Este artículo aborda la figura de María Magdalena en la exégesis bonaventuriana del evangelio de Juan. A este propósito, se contextualiza el autor y la obra, y se analizan los pasajes del In Ioan referidos a María Magdalena en el contexto de la resurrección. En una primera sección se muestra la solicitud y diligencia de María Magdalena. Posteriormente, se desarrolla su fervor y amor en relación con la misión que se le otorga; finalmente se analiza la dinámica del encuentro entre (...) ella y el resucitado. Como resultado, colocamos de manifiesto la originalidad de Buenaventura en su apreciación de lo femenino. (shrink)

Estrategia Minerva Podcast, una iniciativa para divulgar la filosofía.

La figura de Orfeo, el poeta mítico, ha trascendido a través de la tradición poética e influido en ella de diversas maneras: el personaje está ligado a géneros poéticos, y a tópicos, motivos y temas literarios. Además, es el prototipo del poeta y el origen de la idealización de sus facultades. Esto último es en sí un tópico, como se puede observar en dos poemas, “Introito” de Ramón López Velarde y “Arte poética” de Alfonso Reyes.

Este artículo propone un estudio de la mujer en los textos que conforman la narrativa porteña de Salvador Reyes: El café del puerto, Piel nocturna, Mónica Sanders y Valparaíso, puerto de nostalgia. Para esto se plantea analizar la construcción del sujeto femenino a partir de la noción de “corazón y belleza” propuesta por Rimbaud, la que, contra la mirada falogocéntrica del Chile de la primera parte del siglo XX, termina generando líneas de fuga que abren posibilidades de transgresión y (...) ruptura en el orden de las familias. Asimismo, se realizan ciertas conexiones intertextuales necesarias para la comprensión del componente disruptivo de la representación de la mujer en la escritura de Reyes. The article proposes a review of the role of women in the works thatSalvador Reyes' narrative of Valparaíso:El café del puerto,Piel nocturna,Mónica Sanders andValparaíso, puerto de nostalgia. The construction of the female subjectRimbaud’s notionof “heart and beauty”. This notion counters the phallocentric bias prevalent in Chile in the early 20th centurysettingof flightopen possibilities of transgressiontheof the family. In addition,this article proposesintertextual connections necessary for understandingdisruptive component of the representation of women in Reyes’ writing. (shrink)

La expulsión de los poetas fuera de la ciudad ideal, política elaborada en la República de Platón, es uno de los episodios más comentados en la historia de la filosofía, de modo que no parece haber lugar a novedades sobre el tema. No obstante, en este artículo me dedicaré a un aspecto que parece desatendido por los comentaristas del texto: hay una relación íntima entre la poesía y la oligarquía, entre los imitadores y el régimen de gobierno que ocupa el (...) centro de la escala que va de los mejores a los peores. Entre los poetas caracterizados por Platón y los oligarcas, propondré, la diferencia es únicamente de grado, no de naturaleza, en el mismo sentido en que el filósofo establece la diferencia entre un amo y un rey, ambos por igual gobernantes. A tal fin me detendré en el tratamiento de las figuras del suplicante, el imitador, el oligarca y Odiseo (como personaje que las sintetiza), para atender a los aspectos comunes que hacen posible su reunión. Esto nos llevará a algunas conclusiones sobre el conflicto entre Platón y el anonimato. (shrink)

Background: The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shortage of qualified nurses in Spain. As a result, the government authorized the hiring of senior students. Objectives: To explore the ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts experienced by final-year nursing students who worked during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Research design: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were carried out using a question guide. Interviews took place via a private video chat (...) room platform. A thematic, inductive analysis was performed of the information gathered. Participants and research context: Eighteen nursing students were recruited from two universities of Madrid, aged between 18 and 65 years old, enrolled in the fourth year of nursing studies and who were hired under a relief contract for health professionals during the pandemic. Ethical considerations: The present study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Results: Three specific themes emerged: (a) coping with patient triage, (b) difficulties in providing end-of-life care, and (c) coping with patient death. Nursing students participated in the process of patient selection for resource allocation and ICU bed occupancy. They were shown how to care for patients who were not admitted to the ICU, in their last moments and were faced with the difficulties of applying end-of-life care. Finally, the nursing students were confronted with the death of their patients, in overwhelming numbers and under adverse conditions. Conclusions: These findings can help shed light on the ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts faced by novice nursing students, incorporated into the workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, it was described that students may normalize the death due to the exhaustion and overwhelmed routine. (shrink)

Movement and positional control of mitochondria and other organelles are coordinated with cell cycle progression in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recent studies have revealed a checkpoint that inhibits cytokinesis when there are severe defects in mitochondrial inheritance. An established checkpoint signaling pathway, the mitotic exit network (MEN), participates in this process. Here, we describe mitochondrial motility during inheritance in budding yeast, emerging evidence for mitochondrial quality control during inheritance, and organelle inheritance checkpoints for mitochondria and other organelles.

There are different meanings associated with consequentialism and teleology. This causes confusion, and sometimes results in discussions based on misunderstandings rather than on substantial disagreements. To clarify this, we created a survey on the definitions of ‘consequentialism’ and ‘teleology’, which we sent to specialists in consequentialism. We broke down the different meanings of consequentialism and teleology into four component parts: Outcome-Dependence, Value-Dependence, Maximization, and Agent-Neutrality. Combining these components in different ways we distinguished six definitions, all of which are represented in (...) the philosophical literature. We asked the respondents which definition is best for consequentialism and for teleology. The most popular definition of consequentialism was the one which accepted value-dependence, but not maximization and agent-neutrality. We therefore recommend the use of this meaning to avoid misunderstandings. The results for teleology were more problematic, with several respondents claiming they never use the term, or indicating that it is confusing. (shrink)

In his new book Emotion: The Basics, Michael S. Brady introduces the fundamentals on the philosophical approach to emotions: by fleshing out these basic tenets Brady provides insight into a core component of all our lives and covers the nature of emotions, their relationship to knowledge and understanding, and their relationship to our moral and social selves. In my comments, I value the achievements of Brady's work as well as explore a critical approach to the book in which I emphasise (...) how the book deals with the dichotomy between emotions and reasons. I also engage with the limitations that emerge from a viewpoint of a scholar specialised on the history of philosophy and epistemology, and point towards some puzzles that ought to be further considered. (shrink)

El filósofo francés Michel Foucault vinculó su investigación acerca del concepto de heterotopía al espacio terrenal y sólido, basándose en seis principios que circunscriben estos contraespacios. El objetivo de este estudio es utilizar los principios heterotópicos propuestos por Foucault para analizar el espacio marítimo en la novela Mare al mattino, de la escritora Margaret Mazzantini, y estudiar la relación que se establece entre las protagonistas y el mar.

Dorian Gray pays a hefty price for years of sin and vice in this completely unabridged edition of The Picture of Dorian Gray.

The aim of this paper is to analyse the different meanings of the word “reality” in the work of Descartes. As a methodological strategy, a comparison with the conceptualization of the real in the work of Francisco Suárez is made. It makes possible to find a paradoxical tension between two conceptions of the real, the objective and the existential, in the work of both authors. It is argued that this tension is a typical character of the metaphysics in the baroque (...) period, better resolved by Descartes than by Suárez thanks to the theological foundation of knowledge proposed by the first. This foundation ensures the correspondence of the true ideas, known a priori, with extramental reality and it hinders the phenomenological and pre-Kantian interpretation of the cartesian ontology in terms of reduction of reality to realitas objectiva. (shrink)

The argument from species overlap has been widely used in the literature on animal ethics and speciesism. However, there has been much confusion regarding what the argument proves and what it does not prove, and regarding the views it challenges. This article intends to clarify these confusions, and to show that the name most often used for this argument (‘the argument from marginal cases’) reflects and reinforces these misunderstandings. The article claims that the argument questions not only those defences of (...) anthropocentrism that appeal to capacities believed to be typically human, but also those that appeal to special relations between humans. This means the scope of the argument is far wider than has been thought thus far. Finally, the article claims that, even if the argument cannot prove by itself that we should not disregard the interests of nonhuman animals, it provides us with strong reasons to do so, since the argument does prove that no defence of anthropocentrism appealing to non-definitional and testable criteria succeeds. (shrink)

In this paper we summarize observations bridging the declared aspirations of pictorial semiotics and its real achievements. Pictorial semiotics is here understood as the general study of pictures as signs and it constituted a fundamental step beyond the art historical captivation with individual images. In the first part of our contribution we present a review of the most important methods that have been proposed as an answer to deal with several pictorial problems (multiple instances, segmentation, non-figurative meaning). In the second (...) part, we offer some positive and on-going implementations designed to remedy the shortcomings observed. What is suggested is the proof of concept that human researchers need the assistance of computing methodologies. However, computers can only do their job once an adequate phenomenology of human experience is fed into the process. (shrink)

In the paper [8], the first author developped a topos- theoretic approach to reference and modality. (See also [5]). This approach leads naturally to modal operators on locales (or spaces without points). The aim of this paper is to develop the theory of such modal operators in the context of the theory of locales, to axiomatize the propositional modal logics arising in this context and to study completeness and decidability of the resulting systems.

Background: Dignity experience in the daily lives of people living with dementia is influenced by their relational interactions with others. However, literature reviews show that knowledge concerning crucial interactional qualities, preserving their sense of dignity, is limited. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore and describe crucial qualities of relational interactions preserving dignity experience among people with dementia, while interacting with family, social network, and healthcare professionals. Methodology: The study was founded upon Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics, and an exploratory (...) design employing qualitative research interviews was conducted. Participants and research context: A total of 11 individuals diagnosed with mild to moderate dementia, living in their own homes, were recruited from two Hospital Memory Clinics in Norway. Ethical considerations: In recruiting persons with dementia as study participants, sensitivity toward their life history, autonomy, integrity, relationships, and dignity is essential. These standards, and the ethical principles of moral sensitivity to their vulnerability, doing no harm, showing justice, and respecting their personal utility, guided our research. Results: Three main interactional qualities preserving the participants’ dignity experience were found: Experiencing love and confirmation; experiencing social inclusion and fellowship; experiencing humane warmth and understanding within a caring culture, while being met as an equal human being. A total of 10 sub-qualities were identified within these 3 main qualities. Discussion and final considerations: Dignity experience among the participants was preserved when certain interactional qualities were present in their interactions with family, social network, and healthcare professionals. While supporting some of the findings of previous studies, this study adds new knowledge on the subject. Knowledge of relational interactions toward preserving dignity experience should be a fundamental part of future dementia care practice. Based on the results of this study, an empirical–theoretical model was developed for this purpose. (shrink)

¿Fue realmente la necesidad de responder a los retos del escepticismo –y, en concreto, del escepticismo de Montaigne– lo que incitó a Descartes a formular el argumento del cogito? Este artículo defiende una respuesta negativa, pues no fue la herencia del escepticismo sino la del estoicismo clásico, también revitalizado en el Renacimiento, lo que fue determinante en el surgimiento del internalismo epistémico moderno.Palabras claves: Montaigne, Descartes, Epicteto, escepticismo, estocismo, internalismo epistémico moderno.Was Descartes’ Cogito argument an answer to the challenges of (...) Scepticism and, in particular, to Montaigne’s version of it? This paper claims that the answer to this question should be negative, since it was not the influence of Scepticism, but the one of classic Stoicism –a trend that was also retrieved in the Renaissance– the one that had the main role in the rise of modern epistemic internalism.Keywords: Montaigne, Descartes, Epictetus, Scepticism, Stoicism, modern epistemic internalism. (shrink)

Es preciso practicar una cierta arqueología para encontrar, tras el texto de los Ensayos , los vestigios de un poderoso esfuerzo: aquel que realizó su autor para transformar los textos de otros en lenguaje acerca de sí. La obra de Montaigne surge así a partir de lo ajeno, atraviesa los caminos del yo, y vuelve a encontrar al otro en la figura del lector.It's necessary to practice some kind of archeology in the text of the Essays, to find the signs (...) of a powerful effort: the one that its author took to transform other's text in language about himself. Montaigne's work emerges from the others and crosses the way of the self, to meet again the other as a reader. (shrink)

Resumen: El filósofo francés Michel Foucault vinculó su investigación acerca del concepto de heterotopía al espacio terrenal y sólido, basándose en seis principios que circunscriben estos contraespacios. El objetivo de este estudio es utilizar los principios heterotópicos propuestos por Foucault para analizar el espacio marítimo en la novela Mare al mattino, de la escritora Margaret Mazzantini, y estudiar la relación que se establece entre las protagonistas y el mar.: The French philosopher Michel Foucault linked his research on the concept of (...) heterotopy to earthly and solid space, based on six principles that circumscribe these counter-spaces. The aim of this study is to use the heterotopic principles proposed by Foucault to analyze the maritime space in the novel Mare al mattino, by the writer Margaret Mazzantini, and to study the relationship established between the protagonists and the sea. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es alertar sobre el nuevo artefacto para la ocultación de la violencia de género: «la alta conflictividad» en las rupturas familiares. Desde estos planteamientos se pone el foco en la protección del interés superior de la infancia y adolescencia en los casos de ruptura familiar, escondiendo los daños sufridos por los hijos e hijas derivados de la violencia de género. Mostraremos cómo, para paliar los daños derivados de la «alta conflictividad», se está asentando jurisprudencialmente la (...) coordinación de parentalidad. Mediante un análisis jurisprudencial, comprobaremos cómo este método de resolución de conflictos se aplica en contextos de violencia de género, con el fin último de restablecer o normalizar la relación del padre que ejerce violencia de género con sus hijos e hijas. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión de la categoría jurídica de Patria Potestad definida por nuestro Código Civil, analizando los valores que la sustentan, desde un posicionamiento feminista y desde la perspectiva de los derechos de las personas menores de edad. Para este examen se efectuará un recordatorio sobre el origen de la Patria Potestad, conectándolo con el nacimiento del patriarcado moderno, diseñado a través del contrato social de Rousseau. Comprobaremos cómo las construcciones ideológicas sobre la familia (...) que cimentaron el surgimiento de la Patria Potestad y su posterior vida se mantienen en la actualidad, escondiéndose tras las resistencias de los operadores jurídicos, en la aplicación de la suspensión del ejercicio de la patria potestad al padre que ejerce violencia de género. (shrink)

The article aims to document the types of cyberviolence faced by 120 students of an urban high school in the cd. Toluca. Understood as an aggressive and intentional act online is about “sending and posting harmful or cruel texts or images over the Internet or other digital media”. Based on a mixed research design, the “online violence” self-report was applied, which allowed to identify trends and subsequently, from a narrative generating question, the experience stories with online violence were recovered.

Resumo: No início da década de 80, a Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia promoveu pesquisa-diagnóstico que confirmou a necessidade e importância de formação pedagógica para os professores dos cursos de graduação em Geologia. Parte das sugestões e reivindicações que surgiram então no âmbito da comunidade geológica, no sentido de contemplar essa formação, foram atendidas com o oferecimento do Curso de Especialização em Ensino de Geociências na UNICAMP, a partir de 1984. Destinado a professores de disciplinas geológicas e afins, usualmente graduados em (...) Geologia, Geografia, Engenharia e Ciências Biológicas, o curso é estruturado em três fases, nas quais o participante executa atividades respectivamente de planejamento de ensino, aplicação desse planejamento e, finalmente, avaliação do conjunto da experiência. O trabalho do participante na própria instituição de origem constitui o ponto de partida para seu aprofundamento teórico e também a meta a ser atingida, na forma de trabalho renovado. A análise sistemática do curso permitiu detectar deficiências e propor mudanças visando aperfeiçoá-lo. Palavras-chave: Educação permanente; Geociências; Metodologia de ensino. In the beginnings of the 80's the Brazilian Geological: Society sponsored a research that confirmed the need and importance of pedagogic development for undergraduate courses's teachers in geology. A group of suggestions and demands that arose in the midst of the geological community, aiming at this development were met with the offer of the "Specialization Course in the Teaching of Geosciences" at UNICAMP since 1984. Directed to teachers of geological subjects and similar ones, usually graduate in geology, geography, engineering and biological sciences, this course is organized in three stages, where the student is engaged in activities of teaching planning, use of this planning and assessment of this overall trial. The previous work of the participant in his/her original institution set the starting point to the theoretical in-depth study, and also the goals to be attained. This research is oriented to the systematic analysis of this course, aiming at detecting deficiencies and proposing changes that may lead to its improvement. Descriptors: Continuing education; Earth science; Teaching methods. (shrink)

El presente texto reflexiona acerca del concepto de atmósfera, en el contexto de la crisis climática actual, cuya complejidad se exacerba por su carácter global y urgente. Si bien dicha noción se puede entender a través de datos cuantitativos resultantes de la medición sobre un objeto corporal, la ontología que Félix Guattari desarrolló en sus últimos escritos nos provee de un sistema en el que cada entidad real presupone la convivencia de registros tanto corpóreos como incorpóreos, y tanto reales como (...) posibles, y por tanto un entendimiento puramente corporal sería insuficiente. El sistema de Guattari invita a aceptar la multiplicación de las manifestaciones y de las potencias del objeto atmosférico, y señala la dificultad de articular y conciliar distintos tipos de valores inherentes que presenta. (shrink)

Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de analizar los diferentes códigos éticos y deontológicos internacionales, regionales y nacionales de los que se nutre la especialidad de psiquiatría. Se concluye que el comportamiento ético se basa en el sentido de la responsabilidad individual de cada psiquiatra hacia cada paciente y en la capacidad de ambos para determinar cuál es la conducta correcta y más apropiada. Las normas externas y las directrices, tales como los códigos de conducta profesional, las aportaciones (...) de la ética y de las normas legales, no garantizan por sí solas la práctica ética de la medicina, pero constituyen un importante marco referencial. A literature review was performed with the objective of analyzing the various international, regional and national ethical and deontological codes that the psychiatry specialty feeds on. It is concluded that ethical behavior is based on the sense of individual responsibility of each psychiatrist to each patient and the ability of both to determine what the correct and appropriate behavior is. External standards and guidelines, such as professional codes of conduct, the study of ethics and legal standards alone do not guarantee the ethical practice of medicine but are an important framework. (shrink)

La filosofía helenística es producto de un curso impartido en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la UNAM por Alfonso Reyes, quien a su gran formación filosófica unía extraordinaria sapiencia del mundo griego. El libro se divide en tres partes que comprenden desde la filosofía alejandrina hasta el periodo ético y religioso de los griegos, con lo que se completa el cuadro de la filosofía helenística.