A partir de J.-P. Sartre y M. Heidegger, se aborda la relación entre temporalidad, conciencia y comprensión, y se examina la experiencia de la indeterminación vinculada a la intuición del límite de lo pensable y expresable, con el fin de articular la filosofía y la poesía como formas de acercamiento a dicho límite. Se plantean dos presupuestos: el cuestionamiento de la demarcación radical entre indagación filosófica y expresión poética, y la aproximación racional, pero sin prejuicios racionalistas, a los límites del (...) pensar y del decir. Con ello se reivindica una forma de entender la filosofía que parte de M. Heidegger y alcanza brillantes expresiones en M. Foucault y J. Derrida. (shrink)

The objective of this article is to assess the impact of generative artificial intelligence (AGI) as a learning tool in clinical practice, as perceived by clinical students of human medicine. To this end, six learning activities were devised and executed, employing diverse pedagogical approaches and AGI tools, with the objective of addressing various facets of clinical practice. These included the creation of explanatory material, literature analysis, the selection of clinical cases for publication, the development of self-assessment questions, the production of (...) explanatory videos, and the creation of scientific posters. These activities were conducted during the clinical internships of the fifth year of the medical curriculum and were evaluated using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings indicated that the incorporation of GAI as a pedagogical instrument in the clinical training of medical students yielded a favorable influence on their motivation, self-assurance, satisfaction, competencies, and knowledge. The students identified GAI as a novel, applicable, useful, and transferable tool and expressed interest in continuing to use it in the future. However, the results also indicated that students encountered certain challenges and difficulties in utilizing GAI as a learning tool, including overconfidence, resistance, and a lack of understanding. In conclusion, this study provides empirical evidence on the use of GAI as a learning tool for undergraduate medical students' clinical practices, and contributes to the knowledge base regarding the possibilities and challenges of GAI application in higher education. (shrink)

The Conference on Artificial General Intelligence is the only major conference series devoted wholly and specifically to the creation of AI systems possessing general intelligence at the human level and ultimately beyond. Its second installation, AGI-09, in Arlington, Virginia, March 6-9, 2009, attracted 67 paper submissions, which is a substantial increase from the previous year. Of these submissions, 33 (i.e., 49%) were accepted as full papers for presentation at the conference. Additional 13 papers were included as position papers. The program (...) also included a keynote address by Juergen Schmidhuber on 'The New AI', a post-conference workshop on 'The Future of AI', and a number of pre-conference tutorials on various topics related to AGI. (shrink)

The problem of values has given rise to a bewildering variety of theories. Louis Lavelle set himself the task of expounding and systematizing these diverse doctrines, of making “une sorte de tableau de toutes les directions dans lesquelles s’est engagée la reflection humaine au cours de son histoire, lorsqu’il s’est agi de definir pour elle la valeur absolue et les valeurs particulières”. He tried to bring order into the work of ages, situating it in a vaster order according to his (...) own views of man’s privileged place in the universe. Of course the study of values made by this great psychologist–metaphysician was far more than a lifeless gathering together of dry concepts: it involved a representation, from a new angle, of his entire philosophy of being. “Le problème essentiel de la métaphysique, le seul dont la solution puisse éclairer notre vie et guider notre conduite, c’est le problème du rapport entre l’être et la valeur”. M. Wesley Piersol now presents a fine compendium of Lavelle’s thought on value. He divides his study into four parts, aiming at thus keeping close to the line of development of the philosopher’s views. In the first part is found Lavelle’s analysis of the faculties of the moi, sentiment, will, preference, judgment of value. From this analysis is derived his understanding of the characters of value. Next comes a section on the incarnation of value by liberty in time: thus a psychology of value develops into a metaphysics of value. Finally, there is a section on the relation between axiology and ontology. The book is well planned and the matter clearly presented but, as anybody who is acquainted with Lavell’s writings must know, clarity and charm in presentation do not eliminate difficulty. (shrink)

We prove that the two-variable fragment of first-order intuitionistic logic is undecidable, even without constants and equality. We also show that the two-variable fragment of a quantified modal logic L with expanding first-order domains is undecidable whenever there is a Kripke frame for L with a point having infinitely many successors (such are, in particular, the first-order extensions of practically all standard modal logics like K, K4, GL, S4, S5, K4.1, S4.2, GL.3, etc.). For many quantified modal logics, including those (...) in the standard nomenclature above, even the monadic two-variable fragments turn out to be undecidable. (shrink)

En este trabajo abordamos la interrelación entre tiempo, política y hospitalidad, tomando como base interpretativa el tratamiento que tales conceptos reciben en el pensamiento de Derrida y Lévinas. El planteamiento central puede expresarse diciendo que, tal como nos dice Derrida, una interpretación correcta de la posición de Lévinas nos lleva a reconocer que la hospitalidad es la eticidad misma. Se considera, a partir de este presupuesto, que la apertura al otro que hace posible la hospitalidad impide que la subjetividad quede (...) atrapada en una empobrecedora estrategia autorreferencial. (shrink)

Information-seeking interactions in multi-agent systems are required for situations in which there exists an expert agent that has vast knowledge about some topic, and there are other agents (questioners or clients) that lack and need information regarding that topic. In this work, we propose a strategy for automatic knowledge acquisition in an information-seeking setting in which agents use a structured argumentation formalism for knowledge representation and reasoning. In our approach, the client conceives the other agent as an expert in a (...) particular domain and is committed to believe in the expert’s qualified opinion about a given query. The client’s goal is to ask questions and acquire knowledge until it is able to conclude the same as the expert about the initial query. On the other hand, the expert’s goal is to provide just the necessary information to help the client understand its opinion. Since the client could have previous knowledge in conflict with the information acquired from the expert agent, and given that its goal is to accept the expert’s position, the client may need to adapt its previous knowledge. The operational semantics for the client-expert interaction will be defined in terms of a transition system. This semantics will be used to formally prove that, once the client-expert interaction finishes, the client will have the same assessment the expert has about the performed query. (shrink)

We show the first examples of recursively enumerable (even decidable) two-dimensional products of finitely axiomatisable modal logics that are not finitely axiomatisable. In particular, we show that any axiomatisation of some bimodal logics that are determined by classes of product frames with linearly ordered first components must be infinite in two senses: It should contain infinitely many propositional variables, and formulas of arbitrarily large modal nesting-depth.

The aim of this paper is to raise some issues that relate to disciplinary status of bioethics. I am particularly interested in entering to consider here its relation to philosophy and the role it should play in different areas of research and medical practice. The question is whether bioethics can be understood and practiced as part of an action protocol or requires a philosophical foundation that will provide strength and consistency.

Velaquí un libro que fala do home actual e do seu mundo. Da vida como camiño con encrucilladas. Encrucilladas que levan a filosofía actual a buscar na linguaxe unha nova forma de supervivencia. Unha modalidade de encontro no inestable conflito de interpretacións dos múltiples discursos sobre a realidade. Camiñantes aborda os problemas derivados da globalización, a violencia e a soidade do home contemporáneo.

Built on the foundations laid by Peirce, Schröder, and others in the 19th century, the modern development of relation algebras started with the work of Tarski and his colleagues [21, 22]. They showed that relation algebras can capture strong first‐order theories like ZFC, and so their equational theory is undecidable. The less expressive class WA of weakly associative relation algebras was introduced by Maddux [7]. Németi [16] showed that WA's have a decidable universal theory. There has been extensive research on (...) increasing the expressive power of WA by adding new operations [1, 4, 11, 13, 20]. Extensions of this kind usually also have decidable universal theories. Here we give an example – extending WA's with set‐theoretic projection elements – where this is not the case. These “logical” connectives are set‐theoretic counterparts of the axiomatic quasi‐projections that have been investigated in the representation theory of relation algebras [22, 6, 19]. We prove that the quasi‐equational theory of the extended class PWA is not recursively enumerable. By adding the difference operator D one can turn WA and PWA to discriminator classes where each universal formula is equivalent to some equation. Hence our result implies that the projections turn the decidable equational theory of “WA + D ” to non‐recursively enumerable (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim). (shrink)

Our concern is the completeness problem for spi-logics, that is, sets of implications between strictly positive formulas built from propositional variables, conjunction and modal diamond operators. Originated in logic, algebra and computer science, spi-logics have two natural semantics: meet-semilattices with monotone operators providing Birkhoff-style calculi and first-order relational structures (aka Kripke frames) often used as the intended structures in applications. Here we lay foundations for a completeness theory that aims to answer the question whether the two semantics define the same (...) consequence relations for a given spi-logic. (shrink)

Más allá del principio del poder es el título de la contribución de Derrida al homenaje a Foucault, que realizó la Universidad de New York tras la muerte del filósofo. Acerca de su contenido trata este pequeño ensayo. En su intervención, Derrida pone en relación las ideas de Freud y las de Foucault, con las suyas propias, a propósito de la relación entre saber, poder y sexualidad.Su objetivo final es hacer hablar, pero al mismo tiempo acallar la voluntad de destrucción, (...) encontrando la forma de imponer la vida a la muerte, aún en la misma muerte y más allá de la muerte. Este es el imposible que ha de imponerse a la voluntad de destrucción del otro, a la persistente búsqueda de su absoluta sumisión aniquiladora, que conllevaría a su vez el aniquilamiento del verdugo. (shrink)

There are two known general results on the finite model property of commutators [L0,L1]. If L is finitely axiomatizable by modal formulas having universal Horn first-order correspondents, then both [L,K] and [L,S5] are determined by classes of frames that admit filtration, and so they have the fmp. On the negative side, if both L0 and L1 are determined by transitive frames and have frames of arbitrarily large depth, then [L0,L1] does not have the fmp. In this paper we show that (...) commutators with a “weakly connected” component often lack the fmp. Our results imply that the above positive result does not generalize to universally axiomatizable component logics, and even commutators without “transitive” components such as [K3,K] can lack the fmp. We also generalize the above negative result to cases where one of the component logics has frames of depth one only, such as [S4.3,S5] and the decidable product logic S4.3×S5. We also show cases when already half of commutativity is enough to force infinite frames. (shrink)

We solve a major open problem concerning algorithmic properties of products of ‘transitive’ modal logics by showing that products and commutators of such standard logics as K4, S4, S4.1, K4.3, GL, or Grz are undecidable and do not have the finite model property. More generally, we prove that no Kripke complete extension of the commutator [K4,K4] with product frames of arbitrary finite or infinite depth (with respect to both accessibility relations) can be decidable. In particular, if.

El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer al lector un recorrido por las más signifi cativas interpretaciones del mito de Prometeo, intentando, a la luz del contenido de las mismas, contribuir al esclarecimiento de la relación entre ley moral y ley política. En particular, se trata de poner de relieve cómo hay en la actitud de Prometeo algo que delata la presencia de una conciencia, fuertemente individualizada, cuyo dictado le conduce a asumir el choque con el poder en su máxima (...) expresión. Por otro lado, se analizan las diferentes interpretaciones del concepto griego de Ley, estudiando cómo la máxima expresión de la misma es deudora de la idea de destino. En base a la Ley, se establece un orden común, que enlaza a dioses y hombres, si bien no con los mismos grados de sujeción. (shrink)

Resumen: El pasado 6 de junio se cumplieron 30 años de la muerte del pensador Vladimir Jankélévitch, acaecida en Paris en 1985. Se trata de un lapso temporal considerable, casi un tercio de siglo, que nos permite realizar un balance de la actualidad y previsible pervivencia en el futuro de su obra. En el presente trabajo pretendo realizar un breve recorrido por algunos de los temas filosóficos que abordó en sus obras más relevantes, reivindicando la vigencia de su pensamiento en (...) este siglo XXI, que va abriéndose paso entre profundos dramas humanos. En cierta forma, tan complejas circunstancias constituyen otras tantas proyecciones de las que Jankélévitch conoció a lo largo de su extraordinaria peripecia vital. Con todo ello como telón de fondo, focalizaré mi atención en cinco grandes asuntos: el estatuto del saber filosófico, la ética como base de la relación con el otro, el amor, la muerte y la búsqueda de la pureza.: On June 6 the 30th anniversary of the death of Vladimir Jankélévitch, happened in Paris in 1985. After a considerable time lag, almost a third of a century, allows us to take stock of the present and foreseeable future survival of his work. In this paper we try to provide a brief overview of some of the philosophical issues addressed in his most important works, vindicating their importance thought this century, which are presented through deep human dramas. In a way, such complex circumstances are projections of those that Jankélévitch met throughout his extraordinary life. With all this as background, I will focus my attention on five major issues: the status of philosophical knowledge, ethics as the basis for the relationship with the other, love, death and the search for purity. (shrink)

En el cuarto volumen de la Historia de la sexualidad de Michel Foucault, podemos encontrar un relevante conjunto de conceptos y reflexiones que nos permiten emprender una aproximación singular al asunto que constituye el objeto de estudio del presente trabajo, a saber las relaciones entre sexualidad, identidad personal y Derecho. Un aspecto central en esa obra es el estudio de las ideas de Agustín de Hipona, referidas a dichas relaciones. Estas ideas han tenido una enorme repercusión histórica, contribuyendo a conformar (...) la concepción de la identidad sexual predominante en Occidente. En ella la idea de la sexualidad como potencia subyacente sobre la que el propio individuo difícilmente alcanza a tener un control, ha marcado la visión de las relaciones entre subjetividad y sexualidad. (shrink)

En la evolución de la nanotecnología encontramos una excelente ilustración de la forma en que se producen, en nuestra época, las interacciones entre lo económico y lo tecnocientífico. Nos ofrece, además, una ejemplificación elocuente de cómo, en esa interacción, tienden a ser escamoteadas cuestiones que poseen una trascendencia ética de primer orden y que deberían situarse en el debate ético y político en un lugar de preponderancia.

Dos sentidos del término conciencia han convivido desde que tenemos constancia del uso del mismo: el psíquico y el moral. Un rasgo distintivo del pensamiento moderno consiste en considerar que el primero ha de prevalecer sobre el segundo. Sin embargo, la propia evolución del concepto parece exigir en nuestros días una apelación a lo social para completar su determinación.

The objective of this paper is to highlight the confluence of pastoral power and biopolitical power, as foundations for today’s unholy alliance that undermines the sense of democratic political subjectivity. From that perspective, it explores the connections between the Heideggerian conception of subjectivity and alternative pastoral power and biopolitics that Foucault calls through its ethics focused on self-care.

Partiendo de los trabajos de Denis Diderot y Hervé Guibert, se pretende en este escrito poner de relieve ciertas líneas de aproximación a las relaciones entre racionalidad, emotividad y ética. Se plantea en él una reflexión sobre diversos aspectos relacionados con la experiencia de la discapacidad y se intenta mostrar que la toma en consideración de las vivencias emocionales a las que se enfrentan las personas que padecen tales limitaciones posee una importancia crucial para que se pueda hacer frente de (...) la manera más eficaz a los problemas que de ellas se derivan. A pesar de tomar como punto de partida dos brillantes aproximaciones literarias, todo ello viene a confluir en una perspectiva que, siguiendo a Lisa Feldman, podemos denominar _Realismo Afectivo_. (shrink)

La propuesta que nos hace Alfonso López Quintás, catedrático emérito de filosofía de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y uno de los grandes pensadores españoles, en La ética o es transfiguración o no es nada, es la de emprender un camino de crecimiento personal. Forma parte esencial de nuestra existencia el crecimiento en una doble vertiente: biológica y espiritual. El crecimiento natural impone sus propios límites, a través de unas reglas que limitan nuestra vida. Sin embargo, los límites de nuestro (...) crecimiento personal están íntimamente relacionados con el proceso mismo, que podemos llamar camino de la vida. Los límites de nuestro crecimiento irán apareciendo en el camino, pero el modo en el que recorremos nuestra senda vital es capital a la hora de determinar cómo recorreremos el camino que nos es propio. Esto es lo que nos plantea López Quintás en esta obra, cómo crecer a través del conocimiento de la propia realidad y de nuestra capacidad para transformarla. (shrink)