Results for 'Inconsistent Science'

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  1.  46
    Understanding Inconsistent Science.Peter Vickers - 2013 - Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press.
    Peter Vickers examines 'inconsistent theories' in the history of science--theories which, though contradictory, are held to be extremely useful. He argues that these 'theories' are actually significantly different entities, and warns that the traditional goal of philosophy to make substantial, general claims about how science works is misguided.
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  2.  29
    Eliminating inconsistency in science: Peter Vickers: Understanding inconsistent science. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013, xii+273pp, £30.00 HB.Mark P. Newman - 2014 - Metascience 24 (1):49-53.
    In this book, Peter Vickers argues that inconsistency in science has been massively exaggerated by philosophers. In his view, inconsistent science is neither as rampant nor as damaging as many have supposed. To argue his point, he develops a specific method he calls theory eliminativism and applies it to four case studies from the history of physics and mathematics .The method is original and convincing, and the case studies well researched and compelling. Vickers’ monograph provides a challenge (...)
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  3. Can Partial Structures Accommodate Inconsistent Science?Peter Vickers - 2009 - Principia: An International Journal of Epistemology 13 (2):133-250.
    The semantic approach to scientific representation is now long established as a favourite amongst philosophers of science. One of the foremost strains of this approach—the model-theoretic approach —is to represent scientific theories as families of models, all of which satisfy or ‘make true’ a given set of constraints. However some authors have criticised the approach on the grounds that certain scientific theories are logically inconsistent, and there can be no models of an inconsistent set of constraints. Thus (...)
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  4.  44
    Understanding Inconsistent Science, by Peter Vickers.T. Nickles - 2015 - Mind 124 (496):1398-1401.
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  5.  39
    ‘Understanding Inconsistent Science’, by Vickers, Peter: Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013, pp. xi + 273, £40 (hardback). [REVIEW]Paul Dicken - 2014 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 92 (3):609-611.
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  6.  31
    Understanding Inconsistent Science[REVIEW]Zanja Yudell - 2015 - Philosophical Quarterly 65 (261):876-878.
  7.  18
    Inconsistency in Science.Joke Meheus (ed.) - 2002 - Dordrecht, Netherland: Springer Verlag.
    For centuries, inconsistencies were seen as a hindrance to good reasoning, and their role in the sciences was ignored. In recent years, however, logicians as well as philosophers and historians have showed a growing interest in the matter. Central to this change were the advent of paraconsistent logics, the shift in attention from finished theories to construction processes, and the recognition that most scientific theories were at some point either internally inconsistent or incompatible with other accepted findings. The new (...)
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  8.  79
    Peter Vickers: Understanding inconsistent science[REVIEW]Mathias Frisch - 2016 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 67 (3):913-918.
  9.  66
    Peter Vickers: Understanding Inconsistent Science[REVIEW]Bryson Brown - 2015 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 46 (2):413-418.
  10.  50
    Beyond Toleration? Inconsistency and Pluralism in the Empirical Sciences.María del Rosario Martínez-Ordaz & Luis Estrada-González - 2017 - Humana Mente 10 (32).
    Nowadays there is a growing tendency in the philosophy of science to think that some phenomena cannot be exhaustively explained, or even described, by a single theory or a particular approach. Thus, we are occasionally required to use various approaches in order to give account of the phenomenon we are analyzing. And sometimes, we can appreciate this as an invitation to be pluralist in certain respects about our understanding of a particular aspect in science. -/- During the last (...)
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  11. Inconsistency of natural sciences and religious doctrines in ghazzalis view causation and self.Alireza Agdar - 2012 - پژوهشنامه فلسفه دین 1 (2):129-150.
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  12.  43
    On the Inconsistency between Practice and Reporting in Science: The Genesis of Scientific Articles.Teresa Diaz Gonçalves - 2023 - Social Epistemology 37 (5):684-697.
    Scientific publications depict science as an orderly endeavour and the epitome of rationality. In contrast, scientific practice is messy and not strictly rational. Here, I analyse this inconsistency, which is recurrent, and try to clarify its meaning for the functioning of science. The discussion is based on a review of relevant literature and detailed analysis of the role of each of the three intervening elements, the scientist, his/her practice and the scientific publication, with an emphasis on the circular (...)
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  13.  59
    Inductive inconsistencies and conditional laws of science.Stefan Nowak - 1972 - Synthese 23 (4):357 - 373.
  14. Can good science be logically inconsistent?Kevin Davey - 2014 - Synthese 191 (13):3009-3026.
    Some philosophers have recently argued that contrary to the traditional view, good scientific theories can in fact be logically inconsistent. The literature is now full of case-studies that are taken to support this claim. I will argue however that as of yet no-one has managed to articulate a philosophically interesting view about the role of logically inconsistent theories in science that genuinely goes against tradition, is plausibly true, and is supported by any of the case studies usually (...)
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  15. Is science inconsistent?Otávio Bueno & Peter Vickers - 2014 - Synthese 191 (13):2887-2889.
    There has always been interest in inconsistency in science, not least within science itself as scientists strive to devise a consistent picture of the universe. Some important early landmarks in this history are Copernicus’s criticism of the Ptolemaic picture of the heavens, Galileo’s claim that Aristotle’s theory of motion was inconsistent, and Berkeley’s claim that the early calculus was inconsistent. More recent landmarks include the classical theory of the electron, Bohr’s theory of the atom, and the (...)
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  16. Theory flexibility and inconsistency in science.Peter Vickers - 2014 - Synthese 191 (13):2891-2906.
    For several decades now philosophers have discussed apparent examples of internally inconsistent scientific theories. However, there is still much controversy over how exactly we should conceive of scientific theories in the first place. Here I argue for a new approach, whereby all of the truly important questions about inconsistency in science can be asked and answered without disagreements about theories and theory-content getting in the way. Three examples commonly described as ‘internally inconsistent theories’ are analysed in the (...)
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  17.  27
    Why inconsistency is not hell : Making room for inconsistency in science.Otavio Bueno - 2006 - In Erik J. Olsson, Knowledge and Inquiry: Essays on the Pragmatism of Isaac Levi. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 70.
  18.  44
    Inconsistencies and the dynamics of science.Joke Meheus - 2003 - Logic and Logical Philosophy 11:129-148.
    It is generally agreed upon today that scientific reasoning, like everyday reasoning, proceeds in a dynamic way: inferences derived at some stage in the reasoning process may at a later stage be rejected. This dynamics may be extrinsic or intrinsic. I shall call it extrinsic when previously derived conclusions are rejected on non-logical grounds, and intrinsic when their rejection is based on a purely logical analysis.
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  19.  15
    Inconsistency in science.P. Quigley - unknown
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  20. Coping with inconsistencies: Examples form the social sciences.Erik Weber & Jeroen Van Bouwel - 2005 - Logic and Logical Philosophy 14 (1):89-101.
    In this paper we present two case studies on inconsistencies in the social sciences. The first is devoted to sociologist George Caspar Homans and his exchange theory. We argue that his account of how he arrived at his theory is highly misleading, because it ignores the inconsistencies he had to cope with. In the second case study we analyse how John Maynard Keynes coped with the inconsistency between classical economic theory and real economic conditions in developing his path-breaking theory.
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  21. Physics, inconsistency, and quasi-truth.Newton C. A. Da Costa & Décio Krause - 2014 - Synthese 191 (13):3041-3055.
    In this work, the first of a series, we study the nature of informal inconsistency in physics, focusing mainly on the foundations of quantum theory, and appealing to the concept of quasi-truth. We defend a pluralistic view of the philosophy of science, grounded on the existence of inconsistencies and on quasi-truth. Here, we treat only the ‘classical aspects’ of the subject, leaving for a forthcoming paper the ‘non-classical’ part.
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  22.  59
    The 'Galilean Style in Science' and the Inconsistency of Linguistic Theorising.András Kertész - 2012 - Foundations of Science 17 (1):91-108.
    Chomsky’s principle of epistemological tolerance says that in theoretical linguistics contradictions between the data and the hypotheses may be temporarily tolerated in order to protect the explanatory power of the theory. The paper raises the following problem: What kinds of contradictions may be tolerated between the data and the hypotheses in theoretical linguistics? First a model of paraconsistent logic is introduced which differentiates between week and strong contradiction. As a second step, a case study is carried out which exemplifies that (...)
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  23.  52
    Holism, Inconsistency Toleration and Inconsistencies between Theory and Observation.María del Rosario Martínez-Ordaz - 2017 - Humana Mente 10 (32):117-147.
    It has recently been argued by Davey (2014) that inconsistency is never tolerated in science, but only discretely isolated. But when talking about inconsistencies in science, not much attention has been paid to the inconsistencies between theory and observation. Here I will argue that inconsistency toleration actually takes place in science, and that when we examine actual inconsistent theories, inconsistencies between theory and observation look anything but homogeneous. I will argue, appealing to certain properties of empirical (...)
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  24.  42
    Keeping Globally Inconsistent Scientific Theories Locally Consistent.Michele Friend & María del Rosario Martínez-Ordaz - 2018 - In Walter Carnielli & Jacek Malinowski, Contradictions, from Consistency to Inconsistency. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp. 53-88.
    Most scientific theories are globally inconsistent. Chunk and Permeate is a method of rational reconstruction that can be used to separate, and identify, locally consistent chunks of reasoning or explanation. This then allows us to justify reasoning in a globally inconsistent theory. We extend chunk and permeate by adding a visually transparent way of guiding the individuation of chunks and deciding on what information permeates from one chunk to the next. The visual representation is in the form of (...)
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  25.  94
    Prior’s tonk, notions of logic, and levels of inconsistency: vindicating the pluralistic unity of science in the light of categorical logical positivism.Yoshihiro Maruyama - 2016 - Synthese 193 (11).
    There are still on-going debates on what exactly is wrong with Prior’s pathological “tonk.” In this article I argue, on the basis of categorical inferentialism, that two notions of inconsistency ought to be distinguished in an appropriate account of tonk; logic with tonk is inconsistent as the theory of propositions, and it is due to the fallacy of equivocation; in contrast to this diagnosis of the Prior’s tonk problem, nothing is actually wrong with tonk if logic is viewed as (...)
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  26.  29
    Scraping heavens. On Inconsistencies in sciences.Max Urchs - 1999 - Logic and Logical Philosophy 7:151.
  27. Inconsistency, asymmetry, and non-locality: a philosophical investigation of classical electrodynamics.Mathias Frisch - 2005 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Mathias Frisch provides the first sustained philosophical discussion of conceptual problems in classical particle-field theories. Part of the book focuses on the problem of a satisfactory equation of motion for charged particles interacting with electromagnetic fields. As Frisch shows, the standard equation of motion results in a mathematically inconsistent theory, yet there is no fully consistent and conceptually unproblematic alternative theory. Frisch describes in detail how the search for a fundamental equation of motion is partly driven by pragmatic considerations (...)
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  28. The inconsistency of natural languages: How we live with it.Jody Azzouni - 2007 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 50 (6):590 – 605.
    I revisit my earlier arguments for the (trivial) inconsistency of natural languages, and take up the objection that no such argument can be established on the basis of surface usage. I respond with the evidential centrality of surface usage: the ways it can and can't be undercut by linguistic science. Then some important ramifications of having an inconsistent natural language are explored: (1) the temptation to engage in illegitimate reductio reasoning, (2) the breakdown of the knowledge idiom (because (...)
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  29.  70
    The Inconsistency of the Identity Thesis.Christopher Hom & Robert May - 2014 - ProtoSociology 31:113-120.
    In theorizing about racial pejoratives, an initially attractive view is that pejoratives have the same reference as their “neutral counterparts”. Call this the identity thesis. According to this thesis, the terms “kike” and “Jew”, for instance, pick out the same set of people. To be a Jew just is to be a kike, and so to make claims about Jews just is to make claims about kikes. In this way, the two words are synonymous, and so make the same contribution (...)
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  30. One phenomenon, many models: Inconsistency and complementarity.Margaret Morrison - 2011 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 42 (2):342-351.
    The paper examines philosophical issues that arise in contexts where one has many different models for treating the same system. I show why in some cases this appears relatively unproblematic (models of turbulence) while others represent genuine difficulties when attempting to interpret the information that models provide (nuclear models). What the examples show is that while complementary models needn’t be a hindrance to knowledge acquisition, the kind of inconsistency present in nuclear cases is, since it is indicative of a lack (...)
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  31.  73
    Mechanisms as miracle makers? The rise and inconsistencies of the "mechanismic approach" in social science and history.Zenonas Norkus - 2005 - History and Theory 44 (3):348–372.
    In the increasing body of metatheoretical literature on "causal mechanisms," definitions of "mechanism" proliferate, and these increasingly divergent definitions reproduce older theoretical and methodological oppositions. The reason for this proliferation is the incompatibility of the various metatheoretical expectations directed to them: (1) to serve as an alternative to the scientific theory of individual behavior (for some social theorists, most notably Jon Elster); (2) to provide solutions for causal inference problems in the quantitative social sciences, in social history, and in the (...)
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  32. Perspectivism, inconsistent models, and contrastive explanation.Anjan Chakravartty - 2010 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 41 (4):405-412.
    It is widely recognized that scientific theories are often associated with strictly inconsistent models, but there is little agreement concerning the epistemic consequences. Some argue that model inconsistency supports a strong perspectivism, according to which claims serving as interpretations of models are inevitably and irreducibly perspectival. Others argue that in at least some cases, inconsistent models can be unified as approximations to a theory with which they are associated, thus undermining this kind of perspectivism. I examine the arguments (...)
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  33.  99
    Inconsistency and scientific reasoning.Joel M. Smith - 1988 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 19 (4):429-445.
    This is a philosophical and historical investigation of the role of inconsistent representations of the same scientific phenomenon. The logical difficulties associated with the simultaneous application of inconsistent models are discussed. Internally inconsistent scientific proposals are characterized as structures whose application is necessarily tied to the confirming evidence that each of its components enjoys and to a vision of the general form of the theory that will resolve the inconsistency. Einstein's derivation of the black body radiation law (...)
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  34.  25
    Measuring inconsistency in some branching time logics.John Grant - 2021 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 31 (2):85-107.
    Branching time logics have been studied in computer science since the 1980s primarily to model the tree of computations for discrete transition systems. Inconsistency measures for propositional log...
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  35. Inconsistent idealizations and inferentialism about scientific representation.Peter Tan - 2021 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 89 (C):11-18.
    Inferentialists about scientific representation hold that an apparatus’s representing a target system consists in the apparatus allowing “surrogative inferences” about the target. I argue that a serious problem for inferentialism arises from the fact that many scientific theories and models contain internal inconsistencies. Inferentialism, left unamended, implies that inconsistent scientific models have unlimited representational power, since an inconsistency permits any conclusion to be inferred. I consider a number of ways that inferentialists can respond to this challenge before suggesting my (...)
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  36. Inconsistency in classical electrodynamics?F. A. Muller - 2007 - Philosophy of Science 74 (2):253-277.
    In a recent issue of this journal, M. Frisch claims to have proven that classical electrodynamics is an inconsistent physical theory. We argue that he has applied classical electrodynamics inconsistently. Frisch also claims that all other classical theories of electromagnetic phenomena, when consistent and in some sense an approximation of classical electrodynamics, are haunted by “serious conceptual problems” that defy resolution. We argue that this claim is based on a partisan if not misleading presentation of theoretical research in classical (...)
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  37. An inconsistency in the (supposed) prohibitions of philosophy.Terence Rajivan Edward - manuscript
    In different papers, David Liggins and Chris Daly tell philosophers what they should not do. There is no sign of them withdrawing any of these prohibitions, but I show that they fail to be consistent when asserting them. The inconsistency concerns when a philosopher should defer to the empirical findings of science.
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  38.  14
    Inconsistent with the data: Support for the CLASH model depends on the wrong kind of latitude.Darren Burke, Danielle Sulikowski, Ian Stephen & Robert Brooks - 2017 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40.
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  39. Inconsistency in classical electrodynamics.Mathias Frisch - 2004 - Philosophy of Science 71 (4):525-549.
    I show that the standard approach to modeling phenomena involving microscopic classical electrodynamics is mathematically inconsistent. I argue that there is no conceptually unproblematic and consistent theory covering the same phenomena to which this inconsistent theory can be thought of as an approximation; and I propose a set of conditions for the acceptability of inconsistent theories.
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  40.  27
    Investigating Consistencies, Inconsistencies, and the Meaning of the Ceteris Paribus Clause in Chemistry.Jean-Pierre Llored - 2017 - Humana Mente 10 (32):53-74.
    Chemists do not aim at testing preconceptions or theoretical hypotheses only; they first and foremost produce and determine the object of chemical investigation: they learn through making. They never cease to create and stabilize heterogeneous devices, methods, models, and theories in order to act upon the world. Chemical bodies cannot be studied in isolation; their properties constitutively depend on what surrounds and acts upon them. Starting from the specificity of chemical practices, this paper investigates the meaning of consistency, inconsistency, and (...)
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  41.  32
    Measuring Inconsistency in Generalized Propositional Logic Extended with Nonunary Operators.John Grant - 2023 - Logica Universalis 17 (3):373-404.
    As consistency is such an important topic in logic, researchers have for a long time investigated how to attain and maintain it. But consistency can also be studied from the point of view of its opposite, inconsistency. The problem with inconsistency in classical logic is that by the principle of explosion a single inconsistency leads to triviality. Paraconsistent logics were introduced to get around this problem by defining logics in such a way that the explosion principle does not apply to (...)
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  42. Inductive inconsistencies.Carl Gustav Hempel - 1960 - Synthese 12 (4):439-69.
  43. Inconsistent belief aggregation in diverse and polarised groups.Felix Kopecky & Gregor Betz - 2025 - Philosophy of Science 92 (1):40-58.
    How do opinion diversity and belief polarisation affect epistemic group decision-making, particularly if decisions must be made without delay and on the basis of permissive evidence? In an agent-based model, we track the consistency of group opinions aggregated through sentence-wise majority voting. Simulations on the model reveal that high opinion diversity, but not polarisation, incurs a significant inconsistency risk. These results indicate that epistemic group decisions based on permissive evidence can be particularly difficult for diverse groups. The results also improve (...)
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  44.  64
    Inconsistent theories as scientific objectives.Dilip B. Madan - 1983 - Philosophy of Science 50 (3):453-470.
    Theories are conceptualized as predictors of phenomena using computable functions acting on prior world information. Formally, the concept of bounded prior world recursive function is defined and used as a candidate for a potential theory. An artificial world of fact is then constructed for which there exist two inconsistent best theories, in that they cannot be improved upon, and these theories are maximally inconsistent in that every best theory is a compromise. It is argued that in such a (...)
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  45.  36
    The ignorance behind inconsistency toleration.María del Rosario Martínez-Ordaz - 2020 - Synthese 198 (9):8665-8686.
    Inconsistency toleration is the phenomenon of working with inconsistent information without threatening one’s rationality. Here I address the role that ignorance plays for the tolerance of contradictions in the empirical sciences. In particular, I contend that there are two types of ignorance that, when present, can make epistemic agents to be rationally inclined to tolerate a contradiction. The first is factual ignorance, understood as temporary undecidability of the truth values of the conflicting propositions. The second is what I call (...)
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  46.  37
    The Inconsistent Reduction: An Internal Methodological Critique of Revisionist Just War Theory.Regina Sibylle Https://Orcidorg Surber - 2024 - Philosophia 52 (2):355-378.
    This article argues that the reduction of the morality of killing in war to the morality of killing in self-defense by ‘reductive-individualist’ revisionist just war theories is inconsistent, because when those theories apply the moral notion of self-defense to the morality of killing in war, they do not preserve the two conceptions of the “individual” inherent in this notion. The article demonstrates this inconsistency in two steps: First, it disentangles the two conceptions of the individual inherent to the notion (...)
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  47.  14
    Inconsistency in Linguistic Theorising.András Kertész & Csilla Rákosi - 2022 - [New York]: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Csilla Rákosi.
    It is widely believed that inconsistency is one of the greatest sins a scholar can commit. This issue is especially relevant in linguistics due to the rich diversity of data types, exceptions to the rules, counterexamples to the hypotheses, and background assumptions which constantly come into conflict with methodological principles. Bringing together ideas from linguistics and philosophy of science, this groundbreaking book seeks to answer the following questions: which kinds of inconsistency arise in linguistic theorising? Under which conditions can (...)
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  48.  82
    How to be realistic about inconsistency in science.Bryson Brown - 1990 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 21 (2):281-294.
  49.  71
    Inconsistency within a Reconciling Project.Antony Flew - 1978 - Hume Studies 4 (1):1-6.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:INCONSISTENCY WITHIN A RECONCILING PROJECT There is nothing I wou'd more willingly lay hold of, than an opportunity of confessing my errors; and shou'd esteem such a return to truth and reason to be more honourable than the most unerring judgment. Hume's words in the first sentence of its Appendix referred to Books I and II of A Treatise of Human Nature. I quote them here with a similarly (...)
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  50.  37
    Hempel Carl G.. Inductive inconsistencies. Aspects of scientific explanation and other essays in the philosophy of science, by Hempel Carl G., The Free Press, New York, and Collier-Macmillan Ltd., London, 1965, pp. 53–79. , pp. 439–469; also from Logic and language, Studies dedicated to Professor Rudolf Carnap on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland, 1962, pp. 128–158.). [REVIEW]Asa Kasher - 1973 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 38 (3):531-532.
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