This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

Bibliographie.--Introduction: L'œuvre de Fechner et les origines de l'esthétique expérimentale.--L'esthétique expérimentale.--Examen critique de l'esthétique expérimentale.--Conclusion.

V.2. Les grandes évasions esthetiques; Delacroix, Flaubert, les Goncourt, Lamartine, Sarcey, Wagner. V.3. L'économie des passions; Mme Ackermann, Balzac, Hugo, Musset, Nietzsche, Sand, Zola.

Toute oeuvre d’art est une construction de matériaux sensibles stylisés selon les lois de contre-points spéciaux. Sa seule valeur caractéristique est l’harmonie de ses combinaisons, non leur vérité ou leur moralité. Tout système philosophique est de même une combinaison polyphonique d'idées. Sa valeur scientifique ou de vérité est invérifiable. Sa valeur morale ou sociale n’est que celle des moeurs qui l’inspirent. Seule sa valeur esthétique est fondamentale et se suffit. Elle ne réside pas dans les ornements littéraires de son exposition, (...) mais dans le contre-point de sa structure même. — Vérification par le rapprochement de certaines courbes qui paraissent être communes aux évolutions artistiques et philosophiques dans l’individu et dans la société. (shrink)

Does metacognition--the capacity to self-evaluate one's cognitive performance--derive from a mindreading capacity, or does it rely on informational processes? Joëlle Proust draws on psychology and neuroscience to defend the second claim. She argues that metacognition need not involve metarepresentations, and is essentially related to mental agency.

Les économistes s'accordent à montrer que la diversité est un bienfait que le marché parvient difficilement à produire mais sont peu diserts sur les modalités de défense de cette diversité. Nous montrons que la diversité culturelle ne peut être atteinte par des politiques purement nationales. La Francophonie a un rôle politique de premier plan à jouer afin de défendre des identités culturelles qui dépassent les frontières des Etats-nationsEconomists tend to agree that any beneficial effects of diversity are not produced by (...) the market to any great extent but nevertheless they are less forthcoming on how that diversity could be defended. Here we show that cultural diversity cannot be achieved through purely national politics. The international organisation of "La Francophony" has a political role to play in defending cultural identities that go beyond national borders. (shrink)

This article discusses the triage response to the COVID-19 delta variant surge of 2021. One issue that distinguishes the delta wave from earlier surges is that by the time it became the predominant strain in the USA in July 2021, safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 had been available for all US adults for several months. We consider whether healthcare professionals and triage committees would have been justified in prioritising patients with COVID-19 who are vaccinated above those who are unvaccinated (...) in first-order or second-order triage. Given that lack of evidence for a correlation between short-term survival and vaccination, we argue that using vaccination status during first-order triage would be inconsistent with accepted triage standards. We then turn to notions of procedural fairness, equity and desert to argue that that there is also a lack of justification for using vaccination status in second-order triage. In planning for future surges, we recommend that medical institutions base their triage decisions on principles meant to save the most lives, minimise inequity and protect the public’s trust, which for the time being would not be served by the inclusion of vaccination status. (shrink)

Granting that various mental events might form the antecedents of an action, what is the mental event that is the proximate cause of action? The present article reconsiders the methodology for addressing this question: Intention and its varieties cannot be properly analyzed if one ignores the evolutionary constraints that have shaped action itself, such as the trade-off between efficient timing and resources available, for a given stake. On the present proposal, three types of action, impulsive, routine and strategic, are designed (...) to satisfy the trade-off above when achieving goals of each type. While actions of the first two types depend on non-conceptual appraisals of a given intensity and valence, strategic intentions have a propositional format and guide action within longer-term executive frameworks involving prospective memory. (shrink)