In this paper, I will demonstrate how methods originating from phenomenology (i.e., practical or empirical phenomenology) can contribute to advancing research and understanding of autism spectrum disorders. While there are already numerous scientific and philosophical theories about autism, gaining a deeper insight into the nature of this condition will require studying subjective and intersubjective experiences. Autistic individuals themselves must be actively involved in such research. Given that autism is most often understood, across numerous theories and approaches, and especially within the (...) phenomenological framework, as a different form of intersubjectivity (or intercorporeality), social interaction and social cognition, the study of these phenomena will be of particular importance. The chosen subject of research also demands a specific and appropriate methodology, one that must itself carry the mark of interactivity. For this reason, I will examine why it is crucial to develop phenomenological research on autism and what methodological solutions have already been proposed and applied to move toward achieving this goal. (shrink)

Ovaj rad želi u dilemama s kojima se suočavaju suvremene društvene znanosti pri nastojanju artikuliranja koncepcije kolektivnog identiteta prepoznati motive mišljenja identiteta koje je već iskušavala spekulativna filozofska tradicija. Čini se da jednim zaobilaznim i tako reći »empirijskim« putem prve ponavljaju paradokse potonje: udarajući na samu granicu diskurzivnog poimanja identiteta, svjedoče o unutrašnjoj proturječnosti i, istovremeno, neophodnosti njegovog instaliranja. Oba pristupa ustanovljuju neizbježnu »dijalektičku« suigru identiteta i razlike, koji se, čak i u svojim radikalnim samoafirmacijama, međusobno podrazumijevaju, konstituiraju i podržavaju. (...) Upitno, međutim, ostaje koliko je takva njihova »apstraktna« strukturalna su-upućenost operativna, kao i je li moguće misliti mimo ili preko nje.In confronting dilemmas of contemporary social science when attempting to articulate the concept of collective identity, this paper would try to recognize the motives of thinking the identity that has already been tried by the speculative philosophical tradition. It appears that in roundabout, so called “empirical” way the former are repeating the paradox of the latter: aiming at the boundary of the discursive understanding of the identity, they testify inner contradictions, and at the same time, necessity of establishing it. Both approaches ascertain unavoidable “dialectical” inter-play of the identity and the difference, that even in their radical self affirmation, imply, constitute, and endorse one another. However, there is still the question of how much is this “abstract” structural co-dependency operative, and also, is it possible to think past it or over it. (shrink)

Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati iskustva stresa kod odgojitelja i nastavnika tijekom COVID-19 pandemije te ispitati prediktivnu vrijednost nekih osobnih obilježja odgojitelja/nastavnika, izvora stresa, strategija suočavanja i socijalne podrške u objašnjenju doživljaja stresa, sagorijevanja na poslu i nade u budućnost. Online upitnik primijenjen je na uzorcima od 491 nastavnika i 316 odgojitelja. Rezultati su pokazali da su odgojitelji i nastavnici najvišu razinu stresa doživljavali tijekom prvog vala pandemije korona virusa te da je razina doživljenog stresa tijekom pandemije veća nego prije (...) pandemije. Odgojitelji uobičajene izvore stresa doživljavaju snažnijim nego specifične izvore stresa vezane za pandemiju korona virusa, dok je kod nastavnika obrnuto. Osobna obilježja odgojitelja/nastavnika, izvori stresa, strategije suočavanja i socijalna podrška povezani su s razinom stresa i sagorijevanjem na poslu te nadom u budućnost, ali se prediktivna vrijednost odnosno značajni prediktori razlikuju ovisno o kriteriju i skupini ispitanika. Rezultati ukazuju na pozitivan doprinos samoefikasnosti, strategija suočavanja i socijalne podrške u doživljaju stresa kod odgojitelja i nastavnika tijekom pandemije korona virusa. (shrink)

Ovaj je zbornik nastao kao rezultat istraživanja provedenog unutar istoimenoga znanstveno-istraživačkoga projekta na kojemu su urednici istovremeno bili i glavni istraživači, a ostali autori članovi istraživačke skupine. Kao svjedoci različitih vrsta otklona od prevladavajućeg, uobičajenoga, normalnoga, pozitivnog ili ponašanja koje se karakterizira kao asocijalno, zapitali smo se – što postojeće čini normom, treba li odstupanje od norme nužno smatrati devijacijom i kakvi su poželjni društveni odgovori na odstupanja od normi. Često se smatra ispravnim upravo ono što je prevladavajuće, a ono (...) što predstavlja otklon označava se kao devijacija u negativnome značenju onoga što nije ispravno, nije posve ispravno, ili čak onoga što treba sankcionirati. Naš je početni stav bio da ono što prevladava ne smije biti neupitna norma, kao što ni ono što je otklon nije po automatizmu devijacija. Međutim, ne smatramo ni da prevladavajuću normu, samom tom činjenicom što je prevladavajuća, nužno treba kritizirati te da je svaki otklon po sebi poželjan. Cilj našeg istraživanja bio je istražiti različite oblike deficita i devijacijau u domeni formiranja vjerovanja individualnih, grupnih, kolektivnih i institucijskih epistemičkih aktera (socijalna epistemologija) i u domeni društvenog i institucijskoga djelovanja (filozofija politike i filozofija psihijatrije). Nastavno na to, pokušali smo identificirati vrijednosti postojećih normi, koliko odgovaraju poželjnim vrijednostima te koji su poželjni društveni odgovori na otklone od normi. (shrink)

En tant que communaut? ethnique et groupe social d?favoris?, les Roms se heurtent quotidiennement aux probl?mes relatifs r l?obtention de papiers d?identit? ou autres documents, difficult? qui les prive de leur?galit? devant l?ensemble des citoyens, et les rend m?me inexistants. L?objet de cet te recherche porte sur les d?marches et probl?mes rencontr?s par les demandeurs en vue d?obtenir les documents suivants: a) num?ro d?immatriculation; b) extrait d?acte de naissance, dedans, de mariage; c) certificat de nationalit?; d) d?claration de s?jour et (...) de lieu de r?sidence; e) carte d?identit? et carte de travail, alors que les groupes vis?s par la recherche sont: employ?s et responsables d?offices d??tat civil; demandeurs, interm?diaires avec autorisations, militants roms et leurs associations, commissaires pour les r?fugi?s et personnes d?plac?es, fonctionnaires de certaines communes et secr?taires des communes, repr?sentants de MUP. Nous avons analys? le travail et les difficult?s de travail de certains organismes, ainsi que les probl?mes rencontr?s par les demandeurs et les interm?diaires avec autorisations en vue de se voir d? livrer des documents personnels ou lors des proc?dures d?obtention de documents personnels. En dernier lieu, nos recommandations concernent l?organisation et la coordination des organismes d??tat civil, une meilleure information s?adressant aux demandeurs, et contiennent le concept d?une am?lioration syst?matique de cet?tat de choses visant r ce que les roms de viennent des citoyens?gaux.. Kao deprivirana etnicka zajednica i socijalna grupa Romi se suocavaju u svakodnevnom zivotu sa problemima pribavljanja osnovnih licnih dokumenata, bez kojih su ne samo neravnopravni, nego cesto i neegzistentni gradjani. Predmet istrazivanja su bili postupci i problemi u sticanju sledecih dokumenata: a) jedinstveni maticni broj gradjana; b) izvodi iz maticnih knjiga rodjenih, umrlih, vencanih; c) uverenja o drzavljanstvu; d) prijava boravka i prebivalista e) licne karte i rad ne knjizice, a osnovne ciljne grupe istrazivanja bili su: sluzbenici i rukovodioci izmestenih maticnih ureda; neposredni podnosioci zahteva za izdavanje dokumenata; posrednici sa ovlastenjima ; romski aktivisti i udruzenja, javni zastupnici, poverenici za izbegli ce i raseljena lica; nacelnici pojedinih opstinskih sluzbi i sekretari opstina, predstavnici MUP-a. Analiziran je rad i poteskoce u radu maticnih i drugih sluzbi, problemi neposrednih podnosilaca zahteva za izdavanje nekog od licnih dokumenata i, posrednici sa ovlascenjima. Na kraju je u preporukama o organizaciji i koordinaciji rada maticnih sluzbi, preporukama za bolje informisanje Roma, podnosilaca zahteva i preporukama u korist podnosilaca zahteva sadrzan koncept sistematskog poboljsanja stanja, cime bi se Romima omogucilo da budu istinski ravnopravni gradjani Srbije. (shrink)

Na sveprisutnu opasnost buđenja novih totalitarizama koji uništavaju društvenost i pluralizam, kao moguću posljedicu otuđenja Moderne, upozorila je autorica čije shvaćanje društvenosti čovjeka stoji u aporiji zbog opozicionalnosti između preferiranja elitističke političke slobode antike i augustinovske egalitarne slobode, urođene svim ljudskim bićima. Taj dvovrsni argumentacijski teorijski pravac uvjetovao je njezinu interpretaciju antičkog polisa kao ideala političke zajednice, te razdvajanje socijalne od političke problematike. Prema njoj, Akvinski čini grešku i izjednačava termine politicus i socialis, a to preuzima i Moderna. Ovo je (...) vidljivo npr. u tome što socijalna, ekonomska i tehnička pitanja sve više ulaze u politički prostor . Štošta je tome pomoglo, kako npr. tzv. protestantska etika tako i Francuska revolucija. Mnoštvo "poniženih i uvrijeđenih" željelo je u nastupu novog svijeta svoje osnovne biološke potrebe rješavati kroz ulazak u javnu sferu. Politički elitizam Hannah Arendt taj nastup mnogobrojnih zahtjeva za socijalnom jednakošću i socijalnom emancipacijom smatra dekadencijom autentičnog javnog područja, izvorno slobodnog od nužnosti života. Kako se ovakva pozicija referira na konkretnu problematiku segregacije u javnom obrazovanju, pokazuje analiza njezina teksta "Reflections on Little Rock".Hannah Arendt, whose comprehension of human beings’ sociability stands in aporia because ofoppositionality between preference for elitist political freedom of antiquity and Augustinian egalitarianfreedom, inborn to all human beings, warned of omnipresent peril of awakening of new totalitarianismswhich destroy sociability and pluralism, as a possible consequence of Modernism’salienation. That dual theoretical line of arguing determined her interpretation of antique polis asan ideal of political community, and one of separating social from political problems. According toher, Aquinas made a mistake in equating terms politicus and socialis, and Modernism accepts thatequation. This can be seen in progressive intrusion of social, economic and technical issues into political space . Many factors contributed to that situation, i.e. the Protestant Ethic and FrenchRevolution. In awakening of the new world, many of the oppressed and insulted wanted to satisfytheir basic biological needs by entering the public spheres. Hannah Arendt’s political elitism considersthe emergence of multiple demands for social equality and social emancipation as a decadenceof authentic public space, that is originally free from life’s necessities. My analysis of Arendt’stext »Reflections on Little Rock« shows the consequences of such position in specific problem ofsegregation in public education. (shrink)

Student dorminatory and institutions such as dormitories in the social welfare system represent the educational contexts in which certain groups of young people find themselves. In the education crisis of the modern society, it is necessary to empower young people to be autonomous and participative members of the society. The research question of this paper is: What are the pedagogical aspects of empowerment and how are they manifested in the context of the education taking place in dormitories? The objective of (...) this work is to determine the markers of education and empowerment of young people by observing their common characteristics and to emphasize the importance of educational work in the dormitory environment. The results of the research indicate that empowerment is an important and indispensable process in the upbringing of young people, especially within different forms of dormitory environment, with the aim of developing their further autonomy and participation in the community. (shrink)

It is estimated that in Croatia around 12 000 children have one or both parents in prison, while the number of children of ex-prisoners is even higher. Children of prisoners are stigmatized on daily basis, due to parental incarceration. Regarding the fact that educational institutions can be a safe-places with strong protective role, the survey among pedagogical professionals towards children of prisoners was conducted. Results showed that pedagogical professionals nurture biological determinism, with inconsistency in structural aspects of affects, behavior, and (...) cognition. The structure of the attitudes is not connected with professionals’ working experience, and their formal level of education. However, in the cognition subscale, more positive attitudes have pedagogical professionals with previous experiences with children of prisoners. Obtained results reveal the need for further education about children of prisoners, as well as the need for strengthening the social support for children and families, including peer support, advocacy aimed at broader society, intersectoral cooperation, and participative research engaging the children, families and prisoners. (shrink)

The goal of the research was to question the efficiency of one-time educational programs for high school and college students in positive effects of dealing with ailment/disability. Before and after the educational programs we have gathered data from 11 high school students and 16 college students with semantic differential and measures for perceiving the stage of the handicap, disability and dependence as well as a possibility for a person with chronic illness/disability to lead a happy and fulfilled life. The data (...) have been analyzed by a one sided Sign Test and a one sided Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. In the final measurements we have determined more positive average descriptions of people with a chronic disease/disability by 7 high school and 13 college students. The biggest change in attitude has been recorded in a decreased number of high school students who perceive the challenged as unhappy and weak and in a decreased number of college students who perceive the challenged as unhappy and discouraged. A significant change in attitudes has also been recorded in a decreased number of participants who consider the challenged as weak, sad, passive and resigned and in an increased number of participants who perceive the challenged as productive. There hasn’t been a change in dominantly negative attitudes towards the challenged as people with handicaps, unattractive, disabled and dependent. After the educational programs more than 4/5 of high school and college students declared that due to the acquired knowledge they have a more positive attitude towards the ailment and the challenged and that this will help them improve the relationship towards the challenged and in coping with ailments in their life. In the final measurements the determined positive attitudes of participants towards ailments/disability and the challenged suggest that the educational programs have been relatively efficient and we recommend they are implemented further. (shrink)