First published in 1969. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

El autor postula que estamos ante un conflicto por la estrategia de globalización, siendo la actual lucha por reformular la idea de Estado de Derecho una de sus aristas. Esto ha significado un aplastamiento creciente de los derechos humanos por el Estado de Derecho y por la democracia. Se trata de un conflicto con un fondo profundo que bajo ninguna circunstancia encontrará solución por un simple cambio de gobierno en Estados Unidos. El conflicto es a largo plazo y va a (...) seguir produciendo muchas víctimas. Postula que estamos en pleno desarrollo de un nuevo totalitarismo en cuya construcción la estrategia de globalización está en la raíz del problema. (shrink)

El artículo pretende destacar la relevancia de la lógica dialéctica para el concepto de libertad. Al respecto, Ungler comienza señalando algunas dificultades fundamentales que surgen, tanto para la metafísica dogmática como para la filosofía trascendental de Kant en el concepto de libertad. Considerando la filosofía trascendental de Kant, Ungler enfatiza su visión revolucionaria de que la libertad ya no se entiende como una propiedad de una cosa sino más bien como una auto–relación. Sin embargo, el problema fundamental que el concepto (...) de libertad nos reclama, es pensar y, de este modo, resolver la contradicción irresuelta en Kant. Ungler apunta la solución de este problema, considerando los §§ 5–7 de los Fundamentos de la filosofía del derecho de Hegel. Finalmente, las observaciones críticas sobre las tendencias que prevalecen en la interpretación de la libertad demuestran la relevancia del concepto de libertad de Hegel. (shrink)

This article shows that a slight variation of the argument in Milne 1996 yields the log‐likelihood ratio l rather than the log‐ratio measure r as “the one true measure of confirmation. ” *Received December 2006; revised December 2007. †To contact the author, please write to: Formal Epistemology Research Group, Zukunftskolleg and Department of Philosophy, University of Konstanz, P.O. Box X906, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; e‐mail: franz.huber@uni‐konstanz.de.

F. Brentano. Franz Brentano ARISTOTELES LEHRE VOM URSPRUNG DES_ MENSOHLIOI-IEN GEISTES VON FRANZ BREN'I'ANO. Aristoteles Lehre vom Ursprung des menschlichen Geistes. Front Cover.

Author cultivated fermenting cells (Scccharomyces spec.) in must of grapes and measured the various vital phenomena. The data thus received described in a rectangular co-ordinate as a function of time, found three kinds of characteristic curves in every vital phenomenon (whether belonging to the group of feeding, growth or that of increase): I. the curve described bySachs in 1873 and called the curve of the great period of evolution (Fig. 1:s). 2. the one described byM. G. Harting in 1845, and (...) the curve of individual or ontogenetic evolution (Fig. 1:S). 3. the undulatory curve similar to a sinus-cosinus function, deduced in theory by author and later on, in 1915, also found on an experimental basis (Fig. 3). — Analysing these curves, author demonstrates that they are in the closest relationship with each other. The course ofSachs' great period is identical with the function of the aperiodically mitigated vibromotion; the course ofHarting's ontogenetic curve is identical with the integral of the previous aperiodic function; the undulatory curve discovered by the author, and the one belonging to the philogenesis of evolution, consist of two details, one of the members is formed from the function of aperiodically mitigated vibromotion, and the other from a function of periodically mitigated vibration. — Mitigated vibromotion, according to our present knowledge can only arise if a body capable of vibration is simultaneously affected by a force establishing movement and a resistance mitigating the movement. In the living organism, on this basis, there is also a force and a resistance. The living organism obtains this force from food while the resistance is rooted in the construction of the cell. The author proves that the cells which no longer divide (the so-called permanent tissueforming cells) follow an aperiodical vibromotor course in their development while in the development of the continually dividing, so-called meristematic cells, owing to the periodic change of division and regeneration, the potential of the energy accommodates itself to the periodic vibromotor course. Both forms of development are derived from the identical differential equation: d2s/dt2=−w2s−2r ds/dt, the only difference between the two phenomena is that by aperiodic oscillation it is r2>w2 while by periodic it is r2shrink)

The interactive nature of the Internet is seen by some as a technological innovation that might boost participation in politics and civic affairs. That potential, however, is clouded by imprecise definitions of interactivity found among scholars and practitioners alike. Evaluation of state legislature Web sites found them to not be very interactive under most definitions of the term. Chief technology officers of the legislatures appear to differ as to which site features promote interactivity. The current state of these sites may (...) do more to encourage civic engagement than to promote interactivity. (shrink)

Der Band 'Versuch über die Erkenntnis' wurde von A. Kastil im Jahre 1925 in der Philosophischen Bibliothek herausgegeben. Seinen Inhalt bildet hauptsächlich Franz Brentanos nachgelassene, umfangreiche Schrift: 'Nieder mit den Vorurteilen!' Sie trägt den Untertitel: 'Ein Mahnwort an die Gegenwart, im Geiste von Bacon und Descartes von allem blinden Apriori sich loszusagen'. Die aus dem Jahre 1903 stammende Abhandlung: 'Nieder mit den Vorurteilen!' beschäftigt sich im I. und II. Teil vorwiegend mit Kants synthetischen Urteilen a priori, die mit aller (...) Entschiedenheit abgelehnt werden, weil wir - nach Brentanos Auffassung - in ihnen keine Erkenntnisse, sondern nur blinde Vorurteile gegeben haben. (shrink)

Whiteheads Prozessphilosophie und Piagets genetischer Strukturalismus stellen zwei der originellsten Denkentwurfe unseres Jahrhunderts dar. Beide Ansatze haben Forschungsaktivitaten auf den verschiedensten Gebieten angeregt. Alte Problemstellungen wurden in ihrem Licht transformiert und neue, uberraschende Losungsvorschlage erarbeitet. In diesem Buch wurde der systematische Versuch unternommen, Piagets genetischen Strukturalismus in Whiteheads Prozessphilosophie zu integrieren. Die inhaltlichen Parallelen - bis ins Detail und bis hin zu ansatzimmanenten Problemen - belegen, dass dies gegluckt ist. Whiteheads Prozessphilosophie erweist sich folglich als Hoffnungstrager in einer Zeit mit (...) zunehmend komplexer werdenden Problemen und interdisziplinaren Fragestellungen.". (shrink)

Das hypermoderne China trifft auf das Land der Dichter und Denker: Ein deutscher Professor verbringt einen Sommer in Shanghai – mit Kant, Fichte und Hegel im Gepäck. 13 Geschichten erzählen von diesem Abenteuer in der Fremde, in dem Kulturen aufeinandertreffen, die auf den ersten Blick unterschiedlicher kaum sein können. Vor der berauschenden Skyline Pudongs wird Vertrautes fremd, Fremdes kommt einem erstaunlich nah. Sowohl China, konfrontiert mit den Ideen der Aufklärung, als auch unsere alten Philosophen – was wussten die schon von (...) Wolkenkratzern und Teezeremonien? – erscheinen nach dieser Reise in einem neuen Licht. (shrink)

Emotions are a core factor of learning. Studies have shown that multiple emotions are co-experienced during learning and have a significant impact on learning outcomes. The present study investigated the importance of multiple, co-occurring emotions during learning about human biology with MetaTutor, a hypermedia-based intelligent tutoring system. Person-centered as well as variable-centered approaches of cluster analyses were used to identify emotion clusters. The person-centered clustering analyses indicated three emotion profiles: a positive, negative and neutral profile. Students with a negative profile (...) learned less than those with other profiles and also reported less usage of emotion regulation strategies. Emotion clusters identified through spectral co-clustering confirmed these results. Throughout the learning activity, emotions built a stable correlational structure of a positive, a negative, a neutral and a boredom emotion cluster. Positive emotion cluster scores before the learning activity and negative emotion cluster scores during the learning activity predicted learning, but not consistently. These results reveal the importance of negative emotions during learning with MetaTutor. Potential moderating factors and implications for the design and development of educational interventions that target emotions and emotion regulation with digital learning environments are discussed. (shrink)

Charles Darwin can be regarded as one of the most prominent advocates of an evolutionary approach to ethics or moral philosophy in the nineteenth century and a forerunner of modern evolutionary ethics. Unlike many evolutionists of his days he consequently expanded the theory of evo- lution by natural selection to moral phenomena. He argued that such phenom- ena are deeply rooted in human nature and that humans are endowed with “social instincts.” Also, he maintained that with the aid of our (...) intellect we can strengthen and refine our natural sympathy for others. Darwin believed in moral progress, defended the ideas of justice and solidarity and gave substan- tial support to an evolutionary humanism. His views on morality are still refreshing and deserve full attention of moral philosophers. (shrink)

This study forms part of a larger research project examining the election process for the Nobel prizes for Physiology or Medicine at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, and the role and function of the prizes in early 20th century Swedish and international medicine. The purpose of the study is to clarify the decision-making process which led to the Nobel prize for Paul Ehrlich in 1908, for work on immunity. His award was preceded by the most dramatic conflict within the prize (...) authority concerning any prizewinner prior to World War I, and thus is apt to illuminate both the implicit and explicit criteria and the strategies used in the prize deliberations.Ehrlich's chemical ideas on the immune response were criticized by the physical chemist Svante Arrhenius who recommended the application of his disciplines's methods and principles on immunological problems. This criticisms were brought into the Nobel prize debate by J.E. Johansson, a physiologist who asserted that Ehrlich's research was of little scientific value and therefore not worthy of a prize. Yet the majority of the Institute, led by its chairmam, the chemist K.A.H. Mörner, succeeded in awarding Ehrlich. (shrink)

Alfred North Whitehead, although probably known best for his collaborative work with Bertrand Russell on the Principia Mathematica, also developed an original theory of learning and instruction which has much to offer for our times. His theory will be discussed in this paper. In order to do so, two criteria are first developed which in their combination give rise to five categories: radical behaviorism, cognitivism, and radical constructivism, with the intermediary categories of moderate behaviorism and moderate constructivism. A great number (...) of educational researchers are ascribed to one of these five categories. After discussing the shortcomings of the three major philosophical proponents of these three major educational approaches (Hume, Kant, and Berkeley), the basic assumptions of Whitehead’s philosophy of organism are presented, and his assumptions concerning learning and teaching are discussed in view of it. Finally, it is shown that Whitehead’s organismic philosophy is able to offer a frame for integrating Behaviorism, Cognitivism, and Constructivism, thereby solving a long standing scandal of education. (shrink)

INTRODUCTION Of the works by Franz Brentano (-) which have appeared in English thus far, perhaps none is better suited to convey a clear idea of the spirit ...