IntroductionThe assessments of the motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease are usually limited to clinical rating scales, and it depends on the clinician’s experience. This study aims to propose a machine learning technique algorithm using the variables from upper and lower limbs, to classify people with PD from healthy people, using data from a portable low-cost device. And can be used to support the diagnosis and follow-up of patients in developing countries and remote areas.MethodsWe used Kinect®eMotion system to capture the spatiotemporal (...) gait data from 30 patients with PD and 30 healthy age-matched controls in three walking trials. First, a correlation matrix was made using the variables of upper and lower limbs. After this, we applied a backward feature selection model using R and Python to determine the most relevant variables. Three further analyses were done using variables selected from backward feature selection model, movement disorders specialist, and all the variables from the dataset. We ran seven machine learning models for each model. Dataset was divided 80% for algorithm training and 20% for evaluation. Finally, a causal inference model using the DoWhy library was performed on Dataset B due to its accuracy and simplicity.ResultsThe Random Forest model is the most accurate for all three variable Datasets followed by the support vector machine. The CIM shows a relation between leg variables and the arms swing asymmetry and a proportional relationship between ASA and the diagnosis of PD with a robust estimator.ConclusionsMachine learning techniques based on objective measures using portable low-cost devices are useful and accurate to classify patients with Parkinson’s disease. This method can be used to evaluate patients remotely and help clinicians make decisions regarding follow-up and treatment. (shrink)

The use of technologies like artificial intelligence can drive productivity growth, efficiency and innovation. The goal of this study is to develop an anomaly detection method for locating flaws on the surface of sandwich panels using YOLOv5. The proposed algorithm extracts information locally from an image through a prediction system that creates bounding boxes and determines whether the sandwich panel surface contains flaws. It attempts to reject or accept a product based on quality levels specified in the standard. To evaluate (...) the proposed method, a comparison was made with a sandwich panel damage detection method based on a convolutional neural network and methods based on thresholding. The findings show that the proposed method, which is based on an object detector, is more accurate than the alternatives. The characteristics of the model, which can reject or accept a product according to the standard and limit allowable manufacturing flaws to obtain a quality product, also enable this system to improve industrial standards for producing sandwich panels while increasing speed. (shrink)

We propose a model of planned corporate environmental behaviour that emphasises the values and attitudes of managers towards the environment, environmental intentions and the context in which these intentions are formed and translated into actual performance. In particular, we focus on the extent to which environmentally reactive managers influence the environmental performance of their firms. We identify the factors that mitigate or accentuate the effects of environmental “reactivism”—i.e. a mind-set shared by those who assign to the state the responsibility of (...) protecting the environment. We generate a series of hypotheses and use structural equation modelling to test them in the context of a unique dataset of Argentinean firms. Our system’s approach to corporate environmental behaviour explains approximatively 70 % of the variation in reported environmental performance across firms while highlighting elements of the model that may potentially be influenced by policy. Amongst other things, our empirical results suggest that stakeholder pressures can be an effective tool in the development of pro-environmental attitudes and in so doing offset some of the negative effects of environmental reactivism on environmental performance. Our paper highlights a number of other important implications for the design and implementation of environmental policies that account for human managerial determinants of corporate behaviour and social factors. (shrink)

What ethical framework should be used as a basis for teaching business ethics? Should business ethics be taught by ethicists in a separate course, by business faculty in business courses, or perhaps by both? These are some of the issues this paper will address. The paper begins with a review of the literature concerning approaches to teaching business ethics. Next, some ethical frameworks for teaching business ethics are considered. Finally, the paper proposes that students should apply their own personal values (...) to business ethical issues in the classroom, thus providing future business leaders with a process for resolving ethical dilemmas. (shrink)

In this article I present an overview of critiques of strategic planning, focusing on their conceptualizations of the environment. I first outline the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the nature of the environment of strategy, and then outline some of the alternatives to strategic planning and their underlying bases in constructivism and the sciences of complexity. I conclude by arguing that Banathy's systems design methodology is eminently suited to the process of strategy formulation, and should be explored more (...) deeply within this context. (shrink)

Social cognition is a broad term, incorporating all aspects of social functioning from perceiving emotional stimuli to attributional style and theory of mind. Not distinguishing between these different capacities may confound the interpretation of the data deriving from studies of the relationship between psychiatric disorders and the social brain. The distinction between cognitive and affective components of social cognition is clearly exemplified by the abnormalities observed in psychopathy and Williams syndrome.

Starting from personal experiences which led him to give up teaching at the University of Venice, Alfonso Berardinelli concentrates on the difficulties and paradoxes of the relationship between educational institutions, on the one hand, and the anarchist and misanthropic character of modern literature on the other. The majority of the `classics' of modern times, from Baudelaire to Kafka, from Tolstoy to Svevo, are `scandalous' even today: one cannot teach them without trying to convey the shock of their extraneousness from (...) the modern world and its culture. Modern literature is, in actual fact, almost always anti-modern, asocial, anti-social, apocalyptic. It is not possible to turn it into a simple `object of study' without betraying it. (shrink)

Este trabajo es una aproximación a la crítica de Martin Heidegger a la cibernética. La primera parte es una descripción de lo que él escribió o dijo sobre el tema y de algunas nociones cercanas como la de ciencia, técnica y el principio de razón. Para Heidegger la cibernética es una nueva ciencia fundamental que sustituye a la filosofía. Las nuevas ciencias cibernéticas son el derecho, la naturaleza, la historia o el arte. En la segunda parte me pregunto si la (...) crítica de Heidegger sigue vigente. ¿Todavía puede hablarse de ciencia en el mismo sentido que él? Su vigencia depende de si la causalidad todavía es el saber perseguido por la inteligencia artificial. Concluyo que sí, la causalidad todavía es perseguida por razones de utilidad. Por último, presento y dejo abiertos algunos de los temas relacionados con el Derecho como nueva ciencia cibernética. (shrink)

The main goal of the paper is to present an objection to the mental files framework. Alongside being representational resources that the mind exploits when having attitudes concerning particulars, many philosophers have explored the idea that singular concepts can serve another function: that of storing alleged information about their referents. In other words, singular concepts are characterized as mental files. Given that the latter implies an overwhelming and unnecessary complication of what’s in our minds, I argue that we should only (...) keep the representational function of concepts. The work files are supposed to do, I claim, can be exported to other aspects of the cognitive system. (shrink)

The papers presented in this volume in honour of Alfonso Maieru cover some of the major topics of his research area. The institutional and intellectual life of university training in the Middle Ages, including the peculiar tradition of related works, is the focus of the papers by Louis Jacques Bataillon, William J. Courtenay, Jacqueline Hamesse, Zenon Kaluza, Loris Sturlese and Olga Weijers. Three papers, by Jacopo Costa, Pasquale Porro and Thomas Ricklin, deal with philosophical problems in Dante'sMonarchia and Convivio. (...) The complex interrelations between logic and the other main aspects of medieval philosophy, with a particular attention to theology, metaphysics and natural philosophy, are the core of the other papers by Stefano Caroti, Sten Ebbesen, Barbara Faes de Mottoni, Simo Knuuttila, Alain de Libera, Olga Lizzini, Costantino Marmo, Claude Panaccio, Ivan Bendwell, Irene Rosier-Catach, Lambert Marie de Rijk, Leonardo Sileo, Luisa Valente, and Albert Zimmermann. A larger number of friends and colleagues of Alfonso Maieru than those who appear as contributors and editors of this volume have warmly welcomed its publication. We could say, therefore, that it is absolutely contingent that the Editors are: Stefano Caroti (Universita degli Studi di Parma), Ruedi Imbach (Universite de Paris-Sorbonne), Zenon Kaluza (Centre d'Etudes des Religions du Livre, C.N.R.S), Loris Sturlese (Universita degli Studi di Lecce) and Giorgio Stabile(Universita degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza"). (shrink)

(1999). Planetary culture and the crisis of the future. World Futures: Vol. 54, Challenges of Evolution at Pat I: The Human Factor in Evolution, pp. 297-311.

As third wave feminist philosophers attending graduate schools in different parts of the country, we decided to use our e-mail discussion as the format for presenting our thinking on the subject of third wave feminism. Our dialogue takes us through the subjects of postmodernism, the relationship between theory and practice, the generation gap, and the power relations associated with feminist philosophy as an established part of the academy.

Dear readers, perhaps you have not realized it, but your lives so far have been spent in a period called ‘postmodern’.The word is well-known to you. It has been around for many years. It almost always occurs unexpectedly, half way through an article, in the middle of a conversation, in the course of an argument on radio or television. Something, when all is said and done, is postmodern, someone is what he or she is because he or she is postmodern; (...) a strange and inexplicable phenomenon can be explained as postmodern. This changeable, suggestive, authoritative term, which seems to allude to something precise and technical and which, at the same time, suggests the epoch-making, says all that is good and all that is bad of something. Postmodern is an accusation. Postmodern is praise. What is postmodern is degenerate, has got worse, is hardly serious, of low quality, a poor imitation, irresponsible, frivolous. Nevertheless, what is postmodern is also still more topical, even more modern, forward-looking, amusing and light, cultured without being boring, sophisticated without being elitist, complex without being obscure. (shrink)

The climate crisis has implications for the idea of justice. The paper explores this idea to inquire whether climate change wrongs animals and, if it does, how these wrongs are constitutive of an injustice. The first question is answered in the positive to then propose an answer to the second question through an account of climate injustice articulated as a problem of distribution of ecological space. On that basis, the general conclusion of the paper is that at least some harms (...) suffered by animals are constitutive of climate distributive injustices. They are cases of wrongful appropriation of ecological space, that is, of the benefits that the Earth’s life-support systems and its physical resources provide to sentient animals. These are wrongs against animals that should be condemned, prohibited and redressed. (shrink)

Although the problems of the Indian communities of Mexico are not identical with those of other Latin American countries, they are nevertheless similar, and I am sure that the solutions that have been tried in Mexico can also be used in other countries on that continent.The present territory of the Republic of Mexico was divided, in the period prior to the Spanish conquest, into two great cultural provinces: There was on the one hand the Northern region which was generally inhabited (...) by nomadic tribes—hunters and gatherers whom the Mexicans used to call by the name of chichimecas—and on the other hand the central region of the country which extended towards the North-West as far as Sinaloa along the Western Sierra Madre and towards the North-East as far as Soto la Marina along the Eastern Sierra—a province which is now called Mesoamerica—and which then comprised various native peoples with a plurality of languages and characteristic cultural features, whose manner of life was based essentially on the cultivation of corn, beans and other edible plants and who lived without exception in cities organized already according to a political system which was essentially monarchical and theocratic. (shrink)

La crítica señala a Pierre Nicole como el pensador que hizo la transición entre aquellos primeros moralistas de mediados del siglo XVII que condenaban el mundo terrenal y adoptaban una actitud negativa del ser humano, y los moralistas de la primera mitad del siglo XVIII, cuya visión moderna y mundana concebía al hombre bajo una perspectiva positiva. Este estudio pretende ubicar a Nicolas Malebranche como el otro pensador, quizá más en la sombra, quizá con un modo no tan explícito, que (...) protagoniza dicha transición. Bajo el reinado de Luis XIV, el filósofo parisino, influenciado notablemente por San Agustín y Descartes, establece una psicología dinámica que le aleja del estático epicureísmo clásico y trasciende metafísicamente la moral cartesiana, dotándola de un sistema acabado en el que la figura de Dios ilumina el conocimiento y establece una moral bien definida. Su teoría del orden supone una puesta en valor del placer mundano, así como una congénita sociabilidad cristiana. Los acercamientos y alejamientos con Descartes y la escolástica, así como sus interpretaciones de San Agustín, elucidarán en este estudio un prisma mundano de conceptos hasta la fecha de barniz cristiano. Toda moral y teoría del conocimiento parte en él de su metafísica cristiana. (shrink)

La aceptación de la esclavitud es una de las cuestiones donde la Antigüedad muestra un mayor rezago en relación con el mundo contemporáneo; esto suele aducirse para criticar la filosofía griega. En este artículo se examina hasta qué punto el pensamiento de Platón en las Leyes puede caer bajo esta imputación o sustraerse a ella. Se plantea que en el autor se encuentra una dialéctica del esclavo, que consiste en mantener, por un lado, la función de la esclavitud dentro de (...) la estructura social y política propuesta, mientras que, por el otro lado, se cuestiona la existencia del esclavo como tal. Así, se hace primero una presentación general de la esclavitud en las Leyes y de la función que dicha institución cumple en la comprensión filosófica del propio diálogo y, después, se adelanta un examen detenido del pasaje central de 6.777d5-7. Se concluye que si bien, en clave histórica, Platón no logra eludir la tensión de esta dialéctica, en clave filosófica ofrece su resolución en el obrar del hombre verdaderamente justo. (shrink)

This article analyzes the connections among ontology, political thought and politics. Firstly, the author analyzes the normative aspect of the concept of civil society, with special attention to Cohen and Aratoʼs theory, and second, he studies the ontologycal style from Jean-Luc Nancy, Giorgio Agamben and Antonio Negri about the social and political aspects of the human reality, and he values theirs consistency and appropriateness.

Este trabajo presenta en su primera parte un resumen de la teoría de la argumentación de Chaim Perelman y Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca. En él se destacan los elementos esenciales de esa teoría: su punto de partida como crítica a la concepción clásica de la racionalidad en Occidente, pensada desde Descartes como idéntica a la razón demostrativa; el origen aristotélico de la argumentación en la retórica o arte de la persuasión; el concepto de "auditorio universal" como destinatario de los argumentos; la noción (...) de "razonable" y su relación con el concepto de lo "racional". En la segunda parte se somete a crítica la posición de los autores frente a la relación entre lo racional y lo razonable. Se defiende la tesis de que lo racional es condición necesaria de lo razonable (cosa que no aceptan Perelman y Olbrechts), y para hacerlo, se apela a las ideas de Piaget sobre la existencia de una "lógica natural"; se usa el concepto de cálculo de la deducción natural como una clase de formalismo lógico aplicado a la argumentación; se utilizan las ideas de Apostel y de Grice sobre la implicación conversacional, y se aplica el formalismo construido por von Wright para el análisis lógico de la acción, con el fin de clasificar los tipos elementales de acción argumentativa. (shrink)

There is abundant empirical evidence on the negative effects of discrimination on psychological well-being. However, little research has focused on exploring the factors that can mitigate this effect. Within this framework, the present study examined the mediating role of positive and negative affects in the relationship between ethnic and racial discrimination and psychological well-being in the migrant population. About 919 Colombians, first-generation migrants, residing in Chile were evaluated, of which 50.5% were women, and the participants’ average age was 35 years. (...) Krieger’s discrimination questionnaires, Watson’s Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale were applied. The measurement models of each variable were estimated, and then the structural equation models were used. The results of the hypothesized multiple mediation model showed that the main mediator in the relationship between ethnic-racial discrimination and psychological well-being was positive affects over negative ones. (shrink)

La filosofía helenística es producto de un curso impartido en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la UNAM por Alfonso Reyes, quien a su gran formación filosófica unía extraordinaria sapiencia del mundo griego. El libro se divide en tres partes que comprenden desde la filosofía alejandrina hasta el periodo ético y religioso de los griegos, con lo que se completa el cuadro de la filosofía helenística.

En este artículo se examinan, en primer lugar, los desarrollos aristotélicos acerca del fenómeno del psitacismo (la repetición inútil de palabras y expresiones), tal y como son expuestos en las Refutaciones sofísticas. Estos análisis son utilizados, en segundo lugar, para aclarar un argumento propuesto en Metafísica B de acuerdo con el cual el ser no es un género.