In contrast to industrial markets based on mass-production of material goods, postindustrial markets hinge on images, experiences, and emotions produced and exchanged on screens and in real life. Because postindustrial markets tend to be highly concentrated and technology-driven, they pose a threat to small businesses and low-skill workers in both advanced industrial economies and the Global South, where a large share of the population makes a living in the informal economy. Using the 2014 World Cup as a case of postindustrial (...) economic activity hinged on spectacle, emotional experience, and intellectual property, I analyze the income-making strategies used by street vendors in São Paulo, Brazil. I show that organizers’ control of fan markets was limited by local conceptions of ownership over national symbols as well as informal workers’ flexible relation to legal norms and enforcement-dodging practices. Circumventing market barriers required risky and sophisticated strategies, however, which were more readily available to the more marginal section of the street vending population. (shrink)

El presente artículo pretende mostrar que ha significado ser un intelectual, poniendo el acento en su función originaria en contraste con lo que se considera la traición de los mismos. El artículo comienza recordando el Affaire Dreyfus y, con Benda y Chomsky, se buscará matizar la tarea del intelectual así como su responsabilidad. Las discusiones aquí ofrecidas nos llevarán a observar las dinámicas ideológicas del siglo XX y se prestará atención al estilo de vida del intelectual, atendiendo a las críticas (...) que recogió Barthes sobre Poujade así como los dardos envenenados que lanzó Schopenhauer a los filósofos de su tiempo. Dardos que, atendiendo a la posverdad, se revelan con bastante actualidad. (shrink)

In a series of papers, 137–158; 1994, Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 23, 61–74, 1999) Fine develops his hylomorphic theory of embodiments. In this article, we supply a formal semantics for this theory that is adequate to the principles laid down for it in. In Section 1, we lay out the theory of embodiments as Fine presents it. In Section 2, we argue on Cantorian grounds that the theory needs to be stabilized, and sketch some ways forward, discussing various choice points (...) in modeling the view. In Section 3, we develop a formal semantics for the theory of embodiments by constructing embodiments in stages and restricting the domain of the second-order quantifiers. In Section 4 we give a few illustrative examples to show how the models deliver Finean hylomorphic consequences. In Section 5, we prove that Fine’s principles are sound with respect to this semantics. In Section 6 we present some inexpressibility results concerning Fine’s various notions of parthood and show that in our formal semantics these notions are all expressible using a single mereological primitive. In Section 7, we prove several mereological results stemming from the model theory, showing that the mereology is surprisingly robust. In Section 8, we draw some philosophical lessons from the formal semantics, and in particular respond to Koslicki’s main objection to Fine’s theory. In the appendix we present proofs of the inexpressibility results of Section 6. (shrink)

Serious actualism is the prima facie plausible thesis that things couldn’t have been related while being nothing. The thesis plays an important role in a number of arguments in metaphysics, e.g., in Plantinga’s argument for the claim that propositions do not ontologically depend on the things that they are about and in Williamson’s argument for the claim that he, Williamson, is necessarily something. Salmon has put forward that which is, arguably, the most pressing challenge to serious actualists. Salmon’s objection is (...) based on a scenario intended to elicit the judgment that merely possible entities may nonetheless be actually referred to, and so may actually have properties. It is shown that predicativism, the thesis that names are true of their bearers, provides the resources for replying to Salmon’s objection. In addition, an argument for serious actualism based on Stephanou, 219–250 2007) is offered. Finally, it is shown that once serious actualism is conjoined with some minimal assumptions, it implies property necessitism, the thesis that necessarily all properties are necessarily something, as well as a strong comprehension principle for higher-order modal logic according to which for every condition there necessarily is the property of being a thing satisfying that condition. (shrink)

Regard oblique Les essais réunis dans ce volume ambitionnent de rapporter aux théories philosophiques (principalement la phénoménologie) et aux avancées des sciences cognitives des oeuvres d'artistes tels que Marcel Duchamp, Giulio Paolini, Pep Agut, Thierry Kuntzel, Michael Snow, Peter Campus, Claire Savoie, James Coleman, Angela Detanico et Rafael Lain, James Turrell, Antony McCall, Joâo Fiadeiro et Juliao Sarmento, dont le principal projet aura été d'explorer les problématiques de la perception qui n'est pas seulement une relation sensorielle ou sensitive à ce (...) qui nous entoure, mais avant tout une forme et une manière d'être au monde, une manière d'être pour autrui et avec autrui. L'analyse de ces oeuvres indique bien que le dualisme n'est pas viable le sensible et l'intelligible ne peuvent ici être scindés et que les formes très singulières des oeuvres d'art ont pour propriété de présenter la perception en tant que telle, avec pour visée de nous reconduire continuellement au monde et, partant, à des questions pratico-morales et socio-politiques. (shrink)

La reflexión de esle artículo no se dirige a dirimir qué máximas serían o nouniversalizables, sino aestudiar qué significa la universalidad de la ley moral. En primerlugar, expresa la exigencia racional de salir del mundo particular de cada uno y vivir en la realidad real. Quiere decir también que la autonomía del sujeto ha de detenninar en última instancia todos sus actos. Y, finalmente, la universalidad hace relación a la intersubjetividad o reino de fmes, que constituye el mundo moral. De (...) este modo, la universalidad de la ley moral se presenta como la forma básica de la relación de la libertadconsigo misma, el ámbito donde ha de realizarse el acto individual libre.In diesem Artikel wird nicht erórtert, wclche konkreten Maximen alígemein moralisch gelten kónnten, sondern cine noch fundamentalere Frage: wasdic Allgemeinhcit bei dem sittlichcn Gesetzbedeutet. Zucrst drúckt sic dic Anforderung der Vernunft aus, dalssjeder aus seiner nur ftir ihn bestehenden Wclt heraustreten und in der realen Wirklichkcit leben solí. Sic will auch sagen, daB dic Autonomie des Subjekts alíe seine Handlungen im Grunde genommen zu bcstimmen hat. Zuletzt bezieht sich dic Allgemeinhcit auf dic Intersubjektivitát oderdas Reich der Zwccke, das dic moralische Welt ausmacht. So zcigt sic sich als dic fundamentale Form der Beziehung der FreihelÉ mit sich seibst, wo dic individucíle frcic Handlung zur Entfaltung gebracht werden kann. (shrink)

General-elimination harmony articulates Gentzen’s idea that the elimination-rules are justified if they infer from an assertion no more than can already be inferred from the grounds for making it. Dummett described the rules as not only harmonious but stable if the E-rules allow one to infer no more and no less than the I-rules justify. Pfenning and Davies call the rules locally complete if the E-rules are strong enough to allow one to infer the original judgement. A method is given (...) of generating harmonious general-elimination rules from a collection of I-rules. We show that the general-elimination rules satisfy Pfenning and Davies’ test for local completeness, but question whether that is enough to show that they are stable. Alternative conditions for stability are considered, including equivalence between the introduction- and elimination-meanings of a connective, and recovery of the grounds for assertion, finally generalizing the notion of local completeness to capture Dummett’s notion of stability satisfactorily. We show that the general-elimination rules meet the last of these conditions, and so are indeed not only harmonious but also stable. (shrink)

The present research paper aims at clarifying the relationship between systematic thinking and historiographical practices in the works of the Neo-Kantian philosopher Wilhelm Windelband. According to the judgment of his successors, Windelband’s work is characterized by a systematical deficit grounded on an excess of historiographical labors. The aim of this study is to show that, in Windelband’s case the history of philosophy becomes a true impulse for systematical thinking. Besides, an attempt is made to show how Windelband's works make a (...) contribution to the elaboration of a concept of historical philosophy, that is, to carry out the historicization of philosophical thought. (shrink)

Resumen: 1.- El axis mundi y la tópica paleolítica. 2.- Las diosas paleolíticas y el canon ovoide. 3.- El juego de la rayuela y la geometría sagrada. 4.- Las esferas celestes de Pitágoras a Ptolomeo. El modelo “matriuska”. Palabras clave: Cosmogonía paleolítica, geometría sagrada, “matriuska”, templo.

En el nº 1 de RAPHIR, Revista de Antropología y Filosofía de las Religiones (Año I. Nº 1, julio-diciembre (2014) pp.: 7-8) se hicieron unas consideraciones que mantienen toda su validez para la presentación de RAPHISA, Revista de Antropología y Filosofía de lo Sagrado.

Temas aristotélicos en La determinación autoperceptiva de la Nada, de Nishida Kitarô Resumen: El texto que ahora presento es un examen del diálogo continuado de Nishida con Aristóteles según lo podemos ver en el volumen VI de las Obras completas de Nishida Kitarô. El resultado nos permite ver la especial atención que en 1932 Nishida presta a cinco temas básicos que se desarrollan en 16 puntos de la siguiente manera: la expresión, la autopercepción, la base del conocimiento, los universales y (...) dos importantes aspectos de la intuición. En este sentido, los contenidos del diálogo nishidiano con Aristóteles en el volumen VI de las Obras completas de Nishida Kitarô, nos remiten al tema del conocimiento. Palabras clave: Aristóteles. Nishida. Diálogo. Autopercepción. Conocimiento. Universal. Some aspects of Nishida’s dialogue with Aristotle: My present text is a study of the continuous dialogue of Nishida with Aristotle as can be seen in volume VI of his Complete Works. As a result, we can see the special attention that in 1932 Nishida gave to five basic themes. I have presented their content under sixteen headings as follows, expression, self-perception, the basis of knowledge, universals, and two important aspects of intuition.As a result, we can see that the contents of Nishida’s dialogue with Aristotle in volume VI of his Complete Works, primarily touches on the theme of knowledge. Keywords: Aristotle. Nishida. Dialogue. Self perception. Knowledge. Universal. Temas aristotélicos em A determinação autoperceptiva do nada, de Nishida Kitarô Resumo: O texto que apresento agora é um exame do diálogo contínuo de Nishida com Aristóteles, como podemos ver no Volume VI das Obras Completas de Nishida Kitarô. O resultado nos permite ver a atenção especial que em 1932 Nishida presta a cinco temas básicos que são desenvolvidos em 16 pontos da seguinte forma: expressão, autopercepção, base de conhecimento. -11), os universais e dois aspectos importantes da intuição. Nesse sentido, o conteúdo do diálogo nishidiano com Aristóteles, no volume VI das obras completas de Nishida Kitarô, remete-nos à questão do conhecimento. Palavras-chave: Aristótles. Nishida. Diálogo. Autopercepção. Conhecimento.Universal. Data de registro: 29/07/2020 Data de aceito: 21/10/2020. (shrink)

Cet article s’interroge sur la manifestation artistique d’un motif concret y suscitant une inquiétude radicale: les faces sans visage. En étudiant les conditions plastiques et ontologiques constituantes de certaines oeuvres, en particulier de Malévitch et Brancusi, où l’on s’interroge sur les limiter de l’idée occidentale de subjectivité, on prendra en compte les influences d’auteurs comme Pic de la Mirandolle, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty ou, entre autres, Paul Ricoeur.

L'" inconscient de l'œuvre ", le " signe pictural ", la " chair de l'œuvre" : autant de formules qui font désormais partie du vocabulaire esthétique.C'est que la psychanalyse, la sémiotique et la phénoménologie, nées presque simultanément, auront profondément marqué le XXe siècle et radicalement transformé les approches de l'esthétique, de la critique et de l'histoire de l'art, au point qu'il est aujourd'hui difficile de mener un propos théorique dans le domaine des arts sans s'y référer. Nul doute que ces (...) disciplines apportent des éclairages fondamentaux, même si elles ont davantage traversé l'esthétique que renouvelé ses questionnements. Revisiter ces théories en partant de l'esthétique, confronter leurs principaux enjeux respectifs, comprendre leur incidence théorique et en faire la critique du point de vue de l'esthétique, tel est le programme de cet ouvrage. (shrink)

Immanuel Kant : La polímica sobre la Crítica de la razón pura. Introducción de Claudio La Rocca. Edición y traducción de Mario Caimi. Boadilla del Monte , Mónimo Tránsito y Antonio Machado Libros, 2002, 203 S. ISBN 84-7774-758-X. Kant verstehen. Understanding Kant. Über die Interpretation philosophischer Texte. Hrsg. von Dieter Schönecker und Thomas Zwenger. Darmstadt 2001, 344 S., ISBN 3-534-15207-7 2. unveränd. Auflage 2004. Maria Antonietta Pranteda: Il legno storto. I significati del male in Kant. Torino: Leo S. Olschki, 2002. (...) 377 S. ISBN 88-222-5084-2. Beatrice Centi : Coscienza, etica e architettonica in Kant. Uno studio attraverso le Critiche. Biblioteca di Studi Kantiani, Bd. 16. Pisa u. Rom: Istituti editoriali e poligrafici internazionali 2002, 286 S. ISBN 88-8147-307-0. (shrink)

Ces rencontres témoignent de l'histoire des réflexions sur le cinéma dans l'optique de la philosophie depuis la démarche de G. Deleuze. Ce recueil présente une réflexion historique et théorique du rapprochement du cinéma avec la philosophie ou l'esthétique, et procède à des analyses philosophiques ou esthétiques sur tel ou tel aspect du cinéma.

1. The axis mundi and the Paleolithic topical. 2.- The Paleolithic goddesses and ovoid canon 3.- The hopscotch and sacred geometry. 4.- The heavenly spheres from Pythagoras to Ptolemy. The “matrioshka” model.Key words: Paleolithic cosmogony, sacred geometry, “matrioshka”, temple.

Resumen:En el paso del paleolítico al neolítico tiene lugar la gran producción de los símbolos sagrados vinculados a los calendarios solares y lunisolares. Este tránsito lleva consigo un tránsito de la hegemonía de la sensación a la hegemonía de la imaginación en el conocimiento humano. Los símbolos religiosos se refieren cada vez menos a los poderes cósmicos visibles en el cielo y cada vez más a poderes sagrados representados imaginativa y conceptualmente. Así empieza a desarrollarse un culto interior, que da (...) lugar a diversos tipos de símbolos religiosos.Palabras clave: neolítico, símbolo religioso, historicidad del símbolo religioso, estructura del símbolo religioso.Abstract: In the transition from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic the great production of sacred symbols linked to solar and lunisolar calendars takes place. This transition involves a transition from the hegemony of sense to hegemony of imagination in human knowledge. Religious symbols refers less and less visible cosmic powers in the sky and increasingly sacred powers represented imaginatively and conceptually. So it begins to develop an interior worship, which leads to various kinds of religious symbols.Key words: Neolithic, religious symbol, historicity of religious symbol, religious symbol structure. (shrink)

The Masks of the self. The rising of human self-consciousness is developed in six steps: 1) Looking at the face; 2) Visible and audible masks; 3) Tattoos and acting; 4) The mask of the "Proto-agonist"; 5) The mirror of Narcissus; 6) Feelings speculations. Eros and Psyche.

En suivant la notion fondamentale d’« instauration » dans ses diverses ramifications (artistique, ontologique, esthétique), cela jusqu’aux derniers textes de Souriau, on comprend que celle-ci est encore très pertinente pour les recherches actuelles, et qu’elle peut trouver à se prolonger, notamment dans une poétique et une théorie de l’action.

In recent years, the Neo-Kantian movement has received wide acknowledgment as the hidden origin of several contemporary philosophical discussions. This paper focuses on one specific Neo-Kantian topic; namely, the idea of history put forward by Wilhelm Windelband (1848–1915). Even though this topic could be seen as one of the better-known Neo-Kantianism themes, there are certain unnoticed elements in Windelband’s treatment of history that merit further discussion. While the texts in which Windelband deals with the logical problems of the historical sciences (...) have been studied at length, other texts, those in which history is studied in connection with the problem of the philosophical method, have not. This paper argues that, for Windelband, history is not merely an object of epistemological reflection but rather a key component of transcendental philosophy. (shrink)

The most common first- and second-order modal logics either have as theorems every instance of the Barcan and Converse Barcan formulae and of their second-order analogues, or else fail to capture the actual truth of every theorem of classical first- and second-order logic. In this paper we characterise and motivate sound and complete first- and second-order modal logics that successfully capture the actual truth of every theorem of classical first- and second-order logic and yet do not possess controversial instances of (...) the Barcan and Converse Barcan formulae as theorems, nor of their second-order analogues. What makes possible these results is an understanding of the individual constants and predicates of the target languages as strongly Millian expressions, where a strongly Millian expression is one that has an actually existing entity as its semantic value. For this reason these logics are called ‘strongly Millian’. It is shown that the strength of the strongly Millian second-order modal logics here characterised afford the means to resist an argument by Timothy Williamson for the truth of the claim that necessarily, every property necessarily exists. (shrink)

Este artículo estudia la interpretación del comienzo de la filosofía en términos de una correlación entre sujeto y objeto, desarrollada por el filósofo neokantiano Heinrich Rickert. En primer lugar, se reconstruyen el contexto problemático que conduce a Rickert al problema del comienzo de la filosofía y su distinción entre tres acepciones diferentes del concepto de ‘comienzo’. En segundo lugar, se ofrece una interpretación del comienzo correlacional de la filosofía como una respuesta a la paradoja formulada por Hegel en las primeras (...) páginas de la _Ciencia de la Lógica_. Finalmente, se evalúa la propuesta de un comienzo correlacional en función del proyecto general de una filosofía transcendental. (shrink)

Necessitism, Contingentism, and Theory Equivalence is a dissertation on issues in higher-order modal metaphysics. Consider a modal higher-order language with identity in which the universal quantifier is interpreted as expressing universal quantification and the necessity operator is interpreted as expressing metaphysical necessity. The main question addressed in the dissertation concerns the correct theory formulated in this language. A different question that also takes centre stage in the dissertation is what it takes for theories to be equivalent.The whole dissertation consists of (...) an extended argument in defence of the truth of two seemingly inconsistent higher-order modal theories, specifically: 1.Plantingan Moderate Contingentism, a theory based on Plantinga’s [1] modal metaphysics that is committed to, among other things, the contingent being of some individuals and the necessary being of all possible higher-order entities;2.Williamsonian Thorough Necessitism, a theory advocated by Williamson [3] which is committed to, among other things, the necessary being of every possible individual as well as of every possible higher-order entity.Part of the case for these theories’ joint truth relies on defences of the following metaphysical theses: Thorough Serious Actualism, the thesis that no things could have been related while being nothing, and Higher-Order Necessitism, the thesis that necessarily, every higher-order entity is necessarily something. It is shown that Thorough Serious Actualism and Higher-Order Necessitism are both implicit commitments of very weak logical theories. The defence of Higher-Order Necessitism constitutes a powerful challenge to Stalnaker’s [2] Thorough Contingentism, a theory committed to, among other things, the view that there could have been some individuals as well as some entities of any higher-order that could have been nothing.In the dissertation it is argued that Plantingan Moderate Contingentism and Williamsonian Thorough Necessitism are in fact equivalent, even if they appear to be jointly inconsistent. The case for this claim relies on the Synonymy account, a novel account of theory equivalence developed and defended in the dissertation. According to this account, theories are equivalent just in case they have the same commitments and conception of logical space.By way of defending the Synonymy account’s adequacy, the account is applied to the debate between noneists, proponents of the view that some things do not exist, and Quineans, proponents of the view that to exist just is to be some thing. The Synonymy account is shown to afford a more nuanced and better understanding of that debate by revealing that what noneists and Quineans are really disagreeing about is what expressive resources are available to appropriately describe the world.By coupling a metatheoretical result with tools from the philosophy of language, it is argued that Plantingan Moderate Contingentism and Williamsonian Thorough Necessitism are synonymous theories, and so, by the lights of the Synonymy account, equivalent. Given the defence of their extant commitments made in the dissertation, it is concluded that Plantingan Moderate Contingentism and Williamsonian Thorough Necessitism are both correct. A corollary of this result is that the dispute between Plantingans and Williamsonians is, in an important sense, merely verbal. For if two theories are equivalent, then they “require the same of the world for their truth.”Thus, the results of the dissertation reveal that if one speaks as a Plantingan while advocating Plantingan Moderate Contingentism, or as a Williamsonian while advocating Williamsonian Thorough Necessitism, then one will not go wrong. Notwithstanding, one will still go wrong if one speaks as a Plantingan while advocating Williamsonian Thorough Necessitism, or as a Williamsonian while advocating Plantingan Moderate Contingentism.On the basis of a conception of the individual constants and predicates of second-order modal languages as strongly Millian, i.e., as having actually existing entities as their semantic values, in the appendix are presented second-order modal logics consistent with Stalnaker’s Thorough Contingentism. Furthermore, it is shown there that these logics are strong enough for applications of higher-order modal logic in mathematics, a result that constitutes a reply to an argument to the contrary by Williamson [3]. Finally, these logics are proven to be complete relative to particular “thoroughly contingentist” classes of models. (shrink)

Review of Jean Lassègue, Cassirer’s transformation: From a transcendental to a semiotic philosophy of forms. Cham: Springer Nature, 2020.

In diesem Beitrag wird die philosophische Konzeption des Anfangs der Philosophie als Beziehung zum Verhältnis von Subjekt und Objekt untersucht, die der Neukantianer Heinrich Rickert entwickelt hat. Die Untersuchung rekonstruiert erstens den problematischen Hintergrund, der Rickert zum Problem des Anfangs und zu seiner Unterscheidung zwischen drei Bedeutungen des Begriffs ‘Anfang’ führte. Dieser Hintergrund steht im Zusammenhang mit der Wiederbelebung der dialektischen Philosophie zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts. Zweitens wird eine Konzeption des korrelativen Anfangs der Philosophie als Antwort auf das von (...) Hegel zu Beginn der Wissenschaft der Logik formulierte Paradoxon vorgeschlagen. Auf diese Weise wird Rickerts Argumentation als Antwort auf die drei wichtigsten Kritikpunkte Hegels am Anfang der Philosophie durch den Begriff des Ich analysiert. Um die Argumente zu verdeutlichen, die Rickert in seinem Aufsatz über den Begriff des Anfangs der Philosophie entwickelt, werden wir die wesentlichen Hinweise auf Rickerts Konzeption des heterologischen Denkens geben. Schließlich wird der Ansatz eines korrelativen Anfangs im Hinblick auf das allgemeine Projekt einer Transzendentalphilosophie bewertet. Wir werden aufzeigen, wie das, was Rickert die Wendung zum Objekt nennt, Rickert zu einer paradoxen Position verpflichtet, die er selbst als ‘transzendentalen Empirismus’ charakterisiert. Jenseits dieser Schwierigkeit will die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigen, dass Rickerts Position eine der originellsten Positionen der Transzendentalphilosophie darstellt, die sich mit der Hegelschen Frage nach dem wahren Anfang der philosophischen Wissenschaft auseinandersetzt. (shrink)

Volume 29, Issue 6, December 2021, Page 1192-1197.

This paper proposes and partially defends a novel philosophy of arithmetic—finitary upper logicism. According to it, the natural numbers are finite cardinalities—conceived of as properties of properties—and arithmetic is nothing but higher-order modal logic. Finitary upper logicism is furthermore essentially committed to the logicality of finitary plenitude, the principle according to which every finite cardinality could have been instantiated. Among other things, it is proved in the paper that second-order Peano arithmetic is interpretable, on the basis of the finite cardinalities’ (...) conception of the natural numbers, in a weak modal type theory consisting of the modal logic $\mathsf {K}$, negative free quantified logic, a contingentist-friendly comprehension principle, and finitary plenitude. By replacing finitary plenitude for the axiom of infinity this result constitutes a significant improvement on Russell and Whitehead’s interpretation of second-order Peano arithmetic, itself based on the finite cardinalities’ conception of the natural numbers. (shrink)

The present paper investigates the essential tenets of the Southwestern Neo-Kantians? take on the philosophy of religion. Specifically, I concentrate on two diverse aspects of Windelband and Rickert?s approaches to religion. In the first place, I look at the way in which they determine religious values. In the second place, I focus on the manner in which they confront religion with the systematic structure of culture. As a result of the analysis of the texts of both authors, we see that (...) it is possible to detect at least three possible roads to elaborate a philosophy of religion. In spite of this plurality of paths, I argue that they exhibit a similar underlying problem, namely, the problematic relationship between transcendental philosophy and metaphysics. It is for this reason that the philosophy of religion takes the form of a reflection on the limits of knowledge, and with it, on the limits of transcendental philosophy. (shrink)

This paper examines the transformation of Windelband’s Neo-Kantian program into a variety of Neo-Hegelianism. The paper shows that, for Windelband, the rehabilitation of philosophy in terms of a theory of knowledge is insufficient in the face of the pervasive crisis-consciousness of 19th-century philosophy. By Windelband’s account, the overcoming of this crisis requires the appropriation of distinctive Hegelian themes and a new understanding of the role of history in philosophical reflection. Based on this exposition, the final section of the paper advances (...) an interpretation on the meaning and conditions for the renewal of philosophy. (shrink)

El alma bella representa en la obra de Hegel un momento en el que la acción y la moralidad pueden entrar en un conflicto con la realidad y con el otro, provocando en el sujeto moral la inactividad y la evasión de su _selbst_ en su pura abstracción, enajenándose de toda actividad y toda crítica. Se pretende mostrar, pues, el desarrollo de esta figura hegeliana para poder asumir que toda actividad dirigida al mundo deja de pertenecer al sujeto que la (...) ejecuta y se vuelve algo para el mundo e interpretado por éste. (shrink)

Los ritos de paso prehistóricos son la matriz de los ordenamientos jurídicos modernos, que determinan la identidad y la ciudadanía de los individuos. La cancelación de la confesionalidad del Estado y la regulación de algunos factores del derecho de familia y de educación son la clave de los derechos humanos referentes a la libertad religiosa.