Viver de forma autônoma, em paz e em harmonia ainda é um estorvo para os seres humanos. O documento Learning to live together in peace and harmony, publicação conjunta da UNESCO-APNIEVE, retrata essa dificuldade e expressa os desafios políticos, econômicos, sociais, étnicos e culturais que os habitantes da região Ásia-Pacífico enfrentam para aprender a viver de maneira autônoma, pacífica e harmoniosa. O documento defende que o caminho para esse processo é mudar o modelo vigente, voltado para criar uma força de (...) trabalho qualificada, para uma concepção de Educação voltada para a formação humana, para o desenvolvimento da pessoa por inteiro. A Educação é aqui concebida a partir da totalidade das dimensões humanas e deve facultar ao educando a compreensão de sua realidade interior e da realidade dos seus arredores, aguçando a sua capacidade para se autodeterminar, ser autônomo e expressar as suas potencialidades. A Educação integral deve ofertar ao aprendiz caminhos por meio dos quais ele possa pouco a pouco entrar em contato com as inúmeras facetas das suas dimensões, de modo que o processo formativo direcione o indivíduo para uma forma de viver equilibrada com ele mesmo, com os outros seres vivos e com a natureza. A Educação como processo de formação humana deve permitir o desenvolvimento de um modo de ser e de viver direcionado para a humanização do homem. A proposta advoga a ideia que os indivíduos e a sociedade devem dar prioridade ao desenvolvimento pessoal e social a partir de quatro valores fundamentais: paz, direitos humanos, democracia e desenvolvimento sustentável. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o documento Learning to live together in peace and harmony como o ponto de partida para o processo formativo-educacional do ser humano. Palavras-chave: Formação humana. Educação. Educação integral. Autonomia. Unesco-Apnieve. (shrink)

This article deals with the methodological procedures employed by Johannes Kepler, particularly those used in the process of elaboration of the two first laws of planetary movements. Its aim is to show that the astronomical practice of Kepler is linked with the proposal of (physical and mathematical) hypothesis and with valuing precision in observational data, with the goal of obtaining, by means of rigorous procedures, the (mathematically expressed) regularities of planetary motions. It was only afterwards that Kepler looked for an (...) explanation of the regularities (laws) discovered, formulating the hypothesis of the magnetic action exerted by the Sun, which is located at the physical center of the system. In the new astronomy, he modifies the methodological status of astronomical hypotheses in the beginning of 17th century (present in Ptolemy, Copernicus and Brahe), promoting the passage from a mathematical descriptive astronomy to a physical-mathematical explicative astronomy. (shrink)

Odour-sound correspondences provide some of the most fascinating and intriguing examples of crossmodal associations, in part, because it is unclear from where exactly they originate. Although frequently used as similes, or figures of speech, in both literature and poetry, such smell-sound correspondences have recently started to attract the attention of experimental researchers too. To date, the findings clearly demonstrate that the majority of non-synaesthetic individuals associate orthonasally-presented odours with various different sound properties, e.g., pitch, instrument type, and timbre, in a (...) non-random manner. What is more, these auditory-olfactory associations exhibit a number of features that are common to other crossmodal associations, such as their consistency over time, and their bidirectionality. However, the psychological mechanism underpinning these associations in the general population remain unclear, with a number of distinct hypotheses having been put forward over the years. In this chapter, we consider auditory-olfactory associations in art and science, focusing on poetry, music composition, and performance. First, we provide examples of the use of auditory-olfactory synaesthetic metaphors in poetry, from William Shakespeare through to Romanticism, illustrating how crossmodal associations have appeared in literature for centuries. Then, we move on to focus on music composition and performance, describing a number of examples where auditory stimuli have been purposely matched with crossmodally corresponding olfactory and/or visual stimuli. Considering the scientific study of smell-sound correspondences, we review the key psychophysical studies demonstrating that, beyond the artistic context, robust and non-random crossmodal associations are also triggered in the majority of the general population. We discuss a number of hypotheses that have been put forward over the years to account for such associations, focusing on the idea that certain correspondences between olfactory and auditory stimuli are mediated by the emotional character of the component stimuli. (shrink)

Since its inception in 1988, the SAREprogram has sponsored hundreds of projects to exploreand apply economically viable, environmentally sound,and socially acceptable farming systems. Recognizingthat researchers often collaborated with producers andthat producer interest in sustainable agriculture wasincreasing, SARE's North-Central Region began directlyfunding farmers and ranchers in 1992 to test their ownideas on sustainable agriculture. The present articleis based on data from the formative evaluation of thefirst five years (1992 to 1996) of the NCR-SAREProducer Grant Program. The evaluation used acombination of mail (...) surveys, non-response telephoneinterviews, and personal interviews.The evaluation revealed that the Program hassucceeded in showing that sustainable agriculturaltechnologies and practices can be viable andprofitable alternatives to conventional ways ofproducing crops and animals while simultaneously beingless environmentally damaging. On the other hand, thecontributions of the Producer Grant Program to thesocial and institutional spheres in which agricultureis embedded are less clear. Changes in these spheresare imperative for the success of sustainableagriculture, and for it to become more mainstream.Such changes cannot occur overnight, but they willremain the main challenge for SARE to tackle in thenear future. (shrink)

Widowhood goes beyond the physical loss and marital status, the person goes through a process of searching for meaning in the new reality. In this study, the objective was to analyze the thematic-story-drawing as a resource to understand the grief situation in widows due to the sudden death of their partner. The clinical-qualitative method was used. Six widows has participated, all of them having the sudden death of their partners in the last 2 years, age between 34 and 52 years (...) old and with children aged 0 to 18 that dependent on them. The instruments used were: two semi-structured interviews and the thematic story-drawing with a feedback session. The results were grouped into four categories of analysis: romantic relationship and grief – two participants were in a new relationship; motherhood in the widowhood process – all participants canceled their grief to take care of their children's pain, placing them as the center of their lives; support network – one widow has not been able to count on a support network since the death of her husband and two were able to rely on family and friends initially, but after the loss of their parents they became the family's support network; re-elaboration of the loss after carrying out the thematic-story-drawing – all participants perceived the drawing as a good resource to understand their pain. It was concluded that the story-drawing was a therapeutic approach that helped in the elaboration of grief, enabling widows to see themselves, contributing to their mental health. (shrink)

Comparative study of the philosophical concepts of the Bhagavadgītā and Immanuel Kant, 1724-1804.

Since its inception in 1988, the SAREprogram has sponsored hundreds of projects to exploreand apply economically viable, environmentally sound,and socially acceptable farming systems. Recognizingthat researchers often collaborated with producers andthat producer interest in sustainable agriculture wasincreasing, SARE's North-Central Region began directlyfunding farmers and ranchers in 1992 to test their ownideas on sustainable agriculture. The present articleis based on data from the formative evaluation of thefirst five years (1992 to 1996) of the NCR-SAREProducer Grant Program. The evaluation used acombination of mail (...) surveys, non-response telephoneinterviews, and personal interviews.The evaluation revealed that the Program hassucceeded in showing that sustainable agriculturaltechnologies and practices can be viable andprofitable alternatives to conventional ways ofproducing crops and animals while simultaneously beingless environmentally damaging. On the other hand, thecontributions of the Producer Grant Program to thesocial and institutional spheres in which agricultureis embedded are less clear. Changes in these spheresare imperative for the success of sustainableagriculture, and for it to become more mainstream.Such changes cannot occur overnight, but they willremain the main challenge for SARE to tackle in thenear future. (shrink)

The Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO) was developed over the last two decades by consistently putting together theories from areas such as formal ontology in philosophy, cognitive science, linguistics, and philosophical logics. It comprises a number of micro-theories addressing fundamental conceptual modeling notions, including entity types and relationship types. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current state of UFO, presenting a formalization of the ontology, along with the analysis of a number of cases to illustrate the application of (...) UFO and facilitate its comparison with other foundational ontologies in this special issue. (The cases originate from the First FOUST Workshop – the Foundational Stance, an international forum dedicated to Foundational Ontology research.). (shrink)

Provision of additional food supplements for the purpose of biological conservation has been widely researched both theoretically and experimentally. The study of these biosystems is usually done using predator–prey models. In this paper, we consider an additional food provided predator–prey system in the presence of the inhibitory effect of the prey. This model is analyzed in the control parameter space using the control parameters, quality and quantity of additional food. The findings suggest that with appropriate choice of additional food to (...) predators, the biosystem can be controlled and steered to a desirable state. It is also possible to eliminate either of the interacting species. The vital role of the quality and quantity of the additional food in the system dynamics cautions the eco manager on the choice of the additional food for realizing the goal in the biological conservation programme. (shrink)

This study sought to determine if hues overlayed on a video recording of a piano performance would systematically influence perception of its emotional arousal level. The hues were artificially added to a series of four short video excerpts of different performances using video editing software. Over two experiments 106 participants were sorted into 4 conditions, with each viewing different combinations of musical excerpts and hue combinations. Participants rated the emotional arousal depicted by each excerpt. Results indicated that the overall arousal (...) ratings were consistent with the nominal arousal of the selected excerpts. However, hues added to video produced no significant effect on arousal ratings, contrary to predictions. This could be due to the domination of the combined effects of other channels of information over the emotional effects of the hypothesized influence of hue on perceived performance. To our knowledge this is the first study to investigate the impact of these hues upon perceived arousal of music performance, and has implications for musical performers and stage lighting. Further research that investigates reactions during live performance and manipulation of a wider range of lighting hues, saturation and brightness levels, and editing techniques, is recommended to further scrutinize the veracity of the findings. (shrink)

An Indian Bengali by birth, Amitav Ghosh has established himself as a major voice in what is often called world literature, addressing issues such as the post-colonial and neo-colonial predicaments, the plight of the subalterns, the origin of globalisation and capitalism, and lately ecology and migration. The volume is therefore divided according to the four domains that lie at the heart of Ghosh's writing practice: anthropology, epistemology, ethics and space. In this volume, a number of scholars from all over the (...) world have come together to shed new light on the works and poetics of Amitav Ghosh according to the epistemic frameworks that form the bedrock of his fiction. Contributors: Safoora Arbab, Carlotta Beretta, Lucio De Capitani, Asis De, Lenka Filipova, Letizia Garofalo, Swapna Gopinath, Evelyne Hanquart-Turner, Sabine Lauret-Taft, Carol Leon, Kuldeep Mathur, Fiona Moolla, Sambit Panigrahi, Madhsumita Pati, Murari Prasad, Luca Raimondi, Pabitra Kumar Rana, Ilaria Rigoli, Sneharika Roy, John Thieme, Alessandro Vescovi. (shrink)

En este artículo se describen los contenidos de un tratado sobre lógica aristotélica escrito por Boecio en el VI d. C, llamado por nuestras ediciones modernas De syllogismo categórico. A través de sus contenidos, es posible mostrar: la importancia de este tratado en el proceso de transmisión de la lógica de Aristóteles al medioevo latino; su relación con otro tratado monográfico similar, titulado por la crítica moderna Introductio ad syllogismos categóricos y su relación temática con DSC; las fuentes más probables (...) de ambos tratados; y, finalmente, su influencia en el medioevo latino. La hipótesis que se defiende en este artículo es que los contenidos lógicos de este tratado, en particular la clasificación de las proposiciones categóricas, contenida en el corazón del DSC, entregan no solo el objeto temático al tratado, sino también coherencia argumentativa y unidad. En especial, el estudio de esta clasificación permite demostrar la unidad de DSC y en particular que el segundo libro de DSC es genuino y no espurio como sostuvieron, no hace mucho, los estudiosos Murari y McKinlay; además, esta misma clasificación permite apreciar su diferencia con ISC, por el hecho de que este último tratado posee una clasificación diferente a la de DSC. La base de la hipótesis propuesta se halla en que la clasificación mencionada es un intento por generar, a partir de los elementos preposicionales, las principales operaciones lógicas definidas por Aristóteles en sus escritos lógicos, asunto que en la revisión de De Rijk no quedó totalmente establecido. (shrink)