This paper makes explicit the basic problem perfect hallucinations pose for perceptual naive realists, more fundamental than the well‐trodden Screening‐off Problem. The deeper problem offers the basis for an overarching classification of the available naive‐ realist‐friendly approaches to perfect hallucinations. In the course of laying out the challenges to the different types of response, the paper makes a case for the superiority of a particular approach to perfect hallucinations, on which they would be understood as a special kind of perceptual (...) anomaly—arising from a secondary mode of perceptual processing. (shrink)

This article proffers an invitation to neoclassical sociology. This is understood as a Habermasian reconstruction of the fundamental vision of the discipline as conceptualized by classical theorists, particularly Weber. Taking the cases of Eastern and Central Europe as a laboratory, we argue against the idea of a single, homogenizing globalizing logic. Currently and historically what we see instead is a remarkable diversity of capitalist forms and destinations. Neither sociological theories of networks and embeddedness nor economic models of rational action adequately (...) comprehend this diversity. A neoclassical approach enjoins an empirical research agenda comparing capitalisms, and an ironic, historical approach to analysis to inform an immanent critique of capitalist possibilities. (shrink)

This paper completes the proof of the group configuration theorem for simple theories started in [1]. We introduce the notion of an almost hyperdefinable structure, and show that it has a reasonable model theory. We then construct an almost hyperdefinable group from a polygroup chunk.

As Classical Propositional Logic finds its algebraic counterpart in Boolean algebras, the logic of Quantum Mechanics, as outlined within G. Birkhoff and J. von Neumann’s approach to Quantum Theory (Birkhoff and von Neumann in Ann Math 37:823–843, 1936) [see also (Husimi in I Proc Phys-Math Soc Japan 19:766–789, 1937)] finds its algebraic alter ego in orthomodular lattices. However, this logic does not incorporate time dimension although it is apparent that the propositions occurring in the logic of Quantum Mechanics are depending (...) on time. The aim of the present paper is to show that tense operators can be introduced in every logic based on a complete lattice, in particular in the logic of quantum mechanics based on a complete orthomodular lattice. If the time set is given together with a preference relation, we introduce tense operators in a purely algebraic way. We derive several important properties of such operators, in particular we show that they form dynamic pairs and, altogether, a dynamic algebra. We investigate connections of these operators with logical connectives conjunction and implication derived from Sasaki projections in an orthomodular lattice. Then we solve the converse problem, namely to find for given time set and given tense operators a time preference relation in order that the resulting time frame induces the given operators. We show that the given operators can be obtained as restrictions of operators induced by a suitable extended time frame. (shrink)

In this article, we examine the political and educational relevance of Hannah Arendt’s account of friendship. Drawing from Arendt’s central works on friendship, we offer a novel interpretation of the concept by connecting the notion with the idea of educational ‘love for the world’, amor mundi. With this interpretation, we seek to demonstrate that the concept of friendship has both direct educational and indirect political significance. Thereby, we distinguish our interpretation from two previous understandings of the educational relevance of the (...) Arendtian notion of friendship—those by (1) Aaron Schutz and Marie G. Sandy, and (2) Morten T. Korsgaard—in which friendship is either assigned a specifically political role (as in (1)) or its significance to education is narrowly understood (as in (2)). We argue our interpretation of friendship offers both a new contribution to the understanding of the relationship between education and politics in the context of Arendt scholarship, and a novel way of thinking about the educational significance of friendship in the context of contemporary democratic politics, especially the prevailing political polarization. (shrink)

El artículo contextualiza e investiga los detalles del «Mes de Reflexión Episcopal» organizado por el Departamento de Pastoral de Conjunto del Celam en julio de 1971, que reunió providencialmente varios obispos, algunos de los cuales no estuvieron en la II Conferencia General tres años antes, y que darían testimonio del espíritu de Medellín hasta el martirio o hasta una muerte trágica en cumplimiento de su misión: Oscar Arnulfo Romero, Juan Gerardi Conedera, Gerardo Valencia Cano y Raúl Zambrano Camader. El encuentro (...) se describe a partir de la revisión documental de las actas y de los pocos informes impresos. La tesis central del artículo es que el diálogo informal entre obispos, teólogos y otros expertos en el «Mes de Reflexión Episcopal» es fuente de propuestas novedosas para una Pastoral de Conjunto, contra la clericalización y el autoritarismo en la Iglesia latinoamericana. Desafortunadamente, no hay una reunión posterior similar debido a una controversia con la Congregación romana para los obispos. (shrink)

Considering a fixed language of propositional calculus and the class of formulas with n propositional indeterminates, the evaluation of these formulas with respect to a given truth-values assignment for these indeterminates and with respect to the usual worst-case analysis is proved to belong to the O-class.

Analysis of the Slovak Discourses of Sex Education Inspired by Michel Foucault The aims, rules and topics of sex education exist on paper, but have yet to be implemented in Slovakia. Although the curriculum creates the illusion of openness in this field, the silence on sex education in schools provides space for the alternative, "more valuable" quiet discourses of religious education. Under these conditions, it is silence that is proving to be an advantageous strategy for the majority of those who (...) should be voicing their opinions. Instead, they listen and control. By contrast, those who do speak out, children and young people, do not in fact, speak to them, but mainly among themselves. Those who are silent and listen are not prepared for the younger generations confessions on sexuality, which are mostly taken from the liberal area of media, especially the internet. The silent frequently lack, at the very least, the basic ability to react and debate in this changed situation. Those who are involved in the discussion on sexuality in Slovakia are those who should listen and supervise. (shrink)

Este ensayo tiene como objetivo denunciar la persistencia del viejo estereotipo sobre los vagabundos. La historia y la literatura están en el origen de esa construcción social que caricaturiza a los mendigos. Mediante una investigación cualitativa de las noticias de prensa, se comprueba que en la actualidad esas etiquetas antiguas perduran. De este modo, el drama social de los sin techo nunca llega a conocerse en profundidad, y lo único que el público recibe son imágenes deformadas de un mundo grotesco (...) y violento que produce compasión y pasividad al mismo tiempo. El cuestionamiento de los estereotipos y una aproximación más humana al problema, pueden ser un primer avance para adoptar otra actitud por parte de todos. (shrink)

Promatrani s kulturalnoga i religijskog motrišta, europski korijeni su mnogovrsni: helenističko- rimski, »barbarski«, židovski, kršćanski, pa na neki način i islamski. Dakako, kršćanski korijeni i tradicija bili su i ostaju temeljni za razvoj europskog identiteta kakvoga danas poznajemo. Ne odnosi se to samo na religijski i moralni identitet nego i na općekulturalni, socijalno-ekonomski i estetsko-umjetnički. Doduše, ova tvrdnja često dovodi do raznih reakcija i diskusija u raznim europskim okruženjima te »zavodi« i odvodi ljude, njihove zajednice i njihove potencijale više u (...) prošlost nego u sadašnjost i budućnost. Temeljni doprinos kojega kršćanske crkve mogu ponuditi u današnjem i sutrašnjem europskom kontekstu ne odnosi se toliko na priznavanje i »pomirenje« oko povijesnih nesuglasica koliko na suradnju u izgrađivanju europske budućnosti. Doprinos toj izgradnji mogao bi se temeljiti ne samo na priznavanju identiteta nego i na otvorenosti drugome i na dijalog s njime, koji pak dovode do suživota u multietničkom, multikulturalnom i multireligijskom okružju. Otvorenost, dijalog i suživot imaju ipak neke nužne pretpostavke: a) pomirenje čovjeka sa samim sobom; b) pomirenje čovjeka sa sebi sličnima; c) pomirenje čovjeka sa svim stvorenim.Von kulturellen und religiösen Gesichtspunkten aus betrachtet, sind die europäischen Wurzeln vielfältig: hellenistisch-römisch, „barbarisch“, jüdisch, christlich und in gewisser Weise auch islamisch. Sicher bleiben die christlichen Ursprünge und Tradition grundlegend für die Entwicklung der europäischen Identität, wie sie uns heute bekannt ist. Dies betrifft nicht nur die religiöse und moralische Identität, sondern auch jene kulturelle, sozial-ökonomische und ästhetisch- künstlerische. Jedoch leitet diese These des Öfteren zu mannigfaltigen Reaktionen und Diskussionen in verschiedenen europäischen Umfeldern, „verführt“ und wegführt Menschen, ihre Gemeinden und ihre Potentiale eher in die Vergangenheit als in die Gegenwart und die Zukunft. Den hauptsächlichen Beitrag, den die christlichen Kirchen im heutigen und morgigen europäischen Kontext leisten können, betrifft nicht so sehr das Eingeständnis und die „Versöhnung“ bezüglich der geschichtlichen Uneinstimmigkeiten, sondern vielmehr die Zusammenarbeit in der Gestaltung einer europäischen Zukunft. Der Beitrag zu dieser Zusammenarbeit könnte nicht nur in der Kenntnis der Identität gründen, sondern auch in einer Offenheit zum Anderen und im Dialog mit ihm, die dann zu einem Zusammenleben im multiethnischen, -kulturellen, und -religiösen Umfeld führen. Offenheit, Dialog und Zusammenleben benötigen aber auch einige Voraussetzungen: Versöhnung des Menschen a) mit sich selber; b) mit seinesgleichen; c) mit der ganzen Schöpfung. (shrink)

U ovome tekstu ispituju se odnosi izmedju pojmova drustvenog ugovora, suverenosti i opste volje kod Rusoa. S jedne strane ti pojmovi proizlaze jedan iz drugog i uzajamno se podrzavaju. S druge strane samo pojam suverenosti uspeva da izbegne metafizickim implikacijama koje bi ga ostavile u stanju teorijsko-politicke fikcije. Opsta volja, medjutim, uprkos Rusoovim naporima da je artikulise kroz zakone, ostaje teorijsko-politicka fikcija zbog pretpostavke po kojoj jedinstvo politickog tela ne sme biti naruseno, iznutra, frakcijama ili partijama. Da je dopustio takvu (...) mogucnost, Ruso je morao da odustane od organskog razumevanja zajednice, odnosno morao bi delu da d? prednost nad celinom, za sta nije imao dovoljno pojmovnih sredstava. (shrink)

El presente artículo trata de inscribir el fenómeno de la técnica en el marco de una antropología filosófica que nos permita aproximarnos a una comprensión del momento histórico del siglo XX. Para ello se analiza en primer lugar la noción de técnica propugnada por Friedrich Dessauer, esclareciéndola como un fenómeno totalizador que guarda con el hombre una relación fundamental. Posteriormente se trata la noción de técnica propuesta por Günther Anders, para quien la condición del hombre contemporáneo, inseparable del acontecer técnico, (...) se ha visto sujeta a trasformaciones esenciales. (shrink)

Aunque fueron contemporáneos, Borges y Wittgenstein nunca se conocieron, ni se citaron, ni se leyeron. Pero hay poderosas afinidades y conexiones entre ambos. Por ejemplo, al fin del Tractatus Wittgenstein entiende que hay que callar precisamente ahí porque se ha llegado a un punto en el que conceptual se subordina a lo poético. La idea de que la naturaleza estética del mundo no puede representarse por medio del lenguaje también es característica de Borges. El mar, los atardeceres, la llama de (...) una hoguera, por ejemplo, son la inminencia de una revelación que nunca se produce, son el hecho estético. La obra de Wittgenstein es estrictamente filosófica y al mismo tiempo literaria. Esa proposición parece verdadera también para el caso de la obra de Borges. (shrink)