Results for 'Language and logic'

955 found
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  1. Charles Davis.Some Semantically Closed Languages - 1974 - In Edgar Morscher, Johannes Czermak & Paul Weingartner, Problems in logic and ontology. Graz: Akadem. Druck- u. Verlagsanst..
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  2.  7
    A logical formalisation of false belief tasks.R. Velázquez-Quesada A. Institute for Logic Anthia Solaki Fernando, Computation Language, Netherlandsb Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Media Studies Netherlandsc Information Science & Norway - forthcoming - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics:1-51.
    Theory of Mind (ToM), the cognitive capacity to attribute internal mental states to oneself and others, is a crucial component of social skills. Its formal study has become important, witness recent research on reasoning and information update by intelligent agents, and some proposals for its formal modelling have put forward settings based on Epistemic Logic (EL). Still, due to intrinsic idealisations, it is questionable whether EL can be used to model the high-order cognition of ‘real’ agents. This manuscript proposes (...)
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  3.  7
    Learning Language in Logic.James Cussens & Saso Dzeroski - 2000 - Springer Verlag.
    The two-volume set LNCS 1842/1843 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2000, held in Dublin, Ireland in June/July 2000. The 116 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from a total of 266 submissions. The two volumes offer topical sections on recognitions and modelling; stereoscopic vision; texture and shading; shape; structure from motion; image features; active, real-time, and robot vision; segmentation and grouping; vision systems engineering and evaluation; calibration; medical image understanding; and visual (...)
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  4.  55
    Quantifiers in natural languages: Some logical problems II. [REVIEW]Jaakko Hintikka - 1977 - Linguistics and Philosophy 1 (2):153 - 172.
  5.  53
    Overcoming “Overcoming Metaphysics Through Logical Analysis of Language” Through Logical Analysis of Language.Jaakko Hintikka - 1991 - Dialectica 45 (2‐3):203-218.
    SummaryCarnap tried to overcome metaphysics through a distinction between empirical and conceptual truths. The distinction has since been challenged, but not on the basis of a systematic logical analysis of language. It is suggested here that the logical theory of identifiability based on the author's interrogative model will provide the tools for such a systematic analysis. As an example of what the model can do, a criticism is offered of Quine's and Chomsky's implicit assumption that language learning is (...)
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  6. The languages of logic: an introduction to formal logic.Samuel D. Guttenplan - 1997 - Malden, Mass.: Blackwell.
    With the same intellectual goals as the first edition, this innovative introductory logic textbook explores the relationship between natural language and logic, motivating the student to acquire skills and techniques of formal logic. This new and revised edition includes substantial additions which make the text even more useful to students and instructors alike. Central to these changes is an Appendix, 'How to Learn Logic', which takes the student through fourteen compact and sharply directed lessons with (...)
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  7.  5
    Black Mischief: Language, Life, Logic, Luck.David Berlinski - 1988 - Mariner Books.
    A protean look at the science establishment-as well as the personalities behind the scenes-in such fields as behavioral psychology, linguistics, and economics.
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  8.  60
    Samuel Guttenplan,The Languages of Logic: An Introduction to Formal Logic[REVIEW]Nimrod Bar-Am - 1999 - Pragmatics and Cognition 7 (1):239-242.
  9.  22
    The language of logic.Morton L. Schagrin - 1968 - New York,: Random House.
  10.  18
    The language of logic.Hans Freudenthal - 1966 - New York,: Elsevier Pub. Co..
  11.  52
    The languages of logic: an introduction.Samuel D. Guttenplan - 1987 - New York, NY, USA: Blackwell.
    "With the same intellectual goals as the first edition, this innovative introductory logic textbook explores the relationship between natural language and logic, motivating the student to acquire skills and techniques of formal logic. This new and revised edition includes substantial additions which make the text even more useful to students and instructors alike. Central to these changes is an Appendix, 'How to Learn Logic', which takes the student through fourteen compact and sharply directed lessons with (...)
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  12. Logical constants in quantifier languages.Dag Westerståhl - 1985 - Linguistics and Philosophy 8 (4):387 - 413.
  13. A Plea for Automated Language-to-Logical-Form Converters.Joseph S. Fulda - 2006 - RASK 24:87-102.
    This has been made available gratis by the publisher. -/- This piece gives the raison d'etre for the development of the converters mentioned in the title. Three reasons are given, one linguistic, one philosophical, and one practical. It is suggested that at least /two/ independent converters are needed. -/- This piece ties together the extended paper "Abstracts from Logical Form I/II," and the short piece providing the comprehensive theory alluded to in the abstract of that extended paper in "Pragmatics, Montague, (...)
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  14. Logical Conceptualization of Knowledge on the Notion of Language Communication.Urszula Wybraniec-Skardowska - 2017 - Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 52 (1):247-269.
    The main objective of the paper is to provide a conceptual apparatus of a general logical theory of language communication. The aim of the paper is to outline a formal-logical theory of language in which the concepts of the phenomenon of language communication and language communication in general are defined and some conditions for their adequacy are formulated. The theory explicates the key notions of contemporary syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. The theory is formalized on two levels: (...)
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  15.  11
    Logical Analysis of Natural Language as an Organic Part of Logic.Pavel Materna - 2015 - Studia Philosophica 62 (2):74-85.
    There are two kinds of logical errors. Either you use a non-valid scheme of an argument or your analysis of the premises is mistaken. No extensional or intensional theory can solve the following problem connected with analyzing NL expressions: The Leibniz principle of substituting identical for identical contains the condition a = b. Extensional as well as intensional systems (at least if intensions are defined as functions from possible worlds) analyzing this condition as formulated in natural language are happy (...)
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  16. The language of thought as a logically perfect language.Andrea Bianchi - 2020 - In Vincenzo Idone Cassone, Jenny Ponzo & Mattia Thibault, Languagescapes. Ancient and Artificial Languages in Today's Culture. pp. 159-168.
    Between the end of the nineteenth century and the first twenty years of the twentieth century, stimulated by the impetuous development of logical studies and taking inspiration from Leibniz's idea of a characteristica universalis, the three founding fathers of the analytic tradition in philosophy, i.e., Frege, Russell, and Wittgenstein, started to talk of a logically perfect language, as opposed to natural languages, all feeling that the latter were inadequate to their (different) philosophical purposes. In the second half of the (...)
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  17.  11
    Language, logic, & God.Frederick Ferré - 1961 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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  18. Logic as an internal organisation of language.Boris Čulina - 2024 - Science and Philosophy 12 (1):62-71.
    Contemporary semantic description of logic is based on the ontology of all possible interpretations, an insufficiently clear metaphysical concept. In this article, logic is described as the internal organization of language. Logical concepts -- logical constants, logical truths, and logical consequence -- are defined using the internal syntactic and semantic structure of language. For a first-order language, it has been shown that its logical constants are connectives and a certain type of quantifiers for which the (...)
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  19. An Expressive First-Order Logic with Flexible Typing for Natural Language Semantics.Chris Fox & Shalom Lappin - 2004 - Logic Journal of the Interest Group in Pure and Applied Logics 12 (2):135--168.
    We present Property Theory with Curry Typing (PTCT), an intensional first-order logic for natural language semantics. PTCT permits fine-grained specifications of meaning. It also supports polymorphic types and separation types. We develop an intensional number theory within PTCT in order to represent proportional generalized quantifiers like “most.” We use the type system and our treatment of generalized quantifiers in natural language to construct a type-theoretic approach to pronominal anaphora that avoids some of the difficulties that undermine previous (...)
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  20. Ordinary Language Criticisms of Logical Positivism.Paul L. Franco - 2018 - Hopos: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science 8 (1):157-190.
    In this paper, I fill out the received view of logical positivism within professional philosophy against which Thomas Kuhn’s Structure appeared. To do this, I look at the methodological dimensions of ordinary language criticisms of logical positivist analysis from P.F. Strawson and J.L. Austin. While no one would confuse Strawson and Austin for philosophers of science, I look to their criticisms given the general porousness of sub-disciplinary boundaries in mid-20th century philosophy, the prominence of ordinary language philosophy in (...)
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  21.  52
    Logical Form in Natural Language.Gilbert Harman - 1986 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 47 (2):340-343.
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  22. Logic, Language & Information: The Makings of a New Science?Johan van Benthem - forthcoming - Journal of Logic, Language, and Information.
  23.  93
    From Logic to Language to Play a Plenary Address to the InterAmerican Congress.Richard Rorty - 1986 - Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 59 (5):747 - 753.
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  24.  44
    The logics of a universal language.Eduardo Alejandro Barrio & Edson Bezerra - 2024 - Asian Journal of Philosophy 3 (1):1-22.
    Semantic paradoxes pose a real threat to logics that attempt to be capable of expressing their own semantic concepts. Particularly, Curry paradoxes seem to show that many solutions must change our intuitive concepts of truth or validity or impose limits on certain inferences that are intuitively valid. In this way, the logic of a universal language would have serious problems. In this paper, we explore a different solution that tries to avoid both limitations as much as possible. Thus, (...)
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  25. The Logicality of Language: Contextualism versus Semantic Minimalism.Guillermo Del Pinal - 2022 - Mind 131 (522):381-427.
    The logicality of language is the hypothesis that the language system has access to a ‘natural’ logic that can identify and filter out as unacceptable expressions that have trivial meanings—that is, that are true/false in all possible worlds or situations in which they are defined. This hypothesis helps explain otherwise puzzling patterns concerning the distribution of various functional terms and phrases. Despite its promise, logicality vastly over-generates unacceptability assignments. Most solutions to this problem rest on specific stipulations (...)
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  26.  6
    I. language, logic, encyclopedia.Catherine Wilson - 1992 - In Donald Rutherford, Leibniz's Metaphysics: A Historical and Comparative Study. Duke University Press. pp. 7-44.
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  27.  27
    Logic or the psychology of language.Louis O. Kattsoff - 1955 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 16 (1):108-112.
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    Logicality in natural language.Gil Sagi - 2024 - Philosophical Studies 181 (5):1067-1085.
    Is there a relation of logical consequence in natural language? Logicality, in the philosophical literature, has been conceived of as a restrictive phenomenon that is at odds with the unbridled richness and complexity of natural language. This article claims that there is a relation of logical consequence in natural language, and moreover, that it is the subject matter of the bulk of current theories of formal semantics. I employ the framework of _semantic constraints_ (Sagi in Log Anal (...)
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  29.  43
    Language as an Instrument for Dispute Resolution in Modern Justice.Anna K. Drabarz, Tomasz Kałużny & Stephen Terrett - 2017 - Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 52 (1):41-56.
    The frustration in Polish society arising from excessive costs of conducting court proceedings and lengthy delays for dispute resolution has resulted in a genuine limitation in access to judicial justice for citizens. This paper argues that the answer to the dilemma between ensuring both justice and efficiency lies in language being a tool for the active participation of the parties in building mutual trust and shaping solutions in conflictual circumstances. How should the postulate of effective communication leading to dispute (...)
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  30. (2 other versions)The Logic of Language Change.Kolb David - 2006 - Proceedings of the Hegel Society of America 17:179-195.
    A discussion of the relation of dialectical transitions in Hegel's speculative logic to changes in categories and grammar in the empirical historical languages.
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  31. A logical processing of sentences to prevent some types of incoherences in natural language interfaces.Elisabeth Godbert - forthcoming - Communication and Cognition-Artificial Intelligence.
     
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  32.  16
    “Logical Lantern”: Analogue of the Square of Opposition for Propositions in V.I. Markin’s Universal Language for Traditional Positive Syllogistic Theories.Oksana Cherkashina - 2024 - Logica Universalis 18 (1):35-47.
    In this paper is constructed an analogue of the square of opposition for propositions about relations between two non-empty sets. Unlike the classical square of opposition, the proposed scheme uses all logically possible syllogistic constants, formulated in V.I. Markin’s universal language for traditional positive syllogistic theories. This scheme can be called “Logical lantern”. The basic constants of this language are representing the five basic relations between two non-empty sets: equity, strict inclusion, reversed strict inclusion, intersection and exclusion (considered (...)
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  33. Logical Syntax of Language.Rudolf Carnap - 1937 - London,: Routledge. Edited by Amethe Smeaton.
    First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
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  34. (1 other version)The logical problem of language acquisition.Fiona Cowie - 1997 - Synthese 111 (1):17-51.
    Arguments from the Logical Problem of Language Acquisition suggest that since linguistic experience provides few negative data that would falsify overgeneral grammatical hypotheses, innate knowledge of the principles of Universal Grammar must constrain learners hypothesis formulation. Although this argument indicates a need for domain-specific constraints, it does not support their innateness. Learning from mostly positive data proceeds unproblematically in virtually all domains. Since not every domain can plausibly be accorded its own special faculty, the probative value of the argument (...)
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  35. The Logic of Religious Language.Cynthia B. Cohen - 1973 - Religious Studies 9 (2):143 - 155.
    Expressions used in religious contexts have often seemed odd and paradoxical to philosophers. Statements have appeared in Christian discourse to the effect that God is not a person and yet is a person, that he is a servant and a king, that he is nothingness and being itself. These statements appear unintelligible either because their terms are self-contradictory or because they are mutually exclusive.
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    The Logical Problem of Language Acquisition: A Probabilistic Perspective.Anne S. Hsu & Nick Chater - 2010 - Cognitive Science 34 (6):972-1016.
    Natural language is full of patterns that appear to fit with general linguistic rules but are ungrammatical. There has been much debate over how children acquire these “linguistic restrictions,” and whether innate language knowledge is needed. Recently, it has been shown that restrictions in language can be learned asymptotically via probabilistic inference using the minimum description length (MDL) principle. Here, we extend the MDL approach to give a simple and practical methodology for estimating how much linguistic data (...)
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  37.  25
    The logic languages of the TPTP world.Geoff Sutcliffe - 2023 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 31 (6):1153-1169.
    The Thousands of Problems for Theorem Provers (TPTP) World is a well-established infrastructure that supports research, development and deployment of automated theorem proving systems. This paper provides an overview of the logic languages of the TPTP World, from classical first-order form (FOF), through typed FOF, up to typed higher-order form, and beyond to non-classical forms. The logic languages are described in a non-technical way and are illustrated with examples using the TPTP language.
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  38.  83
    Languages of Law: From Logics of Memory to Nomadic Masks.Peter Goodrich - 1990 - Cambridge University Press.
    An original and comprehensive study of the history, symbols and languages of the common law tradition.
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  39.  5
    What is Medieval Logic After All? Towards a Scientific Use of Natural Language.L. Cesalli - 2010 - Bulletin de Philosophie Medievale 52:49-53.
    The puzzle sketched in this short introduction pinpoints the difficulty experienced by historians of medieval logic to define the very discipline that they are studying. Thus, in spite of all the work done during the last 60 years, the question: “What is medieval logic after all?” remains actual. A general perspective of investigation is suggested, namely the farreaching consequences of the attempt to cope with what one could call the formal and material constraints of medieval logic (i.e., (...)
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  40. Language as shaped by the brain.Morten H. Christiansen & Nick Chater - 2008 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31 (5):489-509.
    It is widely assumed that human learning and the structure of human languages are intimately related. This relationship is frequently suggested to derive from a language-specific biological endowment, which encodes universal, but communicatively arbitrary, principles of language structure (a Universal Grammar or UG). How might such a UG have evolved? We argue that UG could not have arisen either by biological adaptation or non-adaptationist genetic processes, resulting in a logical problem of language evolution. Specifically, as the processes (...)
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  41.  8
    The Language of First-order Logic: Including the Program Tarski's World.Jon Barwise & John Etchemendy - 1990 - Stanford Univ Center for the Study.
    This book is intended, along with the computer program, to introduce the user to some of the most important concepts and tools of logic, including learning a new computer language.
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  42.  40
    A descriptive characterisation of linear languages.Tore Langholm - 2006 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 15 (3):233-250.
    Lautemann et al. (1995) gave a descriptive characterisation of the class of context-free languages, showing that a language is context-free iff it is definable as the set of words satisfying some sentence of a particular logic (fragment) over words. The present notes discuss how to specialise this result to the class of linear languages. Somewhat surprisingly, what would seem the most straightforward specialisation actually fails, due to the fact that linear grammars fail to admit a Greibach normal form. (...)
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  43.  23
    Logical paradoxes solution in semantically closed language.Vsevolod Ladov - 2017 - Epistemology and Philosophy of Science 52 (2):104-119.
    The author considers following question: is a consistent semantically closed language possible? The negative answer is the orthodox answer in the logic of the 20th century. It was presented in Russell's theory of types and Tarski's semantic theory of metalanguages. Nevertheless, contemporary logicians and philosophers of language return to this problem time and again, pointing to its relevance in various aspects. In particular, it is asserted that semantically closed language is a very important tool for expressing (...)
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  44.  94
    Logical semantics for natural language.Godehard Link - 1983 - Erkenntnis 19 (1-3):261 - 283.
    It is now a quarter of a century ago that Wolfgang Stegmfiller wrote his monograph 'Das Wahrheitsproblem und die Idee der Semantik' (1957) which dealt with Tarski's and Carnap's foundational work in the field of semantics. While this book is about the definition of the basic semantical concepts in artificial formal languages there is an article written a year earlier (1956) in which Stegmfiller addresses himself specifically to the relation between logic and natural language. Here he gives a (...)
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  45.  57
    Designing visual languages for description logics.Brian R. Gaines - 2009 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 18 (2):217-250.
    Semantic networks were developed in cognitive science and artificial intelligence studies as graphical knowledge representation and inference tools emulating human thought processes. Formal analysis of the representation and inference capabilities of the networks modeled them as subsets of standard first-order logic (FOL), restricted in the operations allowed in order to ensure the tractability that seemed to characterize human reasoning capabilities. The graphical network representations were modeled as providing a visual language for the logic. Sub-sets of FOL targeted (...)
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  46.  89
    Teaching Logic as a Foreign Language On-Line.Katarzyna Paprzycka - 2004 - Teaching Philosophy 27 (2):117-125.
    Similar to learning the grammatical structures of a foreign language, one problem that students face in learning logic is that many of the operations and concepts they need to learn require more practice to fully master. To solve this problem, the author proposes the use of “repetitive exercises”, exercises that aim to develop a familiarity with a concept or operation through repeatedly focusing on that concept or operation. According to the author, the best method for implementing these exercises (...)
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  47.  1
    Native Language Attrition or Expansion? Considerations About Lexical Reverse Transfer: A Case Study.Zofia Chłopek - 2024 - Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 69 (1):459-487.
    A bi- or multilingual repertoire is a complex and dynamic system of languages (Herdina & Jessner, 2002; Herwig, 2001; Larsen-Freeman & Cameron, 2008; Stotz & Cardoso, 2022) which interact with each other and with the conceptual system (Kroll & Stewart, 1994; Pavlenko, 2009). Importantly, fluent and regularly used native languages are not spared from the influence of later acquired non-native ones. The paper presents the results of a case study conducted with a native speaker of Polish with three additional languages: (...)
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  48.  47
    Language Logicality: New Evidence in Favour of the Rescale Approach?Giada Coleschi - 2023 - Kriterion – Journal of Philosophy 37 (1):1-18.
    What is the relationship between syntax and logic? Is the former autonomous and independent of the latter? If it is not, what kind of logic syntax interfaces with? These questions are not unheard of, having been around for quite some time, along with different answers. In the generative tradition, for example, logic cannot provide a model for linguistic behaviour. Conversely, according to the logicality of language hypothesis logical considerations are relevant to syntactic formation and explain the (...)
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  49. Languages as evolving organisms – the solution to the logical problem of language evolution?Christina Behme - 2008 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31 (5):512-513.
    Christiansen & Chater (C&C) argue persuasively that Universal Grammar (UG) could not have arisen through evolutionary processes. I provide additional suggestions to strengthen the argument against UG evolution. Further, I suggest that C&C's solution to the logical problem of language evolution faces several problems. Widening the focus to mechanisms of general cognition and inclusion of animal communication research might overcome these problems.
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  50.  21
    Deductive Logic in Natural Language.Douglas Cannon - 1999 - Peterborough, Canada: Broadview Press.
    This text offers an innovative approach to the teaching of logic, which is rigorous but entirely non-symbolic. By introducing students to deductive inferences in natural language, the book breaks new ground pedagogically. Cannon focuses on such topics as using a tableaux technique to assess inconsistency; using generative grammar; employing logical analyses of sentences; and dealing with quantifier expressions and syllogisms. An appendix covers truth-functional logic.
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