The general mitigating and aggravating circumstances of criminal liability are elements attached to the crime that, when they occur, affect the punishment quantum. Cuban criminal legislation provides a catalog of such circumstances and some general conditions for their application. Such norms give judges broad discretion in assessing circumstances and adjusting punishment based on the intensity of those circumstances. In the interest of broad judicial discretion, the law does not establish specific ways for measuring circumstances’ intensity. This gives judges more freedom (...) and autonomy, but it also imposes on them more social responsibility and challenges them to manage the uncertainty and subjectivity inherent in this complex activity. This paper proposes a model to aid the linguistic assessment of circumstances’ intensity and to provide linguistic and numerical recommendations to determine an appropriate punishment interval. M-LAMAC determines the collective evaluation of circumstances of the same type, determines the prevalence of a type of circumstance by means of a compensation function, recommends the required modification in the input interval, and finally recommends a numerical interval adjusted to the judges’ initially expressed preferences. The model’s applicability is demonstrated by means of several experiments on a fictitious case of bank document forgery. (shrink)

The objective of this article is to analyse cultural influences when French companies cooperate with Mexican companies (subsidiaries of the French, established in Mexico) in the field of automotive manufacturing. An OEM supplier and a final assembly plant were selected to perform the study. Interviews with the workers, supervisors and managers have been performed. Case studies were collected in order to analyse the problems and to illustrate technical as well as cultural solutions. The analysis showed that important differences and coincidences (...) in the manufacturing solutions could be explained from the cultural (French and Mexican) standpoint. The conclusions integrate some recommendations for French and Mexican companies that are in actual cooperation or that are planning to globalise in the corresponding countries. (shrink)

En 1960 ingresaba José María Haro Salvador en la Real Academia Valenciana de Jurisprudencia y Legislación con un discurso titulado «Relaciones y fronteras entre la Caridad y la Justicia». Tomaba cuerpo ahí la experiencia dilatada de un jurista cuya pasión por lo social le había conducido de forma absolutamente natural desde su juventud hacia los problemas jurídicos relacionados con el mundo del trabajo y la promoción social de los obreros. Era en una época, además, marcada por un importante proceso de (...) institucionalización de organismos públicos, procedimientos y discursos sin referencia a los cuales no se entendería en muy buena medida la España del presente. En este proceso tuvo también José María Haro un papel decisivo, tanto por su labor en la magistratura del trabajo, de la que fue primer titular en la Valencia de la postguerra, como en el Instituto Nacional de Previsión (I. N. P.), cuya delegación provincial comenzó a presidir en 1950. Ahí encontró un canal extraordinario para la proyección de sus ideales sociales, germinados en el suelo del magisterio pontificio y de la tradición del catolicismo social que tan importante impulso recibió en Valencia entre los siglos XIX y XX, gracias a las figuras insignes del P. Antonio Vicent, Antonio y Rafael Rodríguez de Cepeda, Juan Reig Genovés y muchos otros. De todos ellos se declara en débito José María Haro a lo largo de las páginas que componen este libro, muchas de ellas publicadas hoy por primera vez, más de medio siglo después de su redacción. Sin duda el paso del tiempo se hará notar en muchas de estas ideas, que necesariamente deben ser leídas en su contexto. En estos últimos cincuenta años han sido enormes los cambios producidos en el terreno de las ideas tanto como en el de las instituciones. Las leyes se suceden, las obras se transforman, algunas incluso mueren, pero los principios permanecen, porque no tienen su fuente en las circunstancias, necesariamente variables, de nuestra condición histórica, ni en las orientaciones particulares de una determinada política o de un régimen. Al contrario, beben del Evangelio y del derecho natural, de cuya síntesis y vitalidad es todo este libro un penetrante y constante reclamo. (shrink)

This study aims to diagnose how the cinema of cruelty has been inserted into mainstream culture through the current streaming series, analysing the elements of the eroticism of perversity and the c...

El objetivo principal de este manuscrito es presentar una nueva metodología de abordaje en la radicalización violenta usando como herramienta principal la metodología Scrum, la cual ha sido ampliamente usada en entornos de construcción de software. Se plantea una metodología de trabajo centrada en los destinatarios de la intervención: los adolescentes. Así, el método Scrum se ha mostrado, en multitud de ocasiones, muy eficaz como estrategia de aprendizaje colaborativo, habiéndose utilizado en entornos universitarios para el desarrollo de proyectos de gran (...) calidad durante breves periodos de tiempo. Abordando la carta de valores e interviniendo hacia valores incompatibles con la violencia se pretende lograr la disminución de la radicalización en este colectivo. (shrink)

Aberrations introduced by the atmospheric turbulence in large telescopes are compensated using adaptive optics systems, where the use of deformable mirrors and multiple sensors relies on complex control systems. Recently, the development of larger scales of telescopes as the E-ELT or TMT has created a computational challenge due to the increasing complexity of the new adaptive optics systems. The Complex Atmospheric Reconstructor based on Machine Learning is an algorithm based on artificial neural networks, designed to compensate the atmospheric turbulence. During (...) recent years, the use of GPUs has been proved to be a great solution to speed up the learning process of neural networks, and different frameworks have been created to ease their development. The implementation of CARMEN in different Multi-GPU frameworks is presented in this paper, along with its development in a language originally developed for GPU, like CUDA. This implementation offers the best response for all the presented cases, although its advantage of using more than one GPU occurs only in large networks. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza la aplicación en la escuela de plataformas privativas de enseñanza, cuyo uso ha tenido un impulso con la pandemia de la COVID19. Google workplace for education se ha considerado una vía eficaz tanto para adaptarse a los retos de la digitalización como para afrontar situaciones ex- traordinarias. El análisis realizado revela una amenaza ligada a la intimidad de los menores. Aplicando análisis heurístico, los resultados muestran la ne- cesidad de efectivizar un principio de cautela tecnológica sobre el (...) uso de estas plataformas en la educación. Se concluye con la necesidad de profundizar en el análisis de las implicaciones para los niños y adolescentes del uso de este soft- ware y la conveniencia de aplicar herramientas libres y abiertas. (shrink)

El presente trabajo analiza el postmarxismo o populismo que colectivos autodenominados de izquierda han incorporado al debate político español procedente de Iberoamerica, desde la perspectiva del pensamiento de Rosa Luxemburg. En este artículo se plantea la hipótesis de que podría establecerse un paralelismo entre el reformismo, con el que Luxemburg calificó a la socialdemocracia alemana, y el discurso de actores políticos que asumen los postulados populistas. Se entiende que el populismo oculta la cuestión de clase en beneficio de ‘guerras culturales’. (...) Este artículo responde a esta pregunta afirmativamente y se estima que el populismo o postmarxismo es una herramienta que desatiende la cuestión de clase y hace inviable el cambio social. (shrink)

In order to understand man's different and often contradictory ideologies we need to explore their deeper roots, analyzing ideas. We do not comprehend the nature of ideas and yet we use and oppose them, realizing that they are wonderful and dangerous entities whose action is comparable to that of drugs. They depress or stimulate the organism, leading men toward great deeds or toward individual and collective disaster. Ideas interfere with the autonomic mechanisms of the body, and are also projected into (...) the social world, creating machines, institutions, methods and goals. Notwithstanding, we usually pay little attention to this tool, creator of all other tools and root of human activity. Assuredly a theory of the idea and of ideologies cannot be developed without the convergent effort of scientists and philosophers, but we can glimpse the possibility of its construction, conscious nevertheless, of our shortcomings and of the provisional character of the presented synthesis. (shrink)

El desarrollo de internet en los últimos años ha sido espectacular. Con la explosión del internet de las cosas (IoT) el procesamiento de datos incrementa su complejidad, pero también sus beneficios. No obstante, en la última década han surgido periódicamente noticias que nos muestran una serie de efectos de esta tecnología, alejados de la visión casi mítica que siempre ha tenido y que pudiera afectar a elementos básicos de nuestra democracia. En este trabajo se señalan tres de los principales retos (...) que tienen nuestros Estados democráticos de derecho. El primero es el de los datos y la forma en qué son procesados. El segundo es el uso de la tecnología de la información para la vigilancia de la ciudadanía con el uso de instrumentos que vulneren las garantías contempladas por los derechos fundamentales. Finalmente, la manera en que internet impacta en la formación y educación cívica. Se finalizarán con unas breves conclusiones donde se contemplarán algunas propuestas. (shrink)

Adaptive optics are techniques used for processing the spatial resolution of astronomical images taken from large ground-based telescopes. In this work, computational results are presented for a modified curvature sensor, the tomographic pupil image wavefront sensor, which measures the turbulence of the atmosphere, expressed in terms of an expansion over Zernike polynomials. Convolutional neural networks are presented as an alternative to the TPI-WFS reconstruction. This technique is a machine learning model of the family of artificial neural networks, which are widely (...) known for its performance as modeling and prediction technique in complex systems. Results obtained from the reconstruction of the networks are compared with the TPI-WFS reconstruction by estimating errors and optical measurements. The reconstructed wavefronts from both techniques are compared for wavefronts of 153 Zernike modes. For this case, a detailed comparison and grid search to find the most suitable neural network is performed, searching between multi-layer perceptron, CNN and recurrent networks topologies. In general, the best network was a CNN trained for TPI-WFS reconstruction, achieving better performance than the reconstruction software from TPI-WFS in most of the turbulent profiles, but the most significant improvements were found for higher turbulent profiles that have the lowest r0 values. (shrink)

Resumen: El objetivo de esta contribución es el de realizar una valoración del trabajo de Maria Medina-Vicent Mujeres y discursos gerenciales: hacia la autogestión feminista. En el texto se describirá la importancia que tienen las ideologías gerenciales como articuladoras del discurso pro-empresarial contemporáneo para, a continuación, señalar las principales contribuciones del libro de Medina-Vicent, que son la de no solo criticar el peculiar tipo de feminismo presente en los libros de literatura empresarial dirigidos a mujeres, sino proponer una reversión de (...) los discursos neoliberales sostenida en las aportaciones de la teoría feminista.: This contribution aims at making an assessment of the work of Maria Medina-Vicent Mujeres y discursos gerenciales: hacia la autogestión feminista. The text will describe the importance of managerial ideologies as articulators of contemporary pro-business discourses. Besides, the main contributions of Medina-Vicent’s book will be highlighted. Those are not only the critique of the peculiar type of feminism underpinning in management books addressed to women, but also the proposal of a feminist theory-based rejection of neoliberal discourses. Palabras clave: ideologías gerenciales, feminismo, estudios críticos de gestión, mujeres líderes. Keywords: managerial ideologies, feminism, critical management studies, female leaders. (shrink)

Desde 1753, en que fue creado por el insigne marino Jorge Juany Santacilia, el Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada (ROA) ha sido el núcleo de la investigación científica de la Armada, manteniendo hoy día un reconocido prestigio tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. El autor de este artículo, director del ROA, a través de una síntesis descriptiva de la estructura orgánica del centro en cuatro Secciones (Efemérides, Astronomía, Geofísica, y Hora), nos introduce en la evolución histórica de esta (...) institución y en la amplia gama de actividades que desarrolla en la actualidad, participando en numerosos proyectos y foros internacionales, y manteniendo relaciones de colaboración permanente con organismos científicos similares de diversos países. Sus publicaciones de efemérides astronómicas, sus trabajos en geomagnetismo, sismología, seguimiento de satélites, astrofísica, metrología, etc. etc., así como el hecho de ser el depositario del Patrón Nacional de la unidad de tiempo, son el exponente de que el ROA continúa siendo un centro científico en plena actividad y pujanza, y en no pocas ocasiones la voz de España en el concierto internacional de estas ramas del conocimiento y de la investigación. Finaliza el artículo con una breve referencia a la Escuela de Estudios Superiores, vinculada al ROA desde su creación y que continúa con sus cursos de «estudios mayores» manteniendo vivo el espíritu científico de la Armada, mediante la formación de un selecto núcleo de oficiales en las áreas de ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Astronomía y Geofísica, y en la preparación para los cursos de Ingeniería. (shrink)

The Aymara of the Andes use absolute (cardinal) frames of reference for describing the relative position of ordinary objects. However, rather than encoding them in available absolute lexemes, they do it in lexemes that are intrinsic to the body: nayra (“front”) and qhipa (“back”), denoting east and west, respectively. Why? We use different but complementary ethnographic methods to investigate the nature of this encoding: (a) linguistic expressions and speech–gesture co-production, (b) linguistic patterns in the distinct regional Spanish-based variety Castellano Andino (...) (CA), (c) metaphorical extensions of CA’s spatial patterns to temporal ones, and (d) layouts of traditional houses. Findings indicate that, following fundamental principles of Aymara cosmology, people, objects, and land—as a whole—are conceived as having an implicit canonical orientation facing east, a primary landmark determined by the sunrise. The above bodily based lexicalizations are thus linguistic manifestations of a broader macro-cultural worldview and its psycho-cognitive reality. (shrink)

Actualmente los estudios de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad constituyen un importante espacio de trabajo en la política pública, la educación y la investigación. La introducción de nuevos procedimientos y tecnologías en la atención médica debe analizarse desde la perspectiva de los estudios de CTS porque requiere de un sustento científico-tecnológico y tiene que cumplir, entre otros, con los requisitos éticos de aplicabilidad a los seres humanos. La utilización secuencial de los antimicrobianos en el tratamiento postoperatorio de la apendicitis aguda complicada (...) en los niños, constituye una modificación de la terapéutica comúnmente empleada en Cuba y en muchas instituciones de salud del mundo. El presente trabajo muestra una reflexión sobre los pilares científicos, tecnológicos y sociales que sustentan la aplicación de un nuevo protocolo de tratamiento con el uso secuencial de los antimicrobianos en los niños con apendicitis aguda complicada. Currently the studies of science, technology and society are an important field on the research, education and public policy. The introduction of new procedures and technologies on the health care system should be considered throughout the science, technology and society point of view. Sequential antibiotic therapy in the postoperative management of children with complicated acute appendicitis is analternative of the commonest therapeutic management for these children in Cuba and in many health care justifys around the world. This paper show the significance of science, technology and society associated with the use of the sequential antibiotic therapy for children with complicated acute appendicitis. (shrink)

Resumen: Ante el fortalecimiento del papel de la tecnología en la sociedad actual, se hace necesario pensar el rol de aquella desde un punto de vista más radical, examinando el fenómeno mismo y sus consecuencias. La Filosofía tiene un papel fundamental a la hora de examinar y proponer alternativas educativas que contemplen las particularidades del proceso formativo del individuo y su papel como ciudadano en una sociedad profundamente mediada por la tecnología. Partiendo de las afirmaciones de algunos autores como Chomsky, (...) Benkler, Prensky, Ortega y Gasset, Habermas y, especialmente, Hans Jonas, propongo el concepto de “Ciberciudananía Responsable” como marco crítico del Homo Tecnologicus, centrado en el pensar más que en el hacer y que pivota sobre tres temas fundamentales: alfabetización digital, fomento de la participación en red y uso de tecnologías libres. Palabras clave: tecnología, educación, ciberciudadanía, ética, responsabilidad. English title: Education for Responsible CybercitizenshipAbstract: Given the strengthening of the role of technology in today’s society, it is necessary to think about the role of technology from a more radical point of view, examining the phenomenon itself and its consequences. Philosophy has a fundamental role in examining and proposing educational alternatives that contemplate the particularities of the individual’s formative process and his role as a citizen in a society deeply mediated by technology. Relying on the views of authors such as Chomsky, Benkler, Prensky, Ortega y Gasset, Habermas and especially Hans Jonas, I propose the concept of “Responsible Cybercitizenship” as a critical framework of Homo Technologicus, which focuses on thinking rather than doing and hinges on three fundamental themes: digital literacy, promotion of online participation, and use of open source technologies. Keywords: technology, education, cybercitizenship, ethics, responsibility. (shrink)

The fortunes and misfortunes of Shylock and Antonio are pervaded with economic and legal ideas. Both characters tend to overlap and confuse in several dimensions–the most celebrated one is to believe that the Jew is the merchant–and are alternatively victim and victimizer. The analysis of the play focusing in money and contract, economics and the law, market and morality, allows us to delve into the nuances of one of the most engaging characters in the history of literature and to ponder (...) the classical liberal message of justice and charity. (shrink)

Business Ethics: A European Review, EarlyView.

ABSTRACT:Ethical research on consumption has focused mainly on the obligations, principles and values guiding consumers' actions and reasons for action. In doing so, it has concerned itself mostly with such bounded contexts as voluntary simplifiers, anti-consumption movements or so-called ‘ethical consumers,’ thereby fostering an artificial opposition between ethical and non-ethical consumption. This paper proposes virtue ethics as a more apt conceptual framework for the ethical analysis of consumption because it takes into account the developmental dynamic triggered by engagement in consumption (...) practices. We build on MacIntyre's goods-virtues-practices-institutions framework and Beabout's concept of a domain-relative practice and argue that when engaging in consumption activities, agents may pursue goods internal to practices, further their individual life narratives and contribute to the good of their communities, thus developing virtues that perfect themselves both as consumers and as ethical agents. (shrink)

Background: COVID-19 has taken many lives worldwide and due to this, millions of persons are in grief. When the grief process lasts longer than 6 months, the person is in risk of developing Complicated Grief Disorder. The CGD is related to serious health consequences. To reduce the probability of developing CGD a preventive intervention could be applied. In developing countries like Mexico, the psychological services are scarce, self-applied interventions could provide support to solve this problem and reduce the health impact (...) even after the pandemic has already finished.Aims: To design and implement a self-applied intervention composed of 12 modules focused on the decrease of the risk of developing CGD, and increasing the life quality, and as a secondary objective to reduce the symptomatology of anxiety, depression, and increase of sleep quality. The Intervention Duelo COVID follows the principles of User Experience and is designed according to the needs and desires of a sample of the objective participants, to increase the adherence to the self-applied intervention, considered one of the main weaknesses of online interventions.Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial will be conducted from the 22nd of December of 2020 to the first of June 2021. The participants will be assigned to an intervention with elements of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mindfulness and Positive Psychology. The control group will be a wait-list condition, that will receive the intervention 1.5–2 months after the pre-measurement were taken. The Power Size Calculation conducted through G*Power indicated the need for a total of 42 participants, which will be divided by 21 participants in each group. The platform will be delivered through responsive design assuring with this that the intervention will adapt to the screen size of cellphones, tablets, and computers.Ethics and Dissemination: The study counts with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, México, and it is registered in Clinical Trials. The article is sent and registered in clinical trials before the recruitment started. The results will be reported in future conferences, scientific publications, and media. (shrink)

Desde seu início, em 2020, a pandemia da Covid-19 acarretou diversos desafios no cotidiano. No campo da educação não foi diferente, pois os educadores precisaram repensar concepções mais amplas da formação continuada. Nesse contexto, o estudo procura analisar os desafios e as possibilidades para a formação continuada de profissionais da educação na perspectiva da autorreflexão colaborativo-crítica. Para isso, fundamenta-se na teoria de Jürgen Habermas por meio de duas concepções: a racionalidade comunicativa e a mediação teoria e práxis. Nesse processo, tomamos (...) os argumentos dos profissionais participantes de grupo de estudo-reflexão a partir de suas demandas, dos processos de aprendizagem e das ações de mudanças. Ações e análises dialogam e sustentam-se entre os referenciais teórico-metodológicos embasando os processos, contemplando a aplicação da espiral autorreflexiva de observação, planejamento, ação e reflexão e o delineamento e teorização das funções mediadoras na relação teoria e prática, quais sejam: elaboração/formação dos teoremas críticos; organização dos processos de conscientização e aprendizagem; e a condução da luta política, seleção das estratégias apropriadas e solução de questões táticas, sendo essas categorias o modo como se organizaram os dados. Como resultados observamos novas possibilidades para formação continuada abarcando mais formandos e ampliando a colaboração entre pesquisadores, além da intenção dos formandos/cursistas de mudar ou transformar suas práticas em ações efetivas em seus lócus de atuação. (shrink)

In daily academic life, students are exposed to a wide range of potentially stressful situations which could negatively affect their academic achievement and their health. Among the factors that could be weakened by academic stress, attention has been paid to expectations of self-efficacy, which are considered one of the most important determinants for student engagement, persistence, and academic success. From a proactive perspective, research on academic stress has emphasized the importance of coping strategies in preventing harmful consequences. In recent years, (...) there has been a growing interest in discovering the extent to which individuals are able to combine different coping strategies and the adaptive consequences this flexibility entails. However, studies using this person-centered approach are still scarce in the academic context. On that basis, this current study had two objectives: (a) to examine the existence of different profiles of university students based on how they combined different approach coping strategies (positive reappraisal, support seeking, and planning); and (b) to determine the existence of differences in general expectations of self-efficacy between those coping profiles. 1072 university students participated in the study. The coping profiles were determined by Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). The differences in the self-efficacy variable were determined using ANCOVA, with gender, university year, and degree type as covariates. Four approach coping profiles were identified: (a) low generalized use of approach coping strategies; (b) predominance of social approach coping approaches; (c) predominance of cognitive approach coping approaches; (d) high generalized use of approach coping strategies. The profile that showed that a greater combination of the three strategies was related to higher general self-efficacy expectations, and vice versa. These results suggest that encouraging flexibility in coping strategies would help to improve university students’ self-efficacy. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo se exponen algunos aspectos significativos de la ética aristotélica que están presentes en la obra de Ortega, analizando de qué modo son asimilados, criticados, actualizados o transformados por este en función de su propio pensamiento. Entre estos aspectos se señalan la consideración de la finalidad de la acción como criterio de moralidad, la defensa de una moral del desinterés, la valoración de la grandeza moral o magnanimidad como virtud fundamental, la postulación del propio perfeccionamiento como norma (...) de conducta y la concepción de la felicidad como fin de la vida humana. (shrink)

La educación cívica se encuentra en la misma base de la democracia . T odo sistema democrático que prescinda de esta necesidad acabará haciendo de s v anecerse la racionalidad democrática de sus instituciones. La democracia liberal es un buen ejemplo de este debilitamiento pr o g res i v o de las estructuras democráticas. Benjamin R. Barber no tarda en referirse a ella como "democracia débil". La democracia carece de plenitud sin ciudadanos fo r mados cívicamente. Educación y democracia (...) están indisol u b lemente unidas. P or eso, para este autor la r e generación de la democracia, con sus contenidos reales de pa r ticipación política, pasa necesariamente por la educación. Enseñar democracia es se r vir a la comuni dad. (shrink)

The interest of assigning homework is frequently discussed due to its alleged low impact on student achievement. One of the current lines of research is to emphasize the quality of student homework engagement rather than the amount of time spent on homework. The aim of this study was to determine (a) the extent to which students’ prior achievement affects their homework engagement (i.e., time spent, time management, and amount of teacher-assigned homework done), and (b) how students’ intrinsic motivation towards homework (...) may mediate or moderate the relationship between prior achievement and the homework engagement variables. A large sample of students from the first four years of Secondary Education (N = 1899) completed questionnaires. The results showed that intrinsic motivation partially mediates, but does not moderate, the effect of prior achievement on the three variables related to homework engagement (time spent, time management, and amount of teacher-assigned homework done). These results highlight the importance of considering both students’ current level of achievement and their motivation towards homework engagement when assigning homework. (shrink)

En este escrito se presentan las bases de una estrategia pragmática, contextualista e inferencialista para articular una teoría que dé cuenta de los grados de justificación de nuestras aserciones. Se arguye que hay contextos de emisión de aserciones configurados con ciertos criterios inferenciales, los cuales responden a propósitos prácticos o teóricos, y conforman, en consecuencia, diferentes estándares de justificación en esos contextos. Finalmente, a partir de una caracterización de tipos de proposiciones, inferencias, compromisos asertivos y esquemas de justificación, se muestra (...) cómo determinar el grado de justificación alto, medio o bajo de una aserción con respecto a un contexto de emisión de aserciones dado. (shrink)

This study focuses on taxonomic and typological methods of innovation policies in the European institutional context. Although many types of policies affect innovation, no universally accepted criteria exist to classify them. As innovation policy in a myriad of thematic areas—systemic model—has become pluralized, this article offers a method for classification. Such policies are grouped and categorized according to biological and neofunctional approaches.

El autor describe y comenta la obra literaria de Abraham Maimónides que ilustra con la traducción de dos escritos de Abraham, uno donde el hijo de Maimónides describe sus afanes literarios y otro donde defiende a su padre contra los ataques de los tradicionalistas. Importante es también el testimonio del historiógrafo Yosef Sambari sobre el hijo de Maimónides. En conjunto la obra de Abraham tiene una tendencia racionalista, heredada de su padre, pero con un sesgo de pietismo, que heredó de (...) la familia materna, y que se inspira en las corrientes sufistas islámicas. (shrink)

Mo der nity´s analy ti cal and re duc tio nist thin king of fe red us a uni vo cal and uni ver sa list re pre sen ta tion of the World. Scien ti fic ob jec ti - vity clo sed the ac cess to the di ver sity and plu ra - lity of ot her pos si ble know led ges. The epis te mo - lo gi cal cri ti cis..

Sufficientarianism is a prominent approach to distributive justice in political philosophy and in policy analyses. However, it is virtually absent from the formal normative economics literature. We analyze sufficientarianism axiomatically in the context of the allocation of 0–1 normalized well-being in society. We present three characterizations of the core sufficientarian criterion, which counts the number of agents who attain a “good enough” level of well-being. The main characterization captures the “hybrid” nature of the criterion, which embodies at the same time (...) a threshold around which the worst off in society is prioritized, and an indifference to equality in other regions. The other two characterizations relate sufficientarianism, respectively, to a liberal principle of noninterference and to a classic neutrality property. (shrink)