The American Urological Association (AUA) and American College of Surgeons (ACS) codes of professionalism require surgeons to disclose the specific roles and responsibilities of trainees to patients during the informed consent process. The objective of this study is to analyze how these requirements are met by urology training programs. An anonymous electronic survey was distributed to the program directors (PDs) of the 143 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education urology residency programs in the United States in 2021. Information was collected (...) regarding program demographics, aspects of the program’s consent process, and the disclosure to patients of the role and participation of residents in their surgery. There were 49 responses to the survey (34.3% response rate). Nearly 70 percent of PDs reported that attending physicians lead the consent process. The topics covered during consent discussion include possible complications (25%), expected recovery time (23%), length of the surgery (22%), the people involved (18%), and their specific roles (7%). Many PDs do not explicitly discuss trainee involvement (48.8%) or when a resident is to perform the majority of the case (87.8%). The majority of PDs (78.8%) communicate medical student involvement, but 73.2 percent reported having a patient decline participation of a trainee after describing their role. Despite the AUA and ACS codes of professionalism, many urologists do not disclose resident involvement in surgery to patients. Further discussions are needed to explore how to better balance resident education and patient autonomy. (shrink)

In this study, Surah al-Kahf verses 66-82 are discussed in the context of the problem of evil. According to us, the events that take place in the parable of Moses-Hizir in the verses are closely related to the problem of evil. In the study, firstly, the nature and historical background of the problem of evil is discussed. Then, the approaches to the problem of evil and the theodicy theories were analyzed and the perceptions of the problem of evil in both (...) Greek philosophy and the Islamic world were investigated. In the second part of the study, the exegesis of verses 66-82 of Surah al-Kahf is examined and the aspects pointing to the problem of evil in these texts are identified. Finally, the position of the parable of Moses-Hizir in the discussions on the problem of evil was tried to be determined. The aim of this study is to explain the relationship between the events in the parable of Moses-Khizir and the problem of evil and to determine the coordinates of the parable in the discussions. Thus, it is aimed to look at the problem of evil, which is widely discussed and debated even today, from a Qur'anic perspective. In the study, which was handled using the documentation method, it was determined that there are many theories about the problem of evil. There are those who use the problem of evil to argue for the non-existence of God, as well as those who argue that God has nothing to do with the events in the world by claiming that the universe was not created by God. On the other hand, there are those who say that the universe was created by God and that there may be relative and accidental evil in the universe. While some of these people have evaluated these evils as the maturation and perfection of human beings, others have considered them as God's warning and anger. In our opinion, the events described in the parable of Moses and Hizir and the mentioned evils are close to the views of those who consider the evils in the world as relative and accidental. (shrink)