Résumé Dans la théorie plotinienne de la procession, ce qui semble une situation de déchéance s’avère en réalité une occasion favorable. On tente ici d’élucider le statut de l’âme incarnée, dont les richesses et les puissances intérieures inépuisables expliquent l’animation, la beauté et la complexité du monde matériel, lequel aspire en même temps à la simplicité et à l’unité.In Plotinus’s theory of process, what appears as a fall is in fact a positive event. We try here to elucidate the status (...) of the Soul incarnate, whose riches and internal, inexhaustible, powers explain the animation, beauty and complexity of the material world, which aspires all the while to simplicity and unity. (shrink)

Social reintegration of self-demobilised child combatants can be seriously imperilled by the lack of accountability for human rights violations allegedly carried out during their soldiering life and the failure to pursue reconciliation with their respective communities. This paper examines the circumstances leading young soldiers to voluntarily exit armed groups and militias and the extent to which resettling in the community can be facilitated by restorative justice mechanisms. The findings suggest a large support by war-affected communities for restorative justice peacemaking circles (...) as potential accountability and reconciliation measures to help reintegrate self-demobilised soldiers into society. These results were obtained from interviews, focus group discussions and descriptive statistics in which 1447 respondents participated. These included young ex-soldiers, students, educators, government official, members on NGOs, traditional leaders and councils, Security Services, and the Police. The inquiry was conducted between 3 May and 17 December 2014 in North Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. (shrink)

Is there an opposition between spectacles and the Church? Such is the question that normally comes to one's mind in reading the diatribes of the Fathers of the Church against spectacles. The subject is thicklish and should be handled with precision and tact, without preconceived prejudice. In examining the passages on the subject in ST. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM, the author has precisely made the attempt to solve the problem. Methodical in his proceedings, he first examines the part, spectacles played in the (...) life of the peoples of A n t i o c h and C o n s t a n t i n o p l e. So engrossed with the love of spectacles had they become, that the only two things, requested from their masters by this frivolous population, were: bread and games! The whole of Antioch, the whole of Constantinople was to be found in the Circus or in the Theatre. On holidays, christians rushed to the hippodrome, with the same ardor as the pagans. Like so many of the Fathers, C h r y s o s t o m, condemned this frequentation, which he considered an apostasy and a return to the idols, one of the greatest enemies of purity and one of the most serious obstacles to his pastoral mission. Seldom does he attack comedies and tragedies, directing his most strenuous efforts against Pantomimes. In latter years, taking up again the same textes, B o s- s u e t fell into regrettable exaggerations. Austere moralist and rigorist, he condemned the theatre without discrimination. In locating the debates, by first giving an historical account of the struggles which divided the Church and the theatre, the author ascertains that nowadays a more charitable and just conception of the spectacle and the artist, dedicating his life thereto, has been reached. The pleasure of the spectacle is innocent in itself and the Catholic Church finds no fault with it: the sole requirement, the Church imposes, being that this pleasure, in its application, be subjected to the principles of christian morals. (shrink)

Dans cet article, nous voulons montrer qu'il y a une tradition ancienne des homélies De statuis de Jean Chrysostome avec 24 homélies au lieu des 21 ou 22 communément acceptées. C'est par une lecture attentive des catalogues et par une vérification dans les manuscrits que nous sommes arrivé à cette conclusion.

La place centrale que la récompense occupe dans le discours pastoral de Jean Chrysostome s’explique aussi bien par sa volonté de prendre en compte les motivations humaines des fidèles que par sa recherche constante de l’« utile » et par sa fidélité à l’Écriture elle-même. Pour rendre compte de la nature du lien entre la récompense et ce qui la motive, Chrysostome n’hésite pas à recourir à des analogies empruntées au langage commercial ou juridique, mais c’est pour (...) faire d’autant mieux ressortir, par contraste, la supériorité radicale de la récompense divine. Ce sont la patience dans la souffrance, et plus encore l’amour pour nos ennemis qui nous valent les récompenses les plus hautes. Dès ici-bas, de premières récompenses nous sont accordées, mais c’est dans l’au-delà que sont obtenus les gains à la fois les plus véritables et les plus indicibles. (shrink)

Reprenant quarante ans après une première étude sur l'athlète-héros thasien Théogénès, J. Pouilloux tente de clarifier la légende de ce héros guérisseur à la lumière des documents nouvellement apparus et des études récentes. Si le personnage de Théogénès n'a peut-être pas eu le rôle de réformateur religieux que l'on avait cru, il a été honoré comme héros guérisseur sous le nom de Théagénès à partir du IIe s. av. J.-C. et sa légende enfin établie telle que la littérature impériale nous (...) l'a transmise à travers l'œuvre de Plutarque, Pausanias et Dion Chrysostome. Il semble toujours nécessaire de rapprocher les deux monuments (autel circulaire et tronc à offrandes) exhumés sur l'agora de Thasos ; la statue du héros était peut-être établie sur le tronc à offrandes au centre de l'agora. (shrink)

On affirme couramment que les trente-quatre homélies sur les Hébreux correspondent aux dernières années de Jean Chrysostome à Constantinople. Les AA. reprennent dans un premier temps les arguments des spécialistes depuis Henry Savile. En second lieu, ils s'arrêtent sur la thèse d'Opelt qui préfère Antioche plutôt que Constantinople comme lieu de provenance. Ces trente-quatre homélies constituent une partie importante de l'oeuvre de prédication de Jean Chrysostome et ne semblent pas appartenir à la série des dernières prédications (...) assurées par ce dernier. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:"Awe-Inspiring, in Truth, Are the Mysteries of the Church":Eucharistic Mystagogy and Moral Exhortation in the Preaching of St. John ChrysostomDaria SpezzanoWe entrust to You, loving Master, our whole life and hope, and we ask, pray, and entreat: make us worthy to partake of your heavenly and awesome Mysteries from this holy and spiritual Table with a clear conscience; for the remission of sins, forgiveness of transgressions, communion of the (...) Holy Spirit, inheritance of the kingdom of heaven, confidence before You, and not in judgment or condemnation.—Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom"Awe-inspiring, in truth, are the mysteries of the Church; awesome, in truth, her altar."1 St. John Chrysostom was a founding figure in the development of the Byzantine mystagogical tradition, not only because he is associated with the Divine Liturgy,2 but also because of his preaching on [End Page 413] the Eucharistic mysteries, woven throughout the scriptural exegesis of his liturgical homilies.3 The themes he sounded, in particular the continual exhortation to his hearers to be mindful and properly disposed for the terrible and awe-inspiring mysteries, would become part of the fabric of Byzantine liturgical spirituality. But Chrysostom's influence extends to the West as well, for instance to Thomas Aquinas, who, it is said, would rather have Chrysostom's homilies on Matthew than be lord of Paris,4 and who shares with Chrysostom the title of "Doctor of the Eucharist."5 While the promotion of reverence in liturgical celebration and the demands of social justice are sometimes perceived today as being in tension with each other, for Chrysostom they are inseparable. In accord with the Second Vatican Council's teaching in Sacrosanctum Concilium that the Eucharist is "the source and summit of Christian life," the Catechism of the Catholic Church chooses a quote from Chrysostom to instruct that "the Eucharist commits us to the poor."6 It does so with good reason. Chrysostom urgently and vividly preaches to his wealthy congregation that not only must they approach the altar with awe and holy fear, but they must care for the poor in order to receive the Eucharist worthily. Here his characteristic moral exhortations to almsgiving find their deepest source: without care for the poor, one eats and drinks the Eucharist, like Judas at the Last Supper, to one's own condemnation.Chrysostom's Eucharistic MystagogyChrysostom's preaching on the Eucharist is profoundly rooted in Scripture and shaped by his theological and pastoral concerns. Mystagogy, as Jean [End Page 414] Daniélou has pointed out, is an exegesis of the rites: "It consists of reading in the rites the mystery of Christ and contemplating under symbols the invisible reality."7 The mystagogy of the Greek Fathers is shaped by local traditions, as is their scriptural exegesis. While the distinction risks being overdrawn, Alexandrian mystagogy is characterized by anagogy, while Antiochene mystagogy—including Chrysostom's—by a focus on the relation of the liturgy to the historical events of Christ's earthly life.8 Unlike his contemporary Theodore of Mopsuestia, however, Chrysostom is not concerned to assign to each liturgical action a specific mimetic meaning. Chrysostom everywhere "reads in the rites the mystery of Christ," exemplifying Daniélou's observation that this mystery is the one object of the Christian faith, subsisting under different modes:It is prefigured in the Old Testament; it is accomplished historically in Christ's life on earth; it is contained in the mystery of the sacraments; it is lived mystically in souls; it is accomplished socially in the Church; it is fulfilled eschatologically in the heavenly kingdom.9For Chrysostom, the entire liturgy has a "mystery character," because it is "so much an anamnesis of the saving work of Christ and a revelation of heavenly reality that its earthly form is wholly irradiated by these aspects."10 Chrysostom uses the term "mystery" in relation not only to the sacraments, but more fundamentally to the entire economy of redemption, flowing from the Paschal mystery, in which they operate. The mystery is a secret except to faith; it expresses a relation between, on the one hand, a historic event of salvation history or a material element of the... (shrink)

Les parallèles présentés dans l’article entre théologie des Pères et philosophie contemporaine, de Grégoire de Nysse et Jean Chrysostome à Wittgenstein et Jonas, visent à souligner combien les catégories de l’incompréhensible et de l’ineffable constituent de manière récurrente des pierres d’achoppement. La question de Dieu y est évidemment liée, ce qui n’est pas sans faire place, chez les Pères, à l’articulation paradoxale d’un discours où Dieu, dans sa bienveillante Providence, châtie, rétribue, soutient dans l’épreuve, et d’une théologie négative, (...) d’« un temps pour se taire ». (shrink)

De nature homilétique, la prédication de Calvin suit le principe de la lectio continua, proche du commentaire des lectiones. Le réformateur mentionne souvent les philosophes, de manière positive pour les savoirs qu’ils représentent, mais aussi pour les critiquer. La philosophie et les philosophes sont des réalités ambivalentes, comme dans l’ Institution de la religion chrestienne, et désignent les savoirs humains sur le monde et sur l’homme en tant qu’on peut ou qu’on ose envisager ces réalités comme indépendantes de Dieu. Les (...) plus grands éloges de la philosophie donnent lieu aux condamnations les plus vives. Calvin utilise aussi la désignation de philosophes pour critiquer des adversaires contemporains : d’une part la théologie scolastique et tridentine, d’autre part les « moyenneurs » érasmiens. Le réformateur oppose les deux « styles », celui de la philosophie et celui de la révélation scripturaire, à la fois comme deux méthodes discursives, deux styles au sens littéraire, et deux stratégies : seules les Écritures saintes sont capables de conduire efficacement à la vraie sagesse (chrétienne). (shrink)

This article documents the general tendency of seventeenth-century natural philosophers, irrespective of whether they were atomists or anti-atomists, to regard space, time and matter as magnitudes having the same internal composition. It examines the way in which authors such as Fromondus, Basson, Sennert, Arriaga, Galileo, Magnen, Descartes, Gassendi, Charleton as well as the young Newton motivated their belief in the isomorphism of space, time and matter, and how this belief reflected on their views concerning the relation between geometry and physics. (...) Special attention is paid to the fact that most of the authors mentioned above regarded rarefaction and condensation, on the one hand, and acceleration and deceleration, on the other hand, as analogous phenomena, which consequently had to be explained in similar terms. (shrink)

The theory of the square of opposition has been studied for over 2,000 years and has seen a resurgence in new theories and research since the second half of the twentieth century. This volume collects papers presented at the Sixth World Congress on the Square of Opposition, held in Crete in 2018, developing an interdisciplinary exploration of the theory. Chapter authors explore subjects such as Aristotle’s ontological square, logical oppositions in Avicenna’s hypothetical logic, and the power of the square of (...) opposition to solve theological problems regarding predestination and theodicy. Other topics covered include: Hegel’s opposition to diagrams De Morgan’s unpublished octagon of opposition turnstile figures of opposition institutional model-theoretic treatment of oppositions Lacan’s four formulas of sexuation the theory of oppositional poly-simplexes The Exoteric Square of Opposition will appeal to pure logicians, historians of logic, semioticians, philosophers, theologians, mathematicians, and psychoanalysts. (shrink)

This paper examines the relationship between CEO incentives and strong and weak corporate social performance. Using the KLD database we find that incentives have no significant relationship with strong social performance. Salary and long-term incentives have a positive association with weak social performance.

Ce texte propose de revisiter l'éthique sous l'angle d'un concept peu approfondi qui est la distinction. Qu'est-ce que nous entendons la distinction? A l'heure où l'éthique semble drainer un ensemble de valeurs confuses et où sa demande paraît déceler un désaccord profond sur les éthos, il convient sans doute de revenir à l'approfondissement de ce concept de distinction. Celui-ci demeure une des clefs de la recherche personnelle que nous avons modestement entreprise depuis une trentaine d'années, d'abord comme juriste puis comme (...) philosophe. La distinction est, selon l'approche que nous proposons, un médian entre la séparation et la confusion. Elle est ce qui permet de saisir des nuances de chaque entité quelle qu'elle soit. La saisine de ces nuances est essentielle pour trouver les médiations elles-mêmes vitales pour l'équilibre de tout être, pris à la fois au sens individuel ou-et collectif du terme. Elle est donc un des outils d'une éthique digne de ce nom mais aussi d'une philosophie qui recherche à mettre en évidence - sans idéalisme ni cynisme - une harmonie des profondeurs. Les médiations, toutes en nuance, assurent les ponts entre deux extrêmes qu'il ne s'agit pas de vouloir éradiquer mais qu'il faut plutôt chercher à distinguer afin d'éviter qu'ils nous écrasent tant ils parlent et hurlent fort. La distinction est donc le seul moyen de ne pas se laisse emporter par ce flot de bavardages insipides. (shrink)

We discuss the history of the revival of the theory of opposition, with its emerging paradigms of research, and the related events that are organized in this perspective, including the latest one in Leuven in 2022.

When the meta-philosophies of Nominalism and Realism are compared, it is often said that Nominalism is motivated by a methodology of ontological economy, while Realism would be motivated by an appeal to Common Sense. In this paper, I argue that this association is misguided. After briefly comparing the meta-philosophy of Common Sense and the meta-philosophy of economy, I show that the core motivation in favour of Realism relies in fact in a principle of economy which violates the methodology of Common (...) Sense. I conclude that Common Sense philosophers should endorse Nominalism. (shrink)

La modernité européenne prétend s'ouvrir avec Descartes et sa déclinaison d'un cogito qui paraît tout englober. Cela pourtant n'eut lieu que par recouvrement de ce que les siècles précédents, qui virent naître la figure de l'intellectuel, avaient produit en arabe et en latin. Qu'y a-t-il de bouleversant - gelé par l'oubli, et donc neuf - dans ce que les médiévaux ont pu soutenir de la pensée? C'est ce qu'on cherche ici, en variant librement les entrées. Car la pensée est plurielle. (...) Si l'intellect est pour Aristote comme la main, instrument d'instruments, la pensée l'est aussi. Penser est une main, un outil fait d'outils, un mot rempli de mots. L'homme n'est pas l'être sans œuvre, il est celui dont l'acte n'a pas qu'un nom, l'animal dont l'œuvre propre est innommable autrement que dans la multiplicité. Voici par conséquent une sorte de lexique, certains repères d'une carte mentale où se profile, dans les connexions, ce que penser peut signifier"--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

Social Invisibilities -- Embedded Visibilities -- Of (Wo)men and Machines -- Disabled Brains.

We revisit the concept of de Sitter (dS) ‘tachyonic’ scalar fields, characterized by discrete negative squared mass values, and assess their physical significance through a rigorous Wigner-inspired group-theoretical analysis. This perspective demonstrates that such fields, often misinterpreted as inherently unstable due to their mass parameter, are best understood within the framework of unitary irreducible representations (UIRs) of the dS group. The discrete mass spectrum arises naturally in this representation framework, offering profound insights into the interplay between dS relativity and quantum (...) field theory. Contrary to their misleading nomenclature, we argue that the ‘mass’ parameter associated with these fields lacks intrinsic physical relevance, challenging traditional assumptions that link it to physical instability. Instead, any perceived instability originates from mismanagement of the system’s inherent gauge invariance rather than the fields themselves. A proper treatment of this gauge symmetry, particularly through the Gupta–Bleuler formalism, restores the expected characteristics of these fields as free quantum entities in a highly symmetric spacetime. This study seeks to dispel misconceptions surrounding dS ‘tachyonic’ fields, underscoring the importance of precise terminology and robust theoretical tools in addressing their unique properties. (shrink)

A translation of the lecture given by Jean-Luc Nancy at the conference ‘Left Theory for the twenty-first century’, organized by Costas Douzinas and Michalis Bartsidis at the Nicos Poulantzas Institute in Athens on 14 January 2021. Initial translation by Ioanna Bartsidi.

This view encouraged theorists to consider artistic geniuses the high-priests of humanity, creators of works that reveal the invisible essence of the world."--BOOK JACKET.

, which uses the intuitionistic propositional calculus, with the only connective →. It is very important, because the well known Curry-Howard correspondence between proofs and programs was originally discovered with it, and because it enjoys the normalization property: every typed term is strongly normalizable. It was extended to second order intuitionistic logic, in 1970, by J.-Y. Girard [4], under the name of system F, still with the normalization property.More recently, in 1990, the Curry-Howard correspondence was extended to classical logic, following (...) Felleisen and Griffin [6] who discovered that the law of Peirce corresponds to control instructions in functional programming languages. It is interesting to notice that, as early as 1972, Clint and Hoare [1] had made an analogous remark for the law of excluded middle and controlled jump instructions in imperative languages.There are now many type systems which are based on classical logic; among the best known are the system LC of J.-Y. Girard [5] and the λμ-calculus of M. Parigot [11]. We shall use below a system closely related to the latter, called the λ c -calculus [8, 9]. Both systems use classical second order logic and have the normalization property.In the sequel, we shall extend the λ c -calculus to the Zermelo-Frænkel set theory. The main problem is due to the axiom of extensionality. To overcome this difficulty, we first give the axioms of ZF in a suitable (equivalent) form, which we call ZF ɛ. (shrink)

In this article, we provide a philosophical and ethical reflection about quiet quitting as a tool of political resistance for nurses. Quiet quitting is a trend that gained traction on TikTok in July 2022 and emerged as a method of resistance among employees facing increasing demands from their workplaces at the detriment of their personal lives. It is characterised by employees refraining from exceeding the basic requirements outlined in their job descriptions. To understand why quiet quitting can be a tool (...) of resistance useful for nurses, we first draw on Frédéric Gros' concept of ‘surplus obedience’ and Michael Lipsky's notion of ‘routines and simplification strategies’ to highlight the ethical implications associated with nurses engaging in and sustaining harmful systems, such as the neoliberal healthcare system. Leaning again on Gros, we then propose that ‘obedience a minima’, a concept akin to quiet quitting, can serve as a method of ethical nursing resistance. After describing what the concept entails, we provide a discussion emphasising the potential of obedience a minima as a one method, among many, that can be leveraged by nurses to challenge and resist a system that prioritises financial considerations over patient wellbeing. The article concludes by reflecting on the ethical nature of resistance in the context of nursing, that is the act of obeying oneself and refraining from participating in systems that are detrimental to the lives of Others. (shrink)