The possibility of transforming social reality is one of the presuppositions of critical social sciences. How can it be turned into both an object and a central objective of inquiry, particularly in sociology? A brief look at the history of the discipline, in the form of a return to certain texts of German critical theory inspired by Marx and Weber – both of whom placed possibilities at the heart of their sociology – and to Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology allows us to (...) show that the problem of elaborating an inquiry about possibilities has often been posed and is viewed as a privileged vector for critical knowledge. The contours of this research tradition are outlined in this article. It goes on to propose several fields of application that either already exist or are in the making. The article then suggests making the possibilities of the present and the hopes considered and practised a focal point of critical sociology. Following such a research programme should also lead to a better way of handling the recurrent contestation of the transformative ambitions of these disciplines and the doubts about their emancipatory power. The last section evokes the temporal schemes according to which it is advisable, in the present, to apprehend these latent desirable possibilities from the angle of the relationship to the future and the question of progress. (shrink)