareasoning.Mario Bacelar Valente - 2024 - In Maria Zack, Research in History and Philosophy of Mathematics. Annals of the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Mathematics. pp. 15-33.We present an approach in which ancient Greek mathematical proofs by Hippocrates of Chios and Euclid are addressed as a form of (guided) intentional reasoning. Schematically, in a proof, we start with a sentence that works as a premise; this sentence is followed by another, the conclusion of what we might take to be an inferential step. That goes on until the last conclusion is reached. Guided by the text, we go through small inferential steps; in each one, we go (...)
- مجلة كراسات تربوية. العدد03. يناير 2018.الصديق الصادقي العماري وآخرون & Seddik Sadiki Amari - 2018 - maroc المغرب .Errachidia الرشيدية: Imprimerie Belaf9ih مطبعة بنلفقيه. Edited by الصديق الصادقي العماري وآخرون.تقديم من دون شك، أن الرؤية الإستراتيجية شكلت أهم حدث بارز في إصلاح منظومة التربية والتكوينفي الآونة الأخيرة، غير أن المتتبع للحقل التربوي منذ بداية الإصلاحات سيقارن بين المنطلقات التي بني عليها الإصلاح منذ بداياته الأولى، وبين المحطات البارزة التي مر منها، وبين النتائج التي وصل إليها على رأس كل إصلاح، إضافة إلى انعكاسات جميع الإصلاحات على شخصية المتعلمين والمربين، وكذا على واقع المجتمع الذي عشناه والذي نعيشه الآن، وربما لكل واحد رؤية افتراضية لهذا الواقع ولو بشكل مبسط. هل فعلا (...)
- When remediating one artifact results in another: control, confounders, and correction.David Colaço - 2024 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 46 (1):1-18.Scientists aim to remediate artifacts in their experimental datasets. However, the remediation of one artifact can result in another. Why might this happen, and what does this consequence tell us about how we should account for artifacts and their control? In this paper, I explore a case in functional neuroimaging where remediation appears to have caused this problem. I argue that remediation amounts to a change to an experimental arrangement. These changes need not be surgical, and the arrangement need not (...)
- Realism and instrumentalism in Bayesian cognitive science.Danielle Williams & Zoe Drayson - 2023 - In Tony Cheng, Ryoji Sato & Jakob Hohwy, Expected Experiences: The Predictive Mind in an Uncertain World. Routledge.There are two distinct approaches to Bayesian modelling in cognitive science. Black-box approaches use Bayesian theory to model the relationship between the inputs and outputs of a cognitive system without reference to the mediating causal processes; while mechanistic approaches make claims about the neural mechanisms which generate the outputs from the inputs. This paper concerns the relationship between these two approaches. We argue that the dominant trend in the philosophical literature, which characterizes the relationship between black-box and mechanistic approaches to (...)$52.95 new (collection) View on Amazon.comRemove from this list Direct download (2 more)Export citation
Bookmark 2 citations - A planning theory of belief.Sara Aronowitz - 2023 - Philosophical Perspectives 37 (1):5-17.What does it mean to hold a belief? Some of our ways of speaking in English suggest that to hold a belief is to have something in your mind: beliefs are things we acquire, defend, recover, and so on (Abelson, 1986). That is, believing is a matter of being in a state of having a thing. In this paper, I will argue for an alternative: believing is something we do. This is not a new suggestion. For instance, Matthew Boyle (2011) (...)
- Top-down and bottom-up constraints in mechanistic inquiry.Matheus Diesel Werberich - 2023 - Controvérsia 19 (3):87 - 106.Mechanisms play a crucial role in scientific research across various disciplines, and philosophers of science have devoted significant effort into understanding their ontology and epistemology. This paper examines the relationship between mechanisms and phenomena, highlighting the inherent dependence of mechanistic delineation on the characterization of phenomena. By acknowledging that characterizing phenomena is influenced by pragmatic considerations and research interests, the paper argues that mechanistic inquiry is inherently shaped by researchers’ perspectives. This dependence raises concerns about the possibility of a realist (...)
- Emoção, afeto e racionalidade: em direção a uma ontologia do agente cognitivo.Leonardo Lana de Carvalho & Elayne de Moura Braga - 2019 - São Paulo: Cultura Acadêmica. Edited by M. A. Alves.Em diversas perspectivas teóricas existe uma oposição entre racionalidade e emoção. Esta dicotomia é desconstruída de uma perspectiva cognitiva das emoções. Neste capítulo, defenderemos que afetos, emoções e racionalidade são dimensões cognitivas, pois significam conhecimento que os organismos realizam no mundo. Em um primeiro momento, baseados principalmente na obra de Dennett (1997) e de Livet (2002), analisamos os conceitos de afeto, emoção e racionalidade. Em seguida, partimos para o objetivo central do texto que é, a partir das ontologias elaboradas por (...)
- Metaphysics of concepts: In defense of the abilitist approach.Ilya Bulov - 2023 - Theoria 89 (5):625-639.Abilitism is an approach to the metaphysics of concepts according to which each concept consists of a managing cognitive ability coordinating other abilities (cognitive and non-cognitive) and a set of subordinate abilities associated with this managing ability. As I argue here, if we accept the abilitist approach, we can efficiently solve such puzzles in the metaphysics of concepts as the partial possession problem, the concept pluralism problem, etc. However, there are some possible objections to abilitism, concerning the abilitist explanation of (...)
- Extended Implicit Bias: When the Metaphysics and Ethics of Implicit Bias Collide.Uwe Peters - 2022 - Erkenntnis 88 (8):3457-3478.It has recently been argued that to tackle social injustice, implicit biases and unjust social structures should be targeted equally because they sustain and ontologically overlap with each other. Here I develop this thought further by relating it to the hypothesis of extended cognition. I argue that if we accept common conditions for extended cognition then people’s implicit biases are often partly realized by and so extended into unjust social structures. This supports the view that we should counteract psychological and (...)
- Are machines radically contextualist?Ryan M. Nefdt - 2023 - Mind and Language 38 (3):750-771.In this article, I describe a novel position on the semantics of artificial intelligence. I present a problem for the current artificial neural networks used in machine learning, specifically with relation to natural language tasks. I then propose that from a metasemantic level, meaning in machines can best be interpreted as radically contextualist. Finally, I consider what this might mean for human‐level semantic competence from a comparative perspective.
- Epistemic Challenges in Neurophenomenology: Exploring the Reliability of Knowledge and Its Ontological Implications.Anna Shutaleva - 2023 - Philosophies 8 (5):94.This article investigates the challenges posed by the reliability of knowledge in neurophenomenology and its connection to reality. Neurophenomenological research seeks to understand the intricate relationship between human consciousness, cognition, and the underlying neural processes. However, the subjective nature of conscious experiences presents unique epistemic challenges in determining the reliability of the knowledge generated in this research. Personal factors such as beliefs, emotions, and cultural backgrounds influence subjective experiences, which vary from individual to individual. On the other hand, scientific knowledge (...)
- Toward biologically plausible artificial vision.Mason Westfall - 2023 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 46:e290.Quilty-Dunn et al. argue that deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) optimized for image classification exemplify structural disanalogies to human vision. A different kind of artificial vision – found in reinforcement-learning agents navigating artificial three-dimensional environments – can be expected to be more human-like. Recent work suggests that language-like representations substantially improves these agents’ performance, lending some indirect support to the language-of-thought hypothesis (LoTH).
- Emotional creativity: Emotional experience as creative product.Radek Trnka - 2023 - In: Cambridge Handbook of Creativity and Emotions (pp. 321-339). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Z. Ivcevic, J. D. Hoffmann & J. C. Kaufman.This chapter summarizes the conceptual foundations and research on emotional creativity. Emotional creativity is defined as a pattern of cognitive abilities and personality traits related to originality and appropriateness in emotional experience. This construct pervades human creative performance and represents an important link between emotional experience and cognitive processes. Empirical research in this field has revealed various links of emotional creativity to personality variables (e.g., openness to experience), positive affect, fantasy proneness, coping strategies, post-traumatic growth, better self-understanding, and one’s engagement (...)
- What are Coincidences? A Philosophical Guide Between Science and Common Sense.Alessandra Melas & Pietro Salis - 2023 - Wilmington: Vernon Press. Edited by Pietro Salis.It is a common opinion that chance events cannot be understood in causal terms. Conversely, according to a causal view of chance, intersections between independent causal chains originate accidental events, called “coincidences”. Firstly, this book explores this causal conception of chance and tries to shed new light on it. Such a view has been defended by authors like Antoine Augustine Cournot and Jacques Monod. Second, a relevant alternative is provided by those accounts that, instead of acknowledging an intersection among causal (...)
- How do people use and appraise concepts?James A. Hampton (ed.) - forthcoming - Switzerland: Springer Nature.To approach the many challenges involved in the notion of engineering concepts, it is important to have a clear idea of the starting point – the concepts that people use in their everyday lives, in conversations and in expressing beliefs, desires, intentions and so forth. The first Section of this chapter introduces evidence that I have accumulated over the last many years concerning the flexibility, context-dependence, and vagueness of such common concepts. The concept engineer needs to understand the structure of (...)
- Modelling Belief Dynamics.Manuel Bremer - manuscriptThe following considerations concern modelling Belief Dynamics (BD) not just in the sense of a formalization, but rather in the sense of building a computational model and implementing the corresponding data structures and algorithms of recomputing beliefs. The purpose of such a project is to illustrate some ideas about belief changes in a Web of Beliefs (WoB) to explore and deepen one's understanding of belief changes by trying to implement or improve corresponding algorithms.
- Expanded Social Reality: A New Framework to Study Social Systems.Lucia C. Neco - 2023 - Dissertation, University of Western AustraliaHumans are social beings. However, we are not alone in the realm of social reality; we share this space with diverse entities, including more than just animals. The term "social" has recently been applied to describe the collective behaviors of microorganisms and plants, as well as interactions among parts and groups of organisms. Therefore, there is a need to develop a framework that enables the study of social phenomena in a clearer and less restrictive manner. In this thesis, I lay (...)
- The Ecological Brain: Unifying the Sciences of Brain, Body, and Environment.Favela Luis H. - 2024 - Routledge.The Ecological Brain is the first book of its kind, using complexity science to integrate the seemingly disparate fields of ecological psychology and neuroscience. The book develops a unique framework for unifying investigations and explanations of mind that span brain, body, and environment: the NeuroEcological Nexus Theory (NExT). Beginning with an introduction to the history of the fields, the author provides an assessment of why ecological psychology and neuroscience are commonly viewed as irreconcilable methods for investigating and explaining cognition, intelligent (...)
- Hasty Generalizations Are Pervasive in Experimental Philosophy: A Systematic Analysis.Uwe Peters & Olivier Lemeire - 2023 - Philosophy of Science.Scientists may sometimes generalize from their samples to broader populations when they have not yet sufficiently supported this generalization. Do such hasty generalizations also occur in experimental philosophy? To check, we analyzed 171 experimental philosophy studies published between 2017 and 2023. We found that most studies tested only Western populations but generalized beyond them without justification. There was also no evidence that studies with broader conclusions had larger, more diverse samples, but they nonetheless had higher citation impact. Our analyses reveal (...)
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