_Revisioning Europe_ is among the few existing English language discussions of the films made by British novelist John Berger and Swiss film director Alain Tanner. It brings to light a political cinema that was both unsentimental about the possibilities of revolutionary struggle and unsparing in its critique of the European left, and at the same time optimistic about the ability of radicalism — while radical art — to transform the world. Jerry White argues that Berger and Tanner's (...) work is preoccupied with ideas that were at the same time central to the Enlightenment and characteristically Swiss. Translations of previously unpublished essays by both Berger and Tanner are included as appendices. (shrink)

Didacticism, romanticism, and classicism are the possible schemata for the knotting of art and philosophy, the third term in this knot being the education of subjects, youth in particular. What characterizes the century that has just come to a close is that, while it underwent the saturation of these three schemata, it failed to introduce a new one. Today, this predicament tends to produce a kind of unknotting of terms, a desperate dis-relation between art and philosophy, together with the pure (...) and simple collapse of what circulated between them: the theme of education. Whence the thesis of which this book is nothing but a series of variations: faced with such a situation of saturation and closure, we must attempt to propose a new schema, a fourth type of knot between philosophy and art. Among these “inaesthetic” variations, the reader will encounter a sustained debate with contemporary philosophical uses of the poem, bold articulations of the specificity and prospects of theater, cinema, and dance, along with subtle and provocative readings of Fernando Pessoa, Ste;phane Mallarme;, and Samuel Beckett. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Place: Towards a Geophilosophy of Photography by Ali ShobeiriElizabeth. L. CoxPlace: Towards a Geophilosophy of Photography BY ALI SHOBEIRI Leiden, The Netherlands: Leiden University Press, 2021In his most recent work, Place: Towards a Geophilosophy of Photography, Ali Shobeiri skilfully demonstrates both the importance of, and fluid ways in which, place plays a dynamic role in the understanding and stories nestled within the seeing and evaluating of photographs and (...) photography. Bringing together the worlds of photography, geography, and philosophy to create an interdisciplinary theoretical understanding of place in relation to photography, Shobeiri has expertly unearthed a nuanced, exciting way of considering the photographic process and images.Shobeiri, an Assistant Professor of Photographic Studies and Visual Arts Theory at Leiden University, brings his knowledge and expertise of visual culture, photographic theory, human geography, and philosophy to the fore in his latest publication. His knowledge, passion, personal interest in photography, and his critical thought come through nicely in his writing, and it is clear that the development of Shobeiri’s ideas and framework have been given a lot of thought, time, and energy. This book meaningfully speaks to those interested in a discussion of place within the realm of photography, evidenced through the depth of knowledge and sheer detail explored within this book.Inspired by his own experience as a photographer and influenced by Edward Casey’s “delimited” definition of place, Shobeiri explores how place is never simply presented or fixed (11). It is here that he expertly uses photography to do this across six different yet clearly complimentary chapters. Critically, there is no way to give a succinct overview of the chapters of this book without losing meaning and diluting Shobeiri’s message; the book is rich, deeply detailed, embedded within philosophical thought, and is nuanced throughout, which is important to remember when reading this non- fiction piece of work.In the first chapter, Shobeiri provides a phenomenological exploration of the importance of the photographer’s body both as a lived experience and a physical entity. He then juxtaposes this duality to the lived [End Page 136] place of the photograph, returning to the notion of fixedness and using the idea of belonging to explore the photographer’s body and the photographic experience as a lived place. The next chapter discusses spatiality and time, and the way in which space is temporalized, using key influences such as Roland Barthes and Susan Collins to illustrate the argument. Central to this is the idea that a photograph captures time, but also aims at space, which raises questions about what this means for the space before the lens. In chapters 3 and 4, the author argues that the photograph itself travels through space, and highlights the importance of the photographic place, allowing us to “bestow meaning upon that space on the photograph’s surface” (67). Interestingly, Shobeiri points to philosophy to help the reader understand this, such as Jacques Derrida, and uses more familiar images and scholarly thought from NASA to discuss blind field and the liminality of photographic place. Chapter 5 moves away from location and journeys the reader to a discussion of places viewed as moment of encounter, specifically considering the spectator and the photograph. This evolves further in the sixth and final chapter insofar as it explores the transition and translation of the photographed place to the communication of the content of the image and the agency of the photograph. Shobeiri finishes with a simple yet engaging epilogue, several helpful notes, and a plethora of references which are useful for further reading.Place: Towards a Geophilosophy of Photography is genuinely interesting, centred within academic scholarship, and employs the thought of theorists that readers of Environment, Space, Place will undoubtably recognise. Scholarly figureheads such as Jacques Derrida, Alain Badiou, and Michel Foucault, space and place authorities such as Tim Cresswell, Tim Ingold, and Doreen Massey, and art aficionados such as Roland Barthes, Susan Collins, and John Berger frequent the pages. Familiar artistic names are also drawn upon, including Ansel Adams, Gert Jan Kocken, and Gerhard Richter, which soften the strong academic tones that this book voices. This work is clearly sophisticated in terms of lexicon and ideas, however... (shrink)

In this final volume of Political Philosophy, Luc Ferry and Alain Renaut summarize these efforts and put forward their own set of arguments.

Explores the link between mathematics and ontology.

PT. 1. PHILOSOPHY AND CIRCUMSTANCES: Introduction -- Philosophy and the question of war today: 1. On September 11 2001: philosophy and the 'War against terrorism' -- 2. Fragments of a public journal on the American war against Iraq -- 3. On the war against Serbia: who strikes whom in the world today? -- The 'democratic' fetish and racism: 4. On parliamentary 'democracy': the French presidential elections of 2002 -- 5. The law on the Islamic headscarf -- 6. Daily humiliation -- (...) Openings/Affirmations: 7. The power of the open: A discourse on the necessity of fusing Germany and France -- 8. Third sketch of a manifesto of affirmationist art -- Notes to part one -- PT. 2. USES OF THE WORD 'JEW': Introduction -- 1. Israel: the country in the world where there are the fewest Jews? -- 2. The destruction of the European Jews and the question of evil (fragments from Ethics: an essay on the understanding of evil, translated by Peter Hallward) -- 3. A dialogue between a Jew from Darzia and an Arab from Epirus -- 4. Saint Paul and the Jews (excerpt from Saint Paul: the foundation of universalism, translated by Ray Brassier) -- 5. Against negationism -- 6. Local angel -- 7. Intervew at the Daily Haaretz -- 8. The master-signifier of the New Aryans (by Cécile Winter) -- 9. The word 'Jew' and the sycophant -- Notes to part two -- PT. 3. HISTORICITY OF POLITICS: LESSONS OF TWO REVOLUTIONS. 1. The Paris commune: a political declaration on politics -- 2. The cultural revolution: the last revolution? -- A brief chronology of the cultural revolution (translated by Bruno Bosteels) -- Notes to part three. (shrink)

In this book a noted physiologist and neuroscientist introduces the concept of simplexity, the set of solutions living organisms find that enable them to deal with information and situations, while taking into account past experiences and anticipating future ones. Such solutions are new ways of addressing problems so that actions may be taken more quickly, more elegantly, and more efficiently. In a sense, the history of living organisms may be summed up by their remarkable ability to find solutions that avoid (...) the world's complexity by imposing on it their own rules and functions. Evolution has resolved the problem of complexity not by simplifying but by finding solutions whose processes--though they can sometimes be complex--allow us to act in the midst of complexity and of uncertainty. Nature can inspire us by making us realize that simplification is never simple and requires instead that we choose, refuse, connect, and imagine, in order to act in the best possible manner. Such solutions are already being applied in design and engineering and are significant in biology, medicine, economics, and the behavioral sciences. (shrink)

In this book, Alan Berger further develops the new theory of reference -- as formulated by Kripke and Putnam -- applying it in novel ways to many philosophical problems concerning reference and existence. Berger argues that his notion of anaphoric background condition and anaphoric links within a linguistic community are crucial not only to a theory of reference, but to the analysis of these problems as well. The book is organized in three parts. In part I, Berger (...) distinguishes between two styles of rigid designation. Based on this distinction, he develops a theory of reference change for rigid designator terms and shows how this distinction sheds light on identity statements. In part II, he offers an account of belief attribution containing vacuous names within the belief context, of intentional identity statements, and of true negative existential statements. In part III, he analyzes anaphoric expressions and presents a formalization of anaphora and plural quantification. (shrink)

Aux sources du sentiment européen de l'identité se trouverait un héritage contrasté d'idées et de croyances venu des « Lumières » du XVIII siècle. Telle est la thèse développée dans L'Esprit des Lumières, un essai philosophique et politique publié en 2006 par Tzvetan Todorov. Cette mutation radicale de la pensée est un phénomène historique qui se produit en Europe, au XVIII siècle, et est « responsable de [l']identité présente » des Européens. L'auteur en réexamine les acquis, le projet initial, les (...) grands principes et les errements ultérieurs, en insistant sur l'actualité de ce qui serait « la création la plus prestigieuse de l'Europe »: cet idéal, cet « esprit » éclairé, lucide, de « libre examen [...] critique ». Il termine par un acte de foi: « l'identité de l'Europe [et] donc sa "volonté générale" [ne] pourr[ont] s'affirmer [que] si l'on s'appuie sur les analyses faites à l'époque des Lumières. "Aux Européens de s'unir pour y parvenir!"The sources of feeling European identity would be a legacy of contrasting ideas and beliefs came from the "Enlightenment" of the eighteenth century. This is the thesis of The Spirit of Enlightenment, a philosophical essay and policy published in 2006 by Tzvetan Todorov. This radical change of thought is a historical phenomenon that occurs in Europe in the eighteenth century, and is "responsible for [the] present identity" of Europeans. The author reviews the achievements, the initial project, the principles and the subsequent wanderings, stressing the relevance of this would be "creating the most prestigious of Europe": this ideal, this "spirit" informed lucid, "free examination [...] criticism." It ends with an act of faith: "Europe's identity [and] hence its" general will "[not] Pourr [have] to say [that] if one relies on the analyzes made the Enlightenment. "For the Europeans to unite to achieve!". (shrink)

The ‘best interests’ decision making standard is used in clinical care to make necessary health decisions for non-capacitated individuals for whom neither explicit nor inferred wishes are known. It has been also widely acknowledged as a basis for enrolling some non-capacitated adults into clinical research such as emergency, critical care, and dementia research. However, the best interests standard requires that choices provide the highest net benefit of available options, and clinical research rarely meets this criterion. In the context of modern (...) norms of bioethics, the best interests standard rarely supports surrogate consent for research and should not be accepted as a routine provision. (shrink)

Many existence propositions in constructive analysis are implied by the lesser limited principle of omniscience LLPO; sometimes one can even show equivalence. It was discovered recently that some existence propositions are equivalent to Bouwer's fan theorem FAN if one additionally assumes that there exists at most one object with the desired property. We are providing a list of conditions being equivalent to FAN, such as a unique version of weak König's lemma. This illuminates the relation between FAN and LLPO. Furthermore, (...) we give a short and elementary proof of the fact that FAN is equivalent to each positive valued function with compact domain having positive infimum. (shrink)

The many gods of modernity -- The dynamics of relativization -- Relativism -- Fundamentalism -- Certainty and doubt -- The limits of doubt -- The politics of moderation.

This is an interesting study with a great deal of information on Eliade's main themes and a detailed account of his understanding of myth.

We introduce the notion of a convex tree. We show that the binary expansion for real numbers in the unit interval ) is equivalent to weak König lemma ) for trees having at most two nodes at each level, and we prove that the intermediate value theorem is equivalent to \ for convex trees, in the framework of constructive reverse mathematics.

The American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 12, Issue 5, Page 15-16, May 2012.

We present an extension of Heyting arithmetic in finite types called Uniform Heyting Arithmetic that allows for the extraction of optimized programs from constructive and classical proofs. The system has two sorts of first-order quantifiers: ordinary quantifiers governed by the usual rules, and uniform quantifiers subject to stronger variable conditions expressing roughly that the quantified object is not computationally used in the proof. We combine a Kripke-style Friedman/Dragalin translation which is inspired by work of Coquand and Hofmann and a variant (...) of the refined A-translation due to Buchholz, Schwichtenberg and the author to extract programs from a rather large class of classical first-order proofs while keeping explicit control over the levels of recursion and the decision procedures for predicates used in the extracted program. (shrink)

D’un point de vue patrimonial, le célèbre texte des Éléments de géométrie de Clairaut, publié la première fois en 1741, est traditionnellement considéré comme le début d’une riche histoire plutôt que son aboutissement, en raison notamment du succès considérable qu’il a eu dès sa parution et de la manière dont Clairaut en a défendu le projet, en rupture apparente avec le modèle euclidien. Nous proposons ici une image un peu différente qui s’appuie sur la nature très particulière de la production (...) géométrique foisonnante dans laquelle le traité de Clairaut s’insère et doit être compris. Nous présentons tout d’abord le côté paradoxal de l’ouvrage, qui revendique non seulement une grande originalité mais aussi une non moins grande conformité au genre des « éléments » de géométrie spéculative. Nous indiquons ensuite cinq raisons majeures qui montrent que le texte était en effet largement conforme aux attendus de l’époque, y compris dans sa revendication d’accessibilité et de rupture vis-à-vis du modèle euclidien. Nous dégageons deux originalités de l’ouvrage : le fait de confondre les caractéristiques des géométries spéculatives et pratiques dans un seul et même ouvrage ; et le fait d’écrire un ouvrage de géométrie suivant un « ordre analytique », mais sans algèbre. (shrink)

Cutting through simultaneously the conventions of sinology and a capitalist universalism modeled on the West, Jullien unfolds a difference between Chinese thought and philosophy that allows it to be thought out without taking sides. His unusual move insists on the irreducibility of the difference yet at the same time renders the irreducibility intelligible; Jullien gives us a world structured by distinct lines of thought.

Aladdin.--Pan.--Jupiter.--Christophorous.--Selected bibliography.

Cela peut arriver à n'importe qui. N'importe qui peut être saisi par un événement politique, n'importe qui peut être saisi par l'amour. Quand nous sommes engagés dans une procédure de vérité, nous sommes saisis par elle et nous observons la maxime de fidélité à cette procédure. Il n'y a pas d'autre impératif éthique que : "Persévérez! Persévérez dans votre fidélité!" Je soutiens la formule de la fidélité comme "discipline à l'indiscipline de l'événement". Je crois avoir montré que la fidélité est (...) une errance, un trajet sans concept, ou encore - Mallarmé - "le hasard vaincu mot par mot". Finalement, il s'agit de répondre à une question intimidante : que vaut notre temps? Car il ne vaut, philosophiquement, que par les quelques vérités qu'il prodigue. Nietzsche a raison : ce qui vaut d'une époque est ce qui supporte l'idée d'un retour éternel. La philosophie anticipe ce retour, en saisissant à leur naissance les vérités, en les tournant vers leur intemporel destin. (shrink)

El filósofo francés Alain Guy (La Rochelle, 1918 - Narbonne, 1998) dedicó por entero su vida al estudio de la filosofía española e hispanoamericana, dándola a conocer no sólo en el extranjero sino también en nuestro país.

Kant entwickelt in der Schrift uber 'Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft' den Begriff eines "ethischen gemeinen Wesens," das allein auf der moralischen Willensbestimmung seiner Glieder, nicht jedoch auf der burgerlich ..

What steps are needed to make life better and more convivial? The Second Convivialist Manifesto has presented a short diagnosis of the current crises and sketches of a possible and desirable future. It has been a necessary work of theoretical synthesis, but preserving a viable world also requires passion. It is thus urgent to show what people would gain from a shift to a post-neoliberal and post-growth convivialist future. This volume includes a theoretical debate on convivialism which reflects dystopias and (...) shows the multiple and major obstacles that convivialism will have to face. Mainly, however, the contributors to this volume create sketches of a convivial future and collect accounts of another future world which is attractive for as many as possible. (shrink)

The Politics of Gilles Deleuze and the Random Materialism of the Late Althusser A cursory reading of the writings of the late Althusser in which the philosopher attempts to devise a « random materialism » might lead us to regard them as the matrix from which a number of post-structuralist conceptions of politics, including that of Gilles Deleuze, have sprung. Our intention in the present article is to demonstrate the partial nature of such a filiation. To do so, the article (...) focuses on the relationship between the late Althusser and the Deleuzean conception of politics. It will thus examine the refusal, common to both philosophers, to elaborate a totalising theory of the political and their concomitant invocation of a principle of contingency. Such an affinity should not however disguise the differences between Althusser and Deleuze with regard to the manner in which the actualisation of such a programme is to be envisaged. (shrink)

Inserido no ambiente universitário do século XIII do ocidente cristão, Tomás de Aquino lança-se à linha de frente dos debates de sua época, propondo uma crítica ao que chamará de platonismo e às leituras por ele consideradas errôneas de Aristóteles, imbuídas de interpretações de filósofos como Avicena e Averróis, que chegam à Europa latina nos últimos séculos do medievo. Um de seus alvos é a consideração sobre o intelecto agente e o ato de intelecção. Em Suma de Teologia Iª, 84, (...) o autor descreve o funcionamento deste ato, situando seu início na impressão causada pelos sensíveis nos sentidos, e, apontando como determinante para tal, a condição do homem no estado da vida presente como um conjunto composto de alma e corpo. (shrink)

Building on previous work by Coquand and Spiwack [T. Coquand, A. Spiwack, A proof of strong normalisation using domain theory, in: Proceedings of the 21st Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, LICS’06, IEEE Computer Society Press, 2006, pp. 307–316] we construct a strict domain-theoretic model for the untyped λ-calculus with pattern matching and term rewriting which has the property that a term is strongly normalising if its value is not . There are no disjointness or confluence conditions imposed (...) on the rewrite rules, and under a mild but necessary condition completeness of the method is proven. As an application, we prove strong normalisation for barrecursion in higher types combined with polymorphism and non-deterministic choice. (shrink)

This book is about the never-ending need we have to make choices. If you think about it, we have to decide what time to wake up every morning, what to wear (unless we need to wear a uniform), what to have for breakfast (if we eat breakfast), lunch and dinner (and if we eat in restaurants, what to order), and our need to make all kinds of other choices all day long. Some of our choices are mundane, like what to (...) have for breakfast (if we eat breakfast): to have coffee or tea (and if so, plain or with milk), cereal, toast or a bagel (and if so, what kind: plain, with poppy seeds, with everything) or a sweet roll, eggs (if so, fried, soft boiled, scrambled), and so on. Most of the choices we make are not important, and we often develop habits to relieve us of having to think about our choices. For example, I have the same thing for breakfast every day: a bowl of oatmeal with chia seeds and flax seeds, hot milk, a cup of espresso coffee with hot milk, and half a bagel with butter. Occasionally, I have a soft-boiled egg, as well. But other choices we have to make are life-changing, such as how to live (single, living with a partner, or getting married), what kind of education to get, what kind of job or profession to choose, where to live and what kind of house to buy (if you can afford a house), whom to vote for, and so on. After reading this book, you will better understand the role that the choices we make play in society and culture and in our everyday lives." -- Back cover. (shrink)