Au cœur de la clinique des agirs violents à l’adolescence, cet article présente la modélisation puis les effets du maniement de la limite entre l’intime et le partageable ( lip ), enveloppe de l’espace intersubjectif. Sa double fonction de dilution, part trans-subjective du lien, et de différenciation, part intersubjective, est en souffrance chez ces adolescents. Le commettage, langage subjectif de l’agir violent, déchire l’enveloppe de cet espace, en expulsant des fragments de matière psychique brute archaïque et transgénérationnelle et produit des (...) éprouvés d’empiètements intersubjectifs. L’approche transdisciplinaire permet d’une part de constituer une enveloppe contenante au soin psychique et, d’autre part, soutient la dilution et la traversée momentanée des frontières disciplinaires et subjectales. Dans cette perspective transdisciplinaire, la situation de Jean illustre comment le maniement de la lip dans le processus de soin permet de traiter in situ le dépôt de la violence et de transformer le conflit narcissique ordinaire exacerbé dans le lien père-fils. (shrink)

This paper is an English translation of "Contemporary Philosophy on Immortality of the Soul" by Kazimierz Twardowski.

When asked in 1962 on what he was working Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz replied: Several years ago Polish Scientific Publishers suggested that I pre pare a new edition of The Logical Foundations of Teaching, which I wrote 1 before 1939 as a contribution to The Encyclopaedia of Education. It was a small booklet covering elementary information about logical semantics and scientific methodology, information which in my opinion was necessary as a foundation of teaching and as an element of the education of (...) any teacher. When I recently set to preparing the new edition, I rewrote practically everything, and a booklet of some 100 pages swelled into a bulky volume almost five times bigger. The issues have remained practically the same, but they are now analysed much more thoroughly and the threshold of difficulty is much higher now. The main stress has been laid on the methods used in the empirical sciences, and within that field, on the theory of measurement and the methods of statistical inference. I am now working on the last chapter of the book, concerned with explanation procedures and theory construction in the empirical sciences. When that book, which I intend to entitle Pragmatic Logic, is com pleted I intend to prepare for the press Vol. 2 of my minor writings, 2 Language and Cognition, which will cover some of my post-war pa pers. (shrink)

Modern Polish philosophy has an impressive record as a powerful, innovating tradition, in many respects parallel to but independent of the development of analytical philosophy in Britain and America. Owing to an absence of adequate translations however, the work of its leading exponents has generally only been encountered second-hand. To remedy this, Quinton and Skolimowski have translated an introduction to philosophy written by Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, probably the outstanding representative of the generation. Problems and Theories of Philosophy surveys concisely and, (...) so far as possible, systematically the main problems in epistemology and metaphysics and the most historically important of the solutions proposed to them. The book still reads freshly and displays many of the characteristic intellectual virtues of Polish philosophy: clarity and straightforwardness of presentation combined with a bracing rigour and precision. It is in no sense parochial to its Polish origins and can stand beside the classic English introductions to the subject as stimulating and lucid analysis of perennial philosophical problems and strategies. (shrink)

The article reviews the book Einführung in die Erkenntnistheorie [Introduction to Theory of Knowledge], by Ernst Gerhard.

The article reviews the book Einführung in die Erkenntnistheorie [Introduction to Theory of Knowledge], by Gerhard Ernst.

W artykule szkicuję czynniki sprzyjające przemianie kompleksowego ujęcia relacji kobieta ciężarna – płód, w dualny model tego odniesienia. W pierwszym modelu kobieta i płód są traktowani przez lekarzy jak jeden pacjent, natomiast w drugim także fazom prenatalnym ludzkiego życia przyznaje się moralny status samodzielnego pacjenta. Dualne podejście ma negatywne następstwa dla kobiet brzemiennych, sygnalizowane w tekście w polemice z Susan Mattingly. W drugiej części pracy analizuję podjętą przez Franka Chervenaka i Laurence McCullougha, teoretyczną próbę uzasadnienia statusu płodu jako pacjenta, przy (...) jednoczesnym zachowaniu elementów kompleksowego modelu relacji kobieta ciężarna – płód. Analizy ukazują jej fiasko. (shrink)

Présentation Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz (1890-1963) était un disciple direct de Kazimierz Twardowski, fondateur de l’Ecole de Lvov-Varsovie. Le texte de 1935 a été publié en allemand dans Studia Philosophica I, pp. 1-27 sous le titre « Die syntaktische Konnexität ». C’est l’un des travaux les plus importants de Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz et la théorie du langage en général, et plus particulièrement pour le développement de la linguistique mathématique. Ce texte est aussi considéré comme fondateur pour...

A simple, journalist scheme indicates that knowledge qualif‌ied to be scientif‌ic directly and fundamentally changes – thanks to its technological applications – the social world. The author presents arguments indicating that things are not that simple for several reasons.Firstly, historians of science argue that many fundamental technologies were created without a clear reference to scientif‌ic knowledge, and the knowledge accumulated by technologists often arises outside the areas of scientific theory. Secondly, we also know that what is technically possible is not (...) necessarily socially possible – not least because of costs, cultural constraints or social practices that we are not willing to give up. Thirdly, it is increasingly clear that the increase in scientif‌ic knowledge is primarily the result of the decision to allocate more and more resources to applied research. This means, however, that the pursuit of knowledge results not so much from the pressure to seek scientif‌ic truth, but from the values that we consider important. Fourthly, this leads to a reorientation in science, which allows contesting the thesis about the objectivity of scientif‌ic cognition in various ways: due to methodological disputes conducted by philosophers of science, the so‑called ‘scientif‌ic method’ does not guarantee the objectivity of scientif‌ic cognition. Consequently, the Enlightenment vision of science, which collapsed under the pressure of post-modernism, ceases to be the basic frame of reference on which we try to improve our collective life. We need this frame only when we cannot imagine this life without appealing to authorities that allow the resolution of essentially undecidable disputes. (shrink)

Scholarly dissertations dealing with the Jesuit educational system in Poland would more frequently emphasize the aspects of its decline rather than those of its prosperity. More recent research, however, based on numerous sources, enables one to see this system in a new, more objective light as well as giving an unbiased picture of the situation. Written by Roman Darowski SJ, eminent specialist in scholastic philosophy, it is the first work to be devoted to the philosophy of Polish Jesuits, which was (...) inseparable from their scholarly and didactic activities. It spans the last three decades of the sixteenth century and a few years of the seventeenth century, i.e. the beginning of the activity of the Societas Jesu in this country. (shrink)

This essay explores social forces which contributed to regaining independence by the Polish people and sovereignty by the Polish state after 45 years of Soviet domination There were four major factors or forces of historical change: workers' resistance (big-industry working class); intellectual opposition (dissidents); grass-roots movement (families, households and their microeconmuc activity); and the Catholic Church (in the late phase of the Polish People's Republic). The preliminary thesis is that Poland succeeded in transcending communism and Soviet domination as quickly as (...) it did thanks to its civil society traditions. In particular, universities and their intellectual influence on the young generations of Poles helped nurture the political opposition Equally, the grass-roots movement of Polish family households undermined the unrealistic, strange system of national (planned) economy, which otherwise could have lasted much longer in Poland, as it did in all of Eastem Europe. The conclusion follows that the historically formed cultural capital of the Polish people was the decisive factor in the nation's liberation from totalitarian rule. (shrink)

. ACT, CONTENT, AND OBJECT OF THE PRESENTATION It is one of the best known positions of psychology, hardly contested by anyone, that every mental phenomenon ...

Our contemporary life is said to be in conformity with what we do. People tend to be honest and trustworthy unlike those in the past - in the Victorian times, for example, when there were elements of hypocrisy and conventional behaviour among citizens. Many people nowadays live their lives according to their own subjective beliefs; and they speak openly about their both good and bad deeds – even if some of them were kept secret to the public. And the public (...) is equally open to tolerate or even accept them. An analysis of many cases in which people follow their own moral beliefs shows that this category of people are not always honest – only then, when their system of moral values is in accord with the objective system of moral values. Individual moral beliefs can be a result of false or relative moral theories, or even constructed to fit one’s moral attitude. Behaviour in which one respects the established principles, though may seem genuine, does not need to be considered honest. Following this kind of thinking, a man does not have any motivation or need to control himself – human-beings can dispense with self-development. The Victorian hypocrite had at least a due respect for moral values and knew that he had done wrong. His honesty followed what was good in his life but his deeds were all in all doomed to failure. Failure on the way of applying the right moral principles in life is not dishonesty. Every attempt to follow them inspires humans to undertake some spiritual efforts and gives opportunity to one’s own personal development. (shrink)