A identificação e análise de princípios epistêmicos têm possibilitado ganhos significativos no estudo do ceticismo nas últimas décadas, isso não significa que estejamos próximos de um consenso sobre quais princípios devem ser aceitos. Entendendo p como qualquer proposição que geralmente admitiríamos saber, como “aqui há uma mão”, e sk como alguma proposição incompatível, como “estou sendo enganado por um gênio que me induz a crer em coisas que não existem”, o argumento canônico para o ceticismo acadêmico pode assim ser formalizado: (...) Se S está justificado ao crer que p, então S está justificado ao crer que ~sk; S não está justificado ao crer que ~sk, logo, S não está justificado ao crer que p. Implicitamente, pode-se notar: o cético advoga que a relação epistêmica tida com uma proposição deve ser preservada nas proposições decorrentes dessa e, uma vez falho o cumprimento dessa exigência, resulta-se inescapavelmente no ceticismo. Para resolver essa questão, alguns filósofos rejeitaram o ceticismo negando a premissa. Outros, como Klein, concedem ao cético, porém negam sua conclusão, apontando que este falha em sua defesa de. Discute-se aqui a viabilidade dessas alternativas. (shrink)

O desígnio do presente artigo é uma reflexão teórica, mais do que abordar a política da Psicanálise importa tratar da política frente a qual a Psicanálise precisa se posicionar, o que torna imprescindível, ao nosso ver, ir em busca dos escritos marxianos, visando aproximações. Na exposição que se apresenta, definimos o conceito de política à luz de “O 18 de Brumário de Luís Bonaparte”, do qual Marx assinalou uma leitura específica sobre a história. Todavia, lançamos mão da hipótese sustentada por (...) Lacan de que Marx “inventara o sintoma”, isto é, foi o primeiro a denunciar a espoliação de um gozo. (shrink)

Brazil stands out at the global level for having implemented several policies intending to promote agroecology as a productive paradigm for small-holder farmers. However, the impacts of this process of institutionalization of agroecology still lack research and debates that evaluate the effectiveness of these policies. In this paper, we assess and discuss the impacts of a policy specifically focused on education in agroecology, the support to the establishment of Centers for the Study of Agroecology and Organic Production (NEAs) in more (...) than 150 higher education institutions throughout Brazil. NEAs bring together teachers, researchers, and students who engage in teaching, research, and extension activities in partnerships with peasant farmers, their organizations, and rural extension workers. The hypothesis that guides our analysis is that this support to establish NEAs allowed redistribution of symbolic power in the universities where they were established, supporting agroecology to gain greater legitimacy inside and outside the university field. Based on an in-depth study of four NEAs, performed through participant observation and documentary analysis, the NEAs are evaluated from the perspective of social fields in dispute, first in a university sphere, but also from the perspective of training people in integrative and transdisciplinary thinking that will contest the industrial-corporate food regime. Our findings suggest that the State support to university groups dedicated to the promotion of agroecology has allowed the construction of what we have named agroecological spaces, which symbolically dispute the dominant paradigms in educational institutions, supporting the constitution of material and immaterial agroecological territories. (shrink)

O presente estudo procurou levantar desafios e possibilidades da incorporação das redes sociais no processo de implementação de ações preventivas ao uso de drogas na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Trata-se de uma pesquisa-intervenção empregando as seguintes técnicas de coleta de dados: observação p..

Neste artigo, procura-se enquadrar na perspetiva da retórica e da argumentação a problemática do chamado “negacionismo” da COVID-19, entendendo-se por um tal conceito não tanto ou simplesmente a rejeição da identificação médica dessa doença, mas, fundamentalmente, quer a negação da sua gravidade e a da sua amplitude pandémica como matéria de saúde pública, quer a negação das medidas adotadas para a combater, de maneira geral, pelas autoridades competentes. As posições defendidas sobre o assunto por uma autoridade médica especializada, mas rotulada (...) e estigmatizada como “negacionista” (Fernando Nobre, médico, ex-Professor catedrático convidado da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa e doutor honoris causa pela mesma Universidade), servem de caso em estudo. (shrink)

O artigo analisa a ideologia da equipe econômica do governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso, que orientou sua ação por uma racionalidade instrumental. Foi feita uma análise comparativa com as equipes econômicas dos governos anteriores, mostrando que a equipe do governo Cardoso abandonou o modelo desenvolvimentista para retomar o modelo clássico liberal. No entanto, o neoliberalismo da equipe de Cardoso não entende o mercado como um meio para se promover o desenvolvimento econômico e social. Herdeiros da geração pós Consenso de (...) Washington, vêem o mercado como um fim em si. A relação que esses economistas estabeleceram com o mercado é quase religiosa, porque nele depositaram total confiança. Para estes economistas, era como se o mercado fosse uma entidade superior que naturalmente resolveria os problemas econômicos e sociais. Sob esse pretexto, colocaram em prática no país políticas típicas do neoliberalismo, que prevêem o desmantelamento do Estado e das grandes conquistas políticas e sociais. Na verdade, essa idolatria em relação mercado configura a irracionalidade desses economistas que defendem explicitamente os interesses de um segmento da classe dominante, a saber, a burguesia financeira internacional. O que leva à conclusão de que não houve autonomia da equipe para elaborar as políticas econômicas do governo, porque seguem as receitas dos organismos internacionais. A autonomia só se estabeleceu em relação às classes trabalhadoras, que não participaram de qualquer negociação que lhes dizem respeito. (shrink)

Os governos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso são considerados responsáveis por uma forte redução do Estado através de políticas de contenção dos gastos públicos, as quais atingiram também as Forças Armadas. Inversamente, os governos de Lula da Silva apresentaram um discurso desenvolvimentista, que, supostamente, favoreceu o investimento nas Forças Armadas, invertendo as tendências das gestões anteriores. O artigo faz, a partir da leitura de dois textos do cientista político João Roberto Martins Filho e de dados estatísticos da SEORI, a (...) análise crítica e comparativa entre os governos citados em relação aos investimentos – e somente em relação aos investimentos – em Defesa Nacional, na manutenção e modernização das Forças Armadas. (shrink)

O governo do presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso teve papel relevante na consolidação de políticas voltadas ao campo e ao processo de reforma agrária no Brasil. O objetivo do artigo é refletir sobre o perfil e as tensões envoltas na política de reforma agrária do governo FHC, e os desdobramentos dessa política face ao número de famílias assentadas e áreas obtidas para fins de reforma agrária no Brasil. Utiliza-se como fonte textos de pesquisadores que estudaram os caminhos e descaminhos (...) da reforma agrária brasileira e dados do “Banco de Dados da Luta Pela Terra”. Compreende-se que, no Governo FHC, apesar do número de famílias assentadas e áreas obtidas terem avançado de forma considerável em relação a governos anteriores, a reforma agrária foi tratada de forma marginal, e o governo, por vezes, negou as lutas e o protagonismo dos movimentos sociais do campo. (shrink)

Por um lado, perseguido pela direita, que o levou à prisão política. Por outro, patrulhado pela esquerda. Apesar disso, Bolívar Lamounier sempre manteve a independência intelectual. Neste novo livro, o sociólogo reflete sobre o conflito entre a democracia liberal, o marxismo e o fascismo. Comprovando sua destreza com as palavras, ele enfrenta com coragem os temas mais espinhosos do debate acadêmico brasileiro como o silêncio das esquerdas acerca dos resultados fracassados das revoluções socialistas. Ao final, o livro traz ainda uma (...) valiosa bibliografia comentada, que conta com títulos de nomes como Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Jean-Paul Sartre, Max Weber e Montesquieu. (shrink)

The success of political efforts to create a more open economy in Brazil over the past decade has depended crucially on support from the industrial sector, which long enjoyed the benefits of protection by the state from economic competition. Why businesses previously so sheltered would back neoliberal reform, and why opposition arose at times from sectors least threatened by free trade, are the puzzles this book seeks to answer. Drawing on more than one hundred interviews with industrialists and business association (...) representatives, as well as a wide range of other sources, Peter Kingstone argues that the key to understanding the behavior of industrialists lies in the impact of four factors on their preferences for reform: the effect of economic crisis on industrialists' perception of the viability of the earlier development model; the sectoral location of their firms in the economy and the advantages historically accruing therefrom; the adjustment options available to them given their position in the market; and the credibility of the government's promises about reform and its tactical choices for getting them implemented through the political system. The mix of these four factors, Kingstone shows, left business preferences relatively malleable and thus available for support of reform, even in the face of potentially high costs. Whether such support was forthcoming depended on industrialists' perceptions of the ability of government leaders to deliver on their promises. Widespread resistance to reform occurred when leaders lost their credibility. Under Fernando Collor's leadership, that credibility was never recovered; under Fernando Henrique Cardoso's, it was recovered through increasing concessions to industrialists on the character of the reform program. (shrink)

El articulo describe la historia reciente de la economía brasileña, trazando la trayectoria seguida desde el gobierno de Fernando Henrique Cardoso hasta el momento actual, pasando por los años de gobierno del Partido de los Trabajadores, destacando sus políticas sociales y sus efectos.

Cet ouvrage est consacré aux principaux théoriciens marxistes. II montre comment ces penseurs ont rendu compte des conflits internationaux. Le paradigme marxiste se présente tout à la fois comme un cadre d'analyse, mais aussi une praxis. C'est pourquoi il a fait l'objet de tant de controverses théoriques et de luttes politiques. Cependant, il ne s'agit pas de se situer ici sur ce plan. Cette étude s'attache plutôt à montrer dans une première partie comment les pères fondateurs et les premiers théoriciens (...) marxistes (Marx, Engels, Lénine, Trotsky, Kautsky, Luxemburg, Liebknecht, Jaurès, Bernstein, Bauer) ont abordé la domination mondiale du capitalisme, et quelles approches ils ont élaborées sur la paix et la guerre. Dans la seconde partie, l'auteur traite de l'Ecole de la dépendance (Celso Furtado, André Gunder Frank, Fernando Henrique Cardoso) et des néomarxistes (Immanuel Wallerstein, Robert Cox, Stephen Gill, Eric Hobsbawm) pour évaluer les travaux critiques qu'ils ont menés sur les partages violents du monde. Par-delà les spécificités de chacun de ces penseurs, ce livre souligne la cohérence de la théorie marxiste en tant que matrice explicative des relations internationales. Cette dernière s'articule autour de quelques notions clés comme la lutte des classes, l'impérialisme et le capitalisme. Autant de concepts qui se retrouvent, avec la mondialisation de l'économie de marché, au coeur des questionnements actuels. (shrink)

This paper analizes the work of Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto (Dependência e Desenvolvimento), to see the relation between state and social classes in the brazilian development process, yersteday and today.

O INJUSTIFICADO NÃO-RECONHECIMENTO DAS FAMÍLIAS SIMULTÂNEAS: UMA ANÁLISE CONSTITUCIONAL.

Neste artigo, as filosofias de Rorty e de Popper são comparadas na perspetiva das suas implicações sociais, culturais e políticas. O autor foca‑se em dois conceitos nucleares: conversação e argumentação. Ele argumenta que o contexto histórico e filosófico dessas filosofias é basicamente o mesmo: a problemática das consequências do holismo, no que diz respeito à teoria da significação, para o estatuto da própria filosofia – uma problemática como aquela que Quine, Kuhn, e Popper estabeleceram desde os anos sessenta do século (...) passado. Contudo, quando os dois conceitos são mais estreitamente comparados, eles parecem conduzir a conceções contrastantes da sociedade, da cultura e da política, que são cuidadosamente discutidas. (shrink)

The article aims to reconstruct the seventeenth-century debate of the scientific nature of mathematics and the possibility of conceiving an idea of a positive infinite to address the philosophical implications of mathematics in Spinoza’s work, emphasizing the geometric ordering in his Ethics. We will approach the mathematical thinking of that philosopher from three perspectives: the pedagogical, the epistemological and the ontological. In the pedagogical sense, his synthetic geometry aims to inhabit the evidence as rhetorical and pedagogical expression of a perfect (...) and self-evident concatenation that leads the progress of the reader through philosophical propositions. In the epistemological sense, we have the aim of inhabiting the thing defined by a genetic definition that provides the very acting essence of a thing. That epistemological sense provides us the difference between a definition of a thing by its predicates or through its inner essence. And finally, in the ontological sense of inhabiting the infinite itself, because geometry can bring us the proper way to conceive the positive idea of the absolutely infinite in which we necessarily are and take part. (shrink)

O artigo procura considerar a fecundidade da ideia de arte e da própria criação artística no interior da prática filosófica de Marilena Chaui a partir de quatro pontos: i - a defesa de uma estética que não seja meramente pautada pelo julgamento de gosto e pela experiência do belo, mas por relações ativas entre arte, vida, crítica e engajamento social; ii - um parêntese de uma história pessoal que entrelaça política, ensino e literatura; iii - uma análise da escrita não (...) apenas filosófica, mas literária da autora, em uma comparação à própria escrita de Espinosa; iv - a importância da voz e da criação no ensino de filosofia de Chaui. (shrink)

Not all symmetries are on a par. For instance, within Newtonian mechanics, we seem to have a good grasp on the empirical significance of boosts, by applying it to subsystems. This is exemplified by the thought experiment known as Galileo’s ship: the inertial state of motion of a ship is immaterial to how events unfold in the cabin, but is registered in the values of relational quantities such as the distance and velocity of the ship relative to the shore. But (...) the significance of gauge symmetries seems less clear. For example, can gauge transformations in Yang-Mills theory—taken as mere descriptive redundancy—exhibit a similar relational empirical significance as the boosts of Galileo’s ship? This question has been debated in the last fifteen years in philosophy of physics. I will argue that the answer is ‘yes’, but only for a finite subset of gauge transformations, and under special conditions. Under those conditions, we can mathematically identify empirical significance with a failure of supervenience: the state of the Universe is not uniquely determined by the intrinsic state of its isolated subsystems. Empirical significance is therefore encoded in those relations between subsystems that stand apart from their intrinsic states. (shrink)

Local gauge theories are in a complicated relationship with boundaries. Whereas fixing the gauge can often shave off unwanted redundancies, the coupling of different bounded regions requires the use of gauge-variant elements. Therefore, coupling is inimical to gauge-fixing, as usually understood. This resistance to gauge-fixing has led some to declare the coupling of subsystems to be the \textit{raison d'\^etre} of gauge \cite{RovelliGauge2013}. Indeed, while gauge-fixing is entirely unproblematic for a single region without boundary, it introduces arbitrary boundary conditions on the (...) gauge degrees of freedom themselves---these conditions lack a physical interpretation when they are not functionals of the original fields. Such arbitrary boundary choices creep into the calculation of charges through Noether's second theorem, muddling the assignment of physical charges to local gauge symmetries. The confusion brewn by gauge at boundaries is well-known, and must be contended with both conceptually and technically. It may seem natural to replace the arbitrary boundary choice with new degrees of freedom, for using such a device we resolve some of these confusions while leaving no gauge-dependence on the computation of Noether charges \cite{DonnellyFreidel}. But, concretely, such boundary degrees of freedom are rather arbitrary---they have no relation to the original field-content of the field theory. How should we conceive of them? Here I will explicate the problems mentioned above and illustrate a possible resolution: in a recent series of papers \cite{GomesRiello2016, GomesRiello2018, GomesHopfRiello} the notion of a connection-form was put forward and implemented in the field-space of gauge theories. Using this tool, a modified version of symplectic geometry---here called `horizontal'---is possible. Independently of boundary conditions, this formalism bestows to each region a physically salient, relational notion of charge: the horizontal Noether charge. Meanwhile, as required, the connection-form mediates an irenic composition of regions, one compatible with the attribution of horizontal Noether charges to each region. Thes aims of this paper are to highlight the boundary issues in the treatment of gauge, and to discuss how gauge theory may be conceptually clarified in light of a resolution to these issues. (shrink)

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Since communication and expression are central aspects of music performance it is important to develop a systematic pedagogy of teaching children and teenagers expressiveness. Although research has been growing in this area a comprehensive literature review that unifies the different approaches to teaching young musicians expressiveness has been lacking. Therefore, the aim of this article is to provide an overview of literature related to teaching and learning of expressiveness from music psychology and music education research in order to build a (...) new theoretical framework for teaching and learning expressive music performance in instrumental music lessons with children and teenagers. The article will start with a brief discussion of interpretation and expression in music performance, before providing an overview of studies that investigated teaching and learning of performance expression in instrumental music education with adults and children. On the foundation of this research a theoretical framework for dialogic teaching and learning of expressive music performance will be proposed and the rationale explained. Dialogic teaching can be useful for scaffolding young musicians’ learning of expressivity as open questions can stimulate thinking about the interpretation and may serve to connect musical ideas to the embodied experience of the learner. A “toolkit” for teaching and learning of expressiveness will be presented for practical application in music lessons. In addition, a theoretical model will be proposed to further our understanding of teaching and learning of expressive music performance as a multifaceted and interactive process that is embedded in the context of tutors’ and learners’ experiences and environment. Finally, implications of this framework and suggestions for future research will be discussed. (shrink)

After a brief introduction to issues that plague the realization of a theory of quantum gravity, I suggest that the main one concerns defining superpositions of causal structures. This leads me to a distinction between time and space, to a further degree than that present in the canonical approach to general relativity. With this distinction, one can make sense of superpositions as interference between alternative paths in the relational configuration space of the entire Universe. But the full use of relationalism (...) brings us to a timeless picture of Nature, as it does in the canonical approach. After a discussion of Parmenides and the Eleatics' rejection of time, I show that there is middle ground between their view of absolute timelessness and a view of physics taking place in timeless configuration space. In this middle ground, even though change does not fundamentally exist, the illusion of change can be recovered in a way not permitted by Parmenides. It is recovered through a particular density distribution over configuration space which gives rise to 'records'. Incidentally, this distribution seems to have the potential to dissolve further aspects of the measurement problem that can still be argued to haunt the application of decoherence to Many-Worlds quantum mechanics. I end with a discussion indicating that the conflict between the conclusions of this paper and our view of the continuity of the self may still intuitively bother us. Nonetheless, those conclusions should be no more challenging to our intuition than Derek Parfit's thought experiments on the subject. (shrink)

This article presents a study on the dialogue between the ideas and the aesthetics of Augusto dos Anjos. What is meant to be postulated is that the Paraiba’s poet puts his vigorous aesthetic to the service of ideas that were expurgated from the literary and academic scene under the label of vitalism, in favor of the hegemony of mechanism. Aesthetic images, the use of a nearly completely denotative scientific language, and morbidity, as paroxysms of this aesthetic project are not really (...) an isolated initiative of the poet, but not even his contemporaries understood the greatness of his project and how it was neces-sary, to accomplish it, that he raises his poetics to an unusual aesthetic level. Augusto dos Anjos, even on the fringes of the elitist epicenter of Ouvidor Street (where his accent and his color would have no place), succeeded in constructing a true poetics of denotation that became one of the most radical bulwarks of a literature that, by yours hands, entered modernity. Keywords: Augusto dos Anjos. Vitalism and mechanism. Denotation. Scientific poetry.1 Introdução1.1 Do propósitoNeste artigo pretendemos dissertar sobre um aspecto da poética diversificada de Augusto dos Anjos. Motiva esta pesquisa a observação de que sua obra ensejou interpretações controversas entre os estudio-sos, sobretudo quanto à uma categorização de ordem taxonômica, que a dispusesse sob o rótulo de um estilo. De fato, o Eu (1912), essa obra única de Augusto dos Anjos, é rica em elementos característicos de várias escolas e de diferentes estilos literários, e tais elementos são, não raro, antagônicos. Transitam pela poética de Augusto dos Anjos o Simbolismo, o SEÇÃO: ENSAIOSA ciência da poesia da ciência em Augusto dos AnjosThe science of science’s poetry in Augusto dos Anjos . (shrink)

Hybris, the concept which is briefly discussed in this article, is frequently looked upon, in archaic and classical Greek culture, as an outrage against mortals or immortals. For a hybris to exist, an excess is required regarding a given thresholdand a retaliatory counterpart, from a themistosynē, a specific sense of justice, a little different from dikaiosynē. This article proposes to think of hybris against physis (a concept which is also briefly discussed here), as a way of understanding both the punitive (...) counterpart that results in illness (individual or collective) and the means to avoid or circumvent the outcome or even the perpetration of hybris through the application of particular knowledge. (shrink)

A FUNÇÃO SOCIAL DA POSSE COMO PARÂMETRO PARA TRATAMENTO DOS CONFLITOS FUNDIÁRIOS URBANOS.

We review three broadly geometrodynamical---and in part, Machian or relational---projects, from the perspective of spacetime functionalism. We show how all three are examples of functionalist reduction of the type that was advocated by D. Lewis, and nowadays goes by the label `the Canberra Plan’. The projects are: the recovery of geometrodynamics by Hojman et al. ; the programme of Schuller and collaborators to deduce a metric from the physics of matter fields; the deduction of the ADM Hamiltonian by Gomes and (...) Shyam. We end by drawing a positive corollary about shape dynamics: namely, it has a good rationale for the Hamiltonian it postulates. (shrink)

Barbour’s interpretation of Mach’s principle led him to postulate that gravity should be formulated as a dynamical theory of spatial conformal geometry, or in his terminology, “shapes.” Recently, it was shown that the dynamics of General Relativity can indeed be formulated as the dynamics of shapes. This new Shape Dynamics theory, unlike earlier proposals by Barbour and his collaborators, implements local spatial conformal invariance as a gauge symmetry that replaces refoliation invariance in General Relativity. It is the purpose of this (...) paper to answer frequent questions about (new) Shape Dynamics, such as its relation to Poincaré invariance, General Relativity, Constant Mean (extrinsic) Curvature gauge, earlier Shape Dynamics, and finally the conformal approach to the initial value problem of General Relativity. Some of these relations can be clarified by considering a simple model: free electrodynamics and its dual shift symmetric formulation. This model also serves as an example where symmetry trading is used for usual gauge theories. (shrink)

In an accompanying paper Gomes, we have put forward an interpretation of quantum mechanics based on a non-relativistic, Lagrangian 3+1 formalism of a closed Universe M, existing on timeless configuration space \ of some field over M. However, not much was said there about the role of locality, which was not assumed. This paper is an attempt to fill that gap. Locality in full can only emerge dynamically, and is not postulated. This new understanding of locality is based solely on (...) the properties of extremal paths in configuration space. I do not demand locality from the start, as it is usually done, but showed conditions under which certain systems exhibit it spontaneously. In this way we recover semi-classical local behavior when regions dynamically decouple from each other, a notion more appropriate for extension into quantum mechanics. The dynamics of a sub-region O within the closed manifold M is independent of its complement, \, if the projection of extremal curves on \ onto the space of extremal curves intrinsic to O is a surjective map. This roughly corresponds to \, where \ is a linear projection. This criterion for locality can be made approximate—an impossible feat had it been already postulated—and it can be applied for theories which do not have hyperbolic equations of motion, and/or no fixed causal structure. When two regions are mutually independent according to the criterion proposed here, the semi-classical path integral kernel factorizes, showing cluster decomposition which is the ultimate aim of a definition of locality. (shrink)

In this paper, I provide an extensive examination of the political theory of Thomas Hobbes in order to discuss its relevance to an understanding of contemporary issues and challenges faced by criminal law and criminal justice theory. I start by proposing that a critical analysis of Hobbes’s account of punishment reveals a paradox that not only is fundamental to understanding his model of political society, but also can offer important insights into the preventive turn experienced by advanced liberal legal systems. (...) I then suggest that the main importance of an analysis of Hobbes’s theoretical framework lies in how it reveals an inextricable and problematic link between individual autonomy and political authority in the normative conception of the modern liberal state, grounded on the notion of insecurity. By exploring how legal scholars have recently engaged with aspects of this problematic in criminal law and punishment posed by Hobbes’s work, I argue that the paradox found in punishment is such that it both legitimates the criminal law and undermines its normative aspirations, particularly the possibility of securing individual liberty against the power of the liberal state. (shrink)

Describing a Mundus Novus was a very singular task in the sixteenth century. It was an effort shaped by a permanent inherent tension between novelty and normality, between the immense variety of new facts and the demand of credibility. How did these inner strains affect the narrative style of the first descriptions of the natural world of ‘the Indies’? How were the first European observers of the nature of America able to simultaneously transmit the idea of immensity and regularity, and (...) that of novelty? How did they attempt to describe new worlds knowing that there was a lot – perhaps too much – to tell? This paper focuses not on the much-discussed epistemological issues related to those questions, but on their narrative and stylistic consequences. We argue that the first Europeans meeting the new realities of the Americas or India had to meet new challenges, and these translated into texts with specific characteristics. Thus, their first descriptions are essentially different from the texts about the natural world that were written before or after the ‘discovery’. We show that they adopted very specific discursive approaches, and were deeply influenced by the credibility strategies of the medical profession in which they had been trained. (shrink)

The inherent difficulty in talking about quantum decoherence in the context of quantum cosmology is that decoherence requires subsystems, and cosmology is the study of the whole Universe. Consistent histories gave a possible answer to this conundrum, by phrasing decoherence as loss of interference between alternative histories of closed systems. When one can apply Boolean logic to a set of histories, it is deemed ‘consistent’. However, the vast majority of the sets of histories that are merely consistent are blatantly nonclassical (...) in other respects, and further constraints than just consistency need to be invoked. In this paper, I attempt to give an alternative answer to the issues faced by consistent histories, by exploring a timeless interpretation of quantum mechanics of closed systems. This is done solely in terms of path integrals in non-relativistic, timeless, configuration space. What prompts a fresh look at such foundational problems in this context is the advent of multiple gravitational models in which Lorentz symmetry is not fundamental, but only emergent. And what allows this approach to overcome previous barriers to a timeless, conditional probabilities interpretation of quantum mechanics is the new notion of records—made possible by an inherent asymmetry of configuration space. I outline and explore consequences of this approach for foundational issues of quantum mechanics, such as the natural emergence of the Born rule, conservation of probabilities, and the Sleeping Beauty paradox. (shrink)

_Changing the Subject_ is a classic critique of traditional psychology in which the foundations of critical and feminist psychology are laid down. Pioneering and foundational, it is still _the _groundbreaking text crucial to furthering the new psychology in both teaching and research. Now reissued with a new foreword describing the changes which have taken place over the last few years, _Changing the Subject _will continue to have a significant impact on thinking about psychology and social theory.

As críticas de Sokal e Bricmont ao pós-modernismo contidas na obra “Imposturas Intelectuais” causaram diferentes reações no Brasil e no exterior. Entre nós, não houve, contudo, um estudo acadêmico que se dedicasse exclusivamente a compreender, sistematizar e descrever as ideias sobre o pós-modernismo contidas na obra como um todo. O presente artigo pretende suprir essa lacuna e contribuir para a literatura existente. Para cumprir o objetivo geral de compreensão, sistematização e descrição mencionado, a investigação filosófica da obra visou i) as (...) características gerais e as raízes intelectuais e sociais do pós-modernismo; ii) as críticas filosóficas e sociopolíticas feitas por Sokal e Bricmont ao pós-modernismo; iii) os antídotos ou alternativas ao pós-modernismo apresentadas pelos autores. O resultado poderá ser útil como material de apoio no estudo da obra e no estudo do pensamento dos pensadores pós-modernos criticados por Sokal e Bricmont; para a análise crítica de outros pensadores pós-modernos; para quem queira se engajar no debate a respeito do pós-modernismo, seja para criticá-lo, seja para defendê-lo. Pelo seu conteúdo, poderá ser de particular interesse para estudiosos da filosofia e história do pensamento, da epistemologia geral e da epistemologia das ciências humanas e sociais, da sociologia da ciência e de quem se interessa pelas interseções entre ciência, racionalidade e emancipação social. (shrink)

In the 18th century, Guilielmus Piso arrives in Brazil as the archiater in the court of John Maurice of Nassau. Upon his return to Europe, he takes on the task of writing a descriptive treatise of these Western Indies. For this purpose, he makes use of the mental framework bequeathed by his education, setting up therefore the treatise On Airs, Waters and Places about Brazil. In the same manner and by the same means found in the homonymous treatise of the (...) Corpus Hippocraticum, and fortified by the authority of Latin (and Galenic) tradition, Piso undertakes an analysis of the man from this Land and his customs, taking as the axis of the “anthropological” part of his treatise the relation between a conception of nature that is merely an interpretation of the Hippocratic φύσις and the indolent ἦθος, which, by its turn, gave birth to a long-term imaginary lasting until the 21st century. (shrink)

Este artigo tem o objetivo de desconstruir o modo como cotidianamente compreendemos a natureza do espaço como extensão. Além disso, pretendemos apresentar como contraponto a esse entendimento, a compreensão heideggeriana de espaço. Em Heidegger, ao invés de algo fora, separado e apartado do sujeito, o espaço é uma dimensão constitutiva daquilo que é a experiência que nós somos. Para cumprir com esses objetivos, vamos seguir de perto, principalmente, a obra Ser e tempo.

A INEFICIENTE POLÍTICA DA CRIMINALIZAÇÃO DO ABORTO: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE BRASIL E URUGUAI.