SÍNTESE - a característica adorniana de fogo de artificio revelada pela produção artística moderno- contemporânea é própria de todas as obras de arte de qualquer época. A permanência do fato artístico estará entregue à sua ordem de leitura e execução no tempo. Serão apresentadas as características da razão dominadora, o ponto de vista do Ersatz, a leitura da obra como execução e como recepção.

O novo é uma possibilidade, uma realidade ou uma ficção? O encaminhamento de uma possível resposta passa pela concepção da realidade: ou linear: desdobramento de uma totalidade prévia; ou por rupturas: onde o próximo momento pode ser antes nunca existente nem na mente, nem na potencialidade da coisa, nem na natureza. O fundamento da possibilidade da real emergência do novo será buscado na concepção de processo, ponto de partida e resultado. Aparecerá a diferença entre processos naturais e processos que são (...) acontecimentos do querer livre do homem. Assim como também uma discussão sobre a extensão da validade da doutrina aristotélica do ato e potência. De como o querer livre do homem se põe nos caminhos da necessidade do ponto de partida. (shrink)

I explain what exactly constrains presupposition projection in compound sentences and argue that the presuppositions that do not project are conditionalized, giving rise to inferable conditional presuppositions. I combine elements of and which, together with an additional, independently motivated assumption, make it possible to construct an analysis that makes correct predictions. The core of my proposal is as follows: When a speaker felicitously utters a compound sentence whose constituent clauses require presuppositions, the hearer will infer that the speaker presupposes those (...) propositions, unless the sentence contains some element that makes the hearer realize that, if the speaker actually presupposed them, she would be either uninformative or inconsistent in her beliefs. In these cases, the propositions that would have been presupposed, had the clauses been uttered in isolation, will not be presupposed, i.e. the clausal presuppositions will not project. (shrink)

A necessidade da regra, do métodoou de módelos teóricos de referência da interpretaçãotem suscitado um debate dentro e forada filosofia - na área das ciências érh geral e dasciências humanas - sobre o método como critériode rigor e científicidade do conhecimento. Nainterpretação, dentro da abordagem da filosofiahermenêutica, sé faz a discussão entre método eexperiência hermenêutica no âmbito da linguagem.Pretendo apresentar quatro dificuldades emostrar que onde não há método explicito podehaver rigor e regra e qual é esta autonomia derhétodo. Sobretudo, de (...) como um texto - discurso,obra, tradição - pode ser ele mesrho o critériodo processo interpretativo. (shrink)

A bibliographical search through the major libraries of Italy has revealed a large and various collection of writings of logic published during the 19th century before the rise of Peano and his school (from the 1880son). A survey of current findings is provided.

The article aims to introduce the Franciscan theologian Geraldus Odonis into the medieval historiographical debate about the different solutions offered to the famous liar paradox. In the first part the author presents briefly and in a schematic way the main kinds of solution to the sophism to then analyze Odon’s text, answering the question of its originality.

Odon Lottin, O.S.B. was an historian and a moral theologian. As an historian, he studied the scholastic attention to human psychology and morality. As a theologian, he studied the roles that thought and action play in the development of the moral agent. His influence in historical and moral theology has been significant. Nonetheless, moralists and medievalists independently have appropriated his insights. No one has yet studied the relationship between his historical investigations and his moral theology. This work accomplishes that (...) study. ;This dissertation considers Lottin's contributions to both historical and moral theology. Lottin studies the medieval history and understanding of free choice, moral action, the acquired virtues and conscience. He traces this history to uncover specific ideas, expose the development of thought, recognize the emergence of consensus, and find whether satisfying resolutions were achieved. Many of his contemporaries in the manual tradition misinterpreted this history. This misinterpretation was due to their inaccurate or undeveloped historical method. And, just as there was deficiency in their method, there were significant shortcomings in the scope of their theological investigations. Thus, by looking back to history, Lottin presents a moral theology more substantive than the manuals. Each of the first four chapters of this dissertation presents Lottin's historical studies of the major debates, examines his incorporation of that material into his own contribution to the debates' resolutions, and concludes with how his work has been appropriated and where it may yet lead. The final chapter considers Lottin's contribution to the discipline of moral theology. ;Moral theology can neither be ahistorical nor impersonal. Lottin's work demonstrates the necessity of accurate history for interpretation and of critical reflection on the cause of human action. His return to medieval moral theology is a return to human agency. His agent-centered moral theology retrieves prudence and the moral virtues as dynamic means for rightly forming consciences and determining action. Historical and agent-centered moral theology is concerned with theory and practice. The theory of the moral life looks at human intentionality, the practice is its free expression; together they comprise the meaning of self-determination. (shrink)

O artigo aborda o tratado lógico de Geraldo Odon "De duobos communissimis principiis scientiarum" focando na noção de ens tertio adiacens: o ente significado pela totalidade da proposição e seu verificador. Odon o identifica ao sujeito dos princípios de não-contradição e terceiro excluído. O ens tertio adiacens também corresponde ao primeiro objeto adequado do intelecto e ao sujeito da lógica, a qual é entendida como a primeira ciência. Na segunda parte do artigo, localizamos Odon no debate historiográfico (...) do realismo proposicional, ao lado de Walter Burley. This paper deals with Geraldus Odonis' logical treatise "De duobus communissimis principiis scientiarum" by focusing on the concept of 'ens tertio adiacens': the being signified by the totality of the proposition and its truthmaker; Odonis identifies it to the subject of the principles of noncontradiction and excluded middle. The ens tertio adiacens also corresponds to the first adequate object of the intellect and to the subject of logic, which is understood as the first science. In the second part of the paper, we place Odonis in the historiographical debate of propositional realism, alongside Walter Burley. (shrink)

En un artículo anterior expusimos el marco cristológico donde trata la Escolástica la ciencia humana de Jesucristo. Al asumir el Verbo la naturaleza humana de Jesús para llevar a cabo la redención, implica la consideración de la constitución ontológica del Hijo de Dios. Esto se analiza en la cuestión de la unión hipostática. La postura de la Escuela Franciscana arranca de Alejandro de Hales ante las tres opiniones que Pedro Lombardo transmite en las Sentencias. Por otra parte, esta cuestión conduce (...) al análisis de la esencia y propiedades de dicha naturaleza asumida. Con esto se contemplan, no sólo las cualidades naturales, por lo general situadas en el alma de Cristo, sino también los defectos aducidos en el estudio sobre la pasión y muerte de Cristo, centro de la aislada soteriología medieval. (shrink)

Background -- The moral manualists -- Initiating reform : Odon Lottin -- Retrieving Scripture and charity : Fritz Tillman and Gérard Gilleman -- Synthesis : Bernard Häring -- The neo-manualists -- New foundations for moral reasoning, 1970-89 -- New foundations for a theological anthropology, 1980-2000 -- Toward a global discourse on suffering and solidarity -- Afterword: The encyclicals of Pope Benedict XVI.

Le present livre propose l'etude de la constitution, durant le haut Moyen Age latin, d'une position philosophique: le realisme de l'immanence a propos des universaux. Cette position est fondee sur la conviction qu'il existe, dans le monde qui nous entoure, certes des individus particuliers - ce tilleul, cette tortue -, mais aussi des entites universelles. Ces entites n'existent pas separees des individus, mais integralement realisees en eux, sans variation ni degre. Cet engagement philosophique resulte d'une exegese des Categories d'Aristote, reinterpretees (...) selon des philosophemes issus de la pensee de Porphyre. La genealogie de cette position est ici retracee en abordant successivement ses sources tant grecques que latines et ses ancetres patristiques (avant tout Gregoire de Nysse), puis son elaboration conceptuelle durant les premiers siecles du Moyen Age latin jusqu'a la critique qu'en donnera Pierre Abelard, et ce, par l'analyse de l'ontologie des quatre philosophes qui l'ont soutenue: Jean Scot Erigene, Anselme de Canterbury, Odon de Cambrai et Guillaume de Champeaux. Ce parcours permet de dessiner les contours d'un projet philosophique: comprendre, analyser et decrire le monde sensible au moyen des concepts issus de la logique aristotelicienne. (shrink)

RésuméCet article traite de la théorie de l'action du début du XIVesiècle, en particulier de l'émergence et de la cohérence des jugements suscitant l'action. Pour Thomas d'Aquin, les trois «parties de la prudence» sont: 1) l'eubulia(la «bonne délibération»); 2) lasynesis(le «bon jugement»); 3) le commandement d'agir qui en résulte. Le vocabulaire de Thomas d'Aquin, emprunté à l'Éthique à Nicomaqued'Aristote, livre VI, se raffine substantiellement dans les écrits de Gérard Odon et Jean Buridan. Entre autres, leur discussion de la circonspection (...) et de la prudence lors du processus de délibération jette un éclairage nouveau sur la conception que le Moyen Âge sefaisait de la «faiblesse de la volonté». (shrink)