Luigi Pareyson is an italian existencialist philosopher, the unknown master of Umberto Eco and Gianni Vattimo. In this essay, the author shows the connection between aesthetics,onthology and hermeneutics in Pareyson. The paradigm of the interpretation of the work of art can be also useful for the discovery of truth, as a -at the same time- personal and universal knowledge. These lines end with a comparision between the Gadamer and Pareyson's hermeneutics.

Entre otras muchas fuentes, Ratzinger recibió su formación de los tres grandes maestros: Agustín, Buenaventura y Tomás de Aquino. Aun rechazando una escolástica impersonal y esencialista, reconoce la autoridad del Aquinate –vista a través de un tomismo agustiniano– en la antropología, la doctrina de la gracia y de la creación, así como en la naturaleza del acto de fe y el método de la Teología. El teólogo alemán procura compatibilizar la perspectiva ontológica con la histórico-salvífica, la personalista con la metafísica. (...) En la síntesis entre fe y razón, filosofía y teología, Ratzinger encuentra en el Aquinate un buen modelo, que se fundamenta no solo en el orden de la gracia sino también en el de la creación. (shrink)

La Iglesia es para Ratzinger una red de comunidades eucarísticas que miran a Roma, en las que la palabra y el ministerio son agentes de comunión eclesial. La esposa de Cristo es el pueblo convocado por Dios que se reúne en torno a la palabra y los sacramentos, especialmente alrededor del cuerpo eucarístico. Los conceptos de sucesión apostólica, del episcopado y del correlativo primado resultan nucleares. Por eso el diálogo teológico con otras confesiones cristianas se centra en torno a los (...) conceptos de autoridad, ministerio y las distintas concepciones de la eclesiología eucarística, donde la perspectiva católica presenta su propia especificidad. (shrink)

Tras ser restaurado en el Vaticano II, urge entender cuáles son sus funciones propias. Los autores analizados en este estudio coinciden en que el diaconado se basa de igual manera en los tres pilares de la Liturgia, la Palabra y la Caridad. Tanto B. Elbs como C. Wessely destacan la importancia de trabajar con los pobres del mundo industrializado del siglo XXI. La jerarquía es entendida como triangular, en la que el obispo como cabeza tiene sus colaboradores en función del (...) grado del sacramento que han recibido. El diácono permanente está llamado non ad sacerdotium sed ad ministerium episcopi. Su lugar eclesial y eclesiológico queda claro y, sin embargo, quedan todavía muchas dudas, críticas y actitudes de desconfianza hacia el diaconado. Por ello analizamos algunas publicaciones recientes, así como experiencias concretas de otro. (shrink)

In this paper we defend that elective ventilation, even if conceived as the instrument to maximise the chances of organ recovery, is mainly the means to provide the patient who is dying with a dignified death in several ways, one of them being the possibility of becoming an organ donor. Because EV does not harm the patient and permits the medical team a better assessment of the patient's clinical trajectory and a better management of the dying process by the family, (...) EV does not violate the principle of non-beneficence nor the principle of autonomy if we restrict the initiation of EV to those cases in which it is not known what the previous wishes of the patient were as regards to his or her care at the end of life. (shrink)

El Concilio Vaticano II ofrece una teología del diaconado, al aludir a la condición diaconal de toda la Iglesia y, más en concreto, del ministerio ordenado. Esta diakonía se expresa pues en clave de servicio, y no de poder. En este artículo se responde a la pregunta de cuál es la diferencia con un laico, quien puede desempeñar funciones muy parecidas. La condición sacramental del diaconado ha sido enseñada siempre por la Tradición y el Magisterio de la Iglesia, mientras que (...) la doctrina del “carácter diaconal” como representación in persona Christi Servi sería más bien un desarrollo del magisterio posconciliar. El Concilio ha afirmado que el diácono ha sido ordenado non ad sacerdotium sed ad ministerium, para expresar la colaboración con los obispos, con sus presbíteros y con todo el Pueblo de Dios. Sirve a la mesa de los pobres, a la Mesa de la Palabra y a la Mesa eucarística. Su misión consiste en crear las condiciones para que la comunidad local se convierta en Iglesia y pueda así contar con e. (shrink)

El presente trabajo tiene como principal objetivo analizar las dinámicas migratorias que se llevan adelante en África Occidental a partir del interrogante que se desprende de los discursos dominantes respecto de la supuesta invasión de migrantes africanos a Europa, especialmente después de 2015. Desde ese año, la consigna más frecuente ha sido “Grandes oleadas de refugiados arriban a Europa”. Sin embargo, la realidad muestra que no existe tal invasión en términos cuantitativos absolutos, además de profundizarse el discurso racista y xenófobo (...) que habla de “crisis migratoria” para alertar sobre una presunta invasión de africanos al continente, cuando casi un 80% de quienes emigran de sus países se dirige a otro país del continente africano y tan solo el, aproximadamente, 20% restante “intenta” cruzar a Europa. Y este último dato representa un porcentaje de población extremadamente reducido en relación con la población europea. A partir del trabajo de campo en Senegal, Malí, Burkina Faso y Níger, realizado para una tesis de doctorado, las reflexiones en torno al problema planteado se orientan a desmontar ideas ampliamente difundidas por medios de comunicación y determinados ámbitos académicos en relación con las migraciones subsaharianas en dirección a Europa, en muchos casos fundamentadas por representaciones vinculadas a “la huida del continente”, “las guerras”, “los conflictos étnicos” y “la invasión de migrantes a Europa”, entre otras. (shrink)

Luigi Pareyson is an italian existencialist philosopher, the unknown master of Umberto Eco and Gianni Vattimo. This not very well known philosopher has a consistent anthropology, which carries out its consecuences in his aesthetics and hermeneutics. Consecuently, he also considers philosophy as a permanent dialogue between each person with truth and other persons. This is the future of philosophy, he says.

Preface to the Thematic Volume: Models and Theories in Biology.

Resumen: La capacidad unificadora de una teoría científica es un rasgo usualmente contemplado a la hora de evaluar su adecuación. Kitcher ha elucidado satisfactoriamente tal noción mediante su enfoque de los patrones explicativos. Sin embargo, su perspectiva adolece de ciertas carencias. Concretamente, sostendremos que el requisito de rigurosidad de los patrones para evaluar la capacidad unificadora debe ser repensado, pues atenta contra la heterogeneidad característica de las diferentes aplicaciones de teorías unificadoras. A su vez, mostraremos cómo estas dificultades bien pueden (...) ser subsanadas desde el marco del estructuralismo metateórico sin por ello resignar ninguna de las acertadas intuiciones de Kitcher. -/- Palabras clave: Explicación, Kitcher, estructuralismo metateórico, unificación, unificación espuria. -/- Abstract: Kitcher has satisfactorily explicated unification using his particular approach to scientific explanation. However, we believe that his perspective has certain problems, which have been inherited by more recent approaches to the topic. Specifically, the requirement of stringency of patterns that Kitcher proposes to determine the unifying power of an explanatory pattern undermines the typical and peculiar heterogeneity we can find in different applications of unifying theories. We will show how this topic can be better addressed by the perspective built by metatheoretical structuralism without sacrificing any of Kitcher’s correct intuitions. -/- Keywords: Explanation, Kitcher, metatheoretical structuralism, spurious unification, unification. (shrink)

This essay reviews the documents of the pontifical magisterium of the Church from the encyclical Mater et magistra (1961) to the exhortation Evangelii gaudium (2013), in order to show the Church’s historical commitment to the defense of the environment. It then argues that Laudato si’ elevates the theological status of the environmental crisis to that of a new social issue, much as Leo XIII did for the industrial crisis with his encyclical letter Rerum novarum (1891).

El jesuita morisco P. Ignacio de las Casas colaboró en la traducción de algunos de los libros plúmbeos encontrados en Granada a fines del siglo XVI. Inicialmente se manifestó partidario de su autenticidad, pero pronto se convenció de que eran una falsificación. Desarrolló entonces una activa lucha para conseguir que la Iglesia evitara su divulgación. En el artículo se pasa revista a su intervención como traductor y a los argumentos que utilizó para criticar la doctrina de los libros plúmbeos. El (...) P. Las Casas, además de señalar la presencia de elementos islámicos, ve en ellos claras muestras de antiguas herejías antitrinitarias. Aunque no los considera obra de moriscos, señala el atractivo que el mesianismo y milenarismo contenidos en la doctrina de los libros plúmbeos tenía para los moriscos. (shrink)

On 20 December 1973, an attack by ETA put an end to the lives of Franco's head of government, his chauffeur and his bodyguard. This had important consequences for both the dictatorship and the terrorist group. Based on the existing sources, historians have developed a fairly credible account of the events. Nevertheless, the fact that ETA had managed to assassinate such a prominent politician, combined with some loose ends in the police investigation and the absence of a sentence gave rise (...) to all kinds of speculation. Furthermore, the case of Carrero Blanco has inspired narratives of uneven quality. In this paper we examine the interrelationship between history, conspiracy theories and fiction surrounding the attack. (shrink)

Pablo Navalón, Pilar Benavent, Alberto Domínguez, Pilar Sierra y Ana García-Blanco Hospital Universitario y Politécnico “La Fe”, Valencia, España Numerosos … Read More →.

What should our theorizing about social justice aim at? Many political philosophers think that a crucial goal is to identify a perfectly just society. Amartya Sen disagrees. In The Idea of Justice, he argues that the proper goal of an inquiry about justice is to undertake comparative assessments of feasible social scenarios in order to identify reforms that involve justice-enhancement, or injustice-reduction, even if the results fall short of perfect justice. Sen calls this the “comparative approach” to the theory of (...) justice. He urges its adoption on the basis of a sustained critique of the former approach, which he calls “transcendental.” In this paper I pursue two tasks, one critical and the other constructive. First, I argue that Sen’s account of the contrast between the transcendental and the comparative approaches is not convincing, and second, I suggest what I take to be a broader and more plausible account of comparative assessments of justice. The core claim is that political philosophers should not shy away from the pursuit of ambitious theories of justice (including, for example, ideal theories of perfect justice), although they should engage in careful consideration of issues of political feasibility bearing on their practical implementation. (shrink)

Pensar é uma espécie de exercício responsável que não pode ser omitido neste momento que vivenciamos e partilhamos. Por isso, cultivar boas reflexões depende, por um lado, da capacidade técnico-acadêmica de pesquisadoras e pesquisadores e, por outro, da maneira como conduzem o seu horizonte filosófico diante de um quadro de perspectivas e desafios. Assim, a produção filosófica não precisa de milagres para compreender a natureza, como afirmará Espinosa, mas de uma aliança entre liberdade e razão.É neste sentido que o presente (...) número da Aurora contempla o dossiê “Atualidade da Filosofia de Espinosa: Matéria e potência”, organizado pelos professores Ricardo Espinosa Lolas e Eladio Craia.O Fluxo Contínuo, por sua vez, dispõe dos artigos “Fantasised alterity, inaudible voices. Notes for a critique of the coloniality of desire”, de Jorge Polo Blanco; “El Estado Intensivo de Gilles Deleuze”, de Julián Ferreyra; “Nietzsche e a mnemotécnica: do sofrimento à afirmação da vida pelo artista da dor”, de Adilson Felicio Feiler; “The role of sense of justice in Rawls’theory”, de Pablo Aguayo Westwood; “Paradigms in Action”, de Paulo Pirozelli e, por último, “É possível filosofar com Heidegger após as confissões nos Cadernos Negros?”, de Luiz Rohden.A Aurora também apresenta, ao final, as resenhas das obras “Aporías de la Democracia”, obra coordenada por Ricardo Espinoza Lolas e Jordi Riba, assinada por Angélica Montes Montoya, e “Hegel and Espinosa: Substance and Negativity”, de Gregor Moder, realizada por Eladio Craia e Arion Keller. (shrink)

The topic of alienation has fallen out of fashion in social and political philosophy. It used to be salient, especially in socialist thought and in debates about labor practices in capitalism. Although the lack of identification of people with their working lives—their alienation as workers—remains practically important, normative engagement with it has been set back by at least four objections. They concern the problems of essentialist views, a mishandling of the distinction between the good and the right, the danger of (...) paternalistic impositions, and the significance of democratic authorization. This paper recasts the critique of alienation in a way that vindicates its importance for social and political philosophy and rebuts these objections. First, it provides an analytic framework to understand alienation—distinguishing its various conceptual, explanatory, and normative dimensions. Second, it accounts for the normative aspect of the critique of alienation by articulating it in terms of prudential and moral ideas of positive freedom regarding human flourishing and solidaristic empowerment. Finally, the normative account is developed further, and sharpened to respond to the four objections, through the introduction of the Dignitarian Approach—the view that we have reason to organize social life in such a way that we respond appropriately to the valuable features of individual human beings that give rise to their dignity. (shrink)

This paper provides a critical exploration of the capability approach to human rights (CAHR) with the specific aim of developing its potential for achieving a synthesis between “humanist” or “naturalistic” and “political” or “practical” perspectives in the philosophy of human rights. Section II presents a general strategy for achieving such a synthesis. Section III provides an articulation of the key insights of CAHR (its focus on actual realizations given diverse circumstances, its pluralism of grounds, its emphasis on freedom of choice, (...) its demand for public reasoning, its context-sensitive universalism, and its broad view of obligations). These insights go some way toward the achievement of the desired synthesis. But, as explained in IV.1, in its current form CAHR faces two serious objections by the defenders of the political perspective: the Gap Between Capabilities-Interests and Rights Objection and the Disconnect From Practice Objection. Answering these criticisms requires some amendments to CAHR. Section IV.2 suggests a response to the first objection based on the introduction of a contractualist framework of justification. Sections IV.3 and IV.4 tackle the second objection by introducing a re-characterization of the cosmopolitan standard underlying the humanist perspective and by identifying the differences and relations between various dimensions of a conception of human rights and their significance for actual political practice. The paper illustrates the practical implications of CAHR, in its modified form, for the pursuit of some important rights. (shrink)

Although the simultaneous presence of multiple ambitions is inherent in hybrid venturing, pursuing social and/or environmental missions while securing commercial viability can generate ambivalence among stakeholders. In this study, we draw on the notion of “holism” to show how venture founders both embrace tensioned ambitions and sustain hybridity during critical venture development phases. Based on 6 years of data on The People’s Supermarket in the United Kingdom, we identify three distinct practices— fantasizing, bartering, and conjuring—used by founders to harness tensions (...) productively, without compromising their venture’s multiple ambitions. These practices demonstrate the founders’ ability to maintain a venture’s hybrid nature throughout the ideation, organizational, and scale-up phases, thereby shedding light on the application of “holism” within the realm of hybrid venturing. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza el pesimismo desde una perspectiva ontológica. Para esto se analizan dos concepciones filosóficas que describan un “estado de cosas”, es decir, lecturas de la realidad en donde se manifieste la naturaleza decadente de la realidad: Schopenhauer y Nietzsche, por ejemplo. Para ello, se analizará la estructura ontológica de la realidad y su pertinencia con el suicidio: ¿el suicidio es conclusión necesaria del pesimismo? Luego, se analiza la ontología pluralista de Philipp Mainländer que defiende una postura a favor (...) del suicidio en contraposición de la ontología monista de Schopenhauer y la ontología pluralista de Nietzsche. Para finalizar con un análisis ontológico a partir de las tecnologías involucradas en la afirmación o negación del suicidio. (shrink)

One way in which we might approach the challenge posed by the Sorites Paradox is considering that Sorites-susceptible predicates have several candidate extensions, or several ways in which these expressions can be made precise. For example, a candidate extension for the predicate ‘is a baby’ is the set of humans of less than two years, but also the set of those less than two years and one second, and of those less than two years and two seconds. In this chapter (...) we present and discuss two theories for vague predicates based on this idea: supervaluationism and subvaluationism. The chapter is structured in three parts. The first presents the super- and subvaluationist theories: their similarities and differences in the semantics, the resulting logics with their most characteristic features. The second reviews the super- and subvaluationist solutions to the Sorites Paradox and provides discussion on several controversies surrounding these theories. The third part introduces proof procedures for s’valuationist logics. (shrink)

El duelo anticipado es un tema al que la filosofía ha prestado muy poca atención, a diferencia de lo que ocurre con el duelo que sigue a la muerte. Una peculiaridad obvia del primero es que sucede mientras todavía existe una relación interpersonal entre el doliente y aquel por quien se duele. En este artículo examino el impacto que el duelo anticipado puede tener en dicha relación, particularmente con respecto a las actitudes reactivas de sanción, propias del conflicto interpersonal.

When engaging with magic, we are moved by seemingly impossible events that contradict what we believe to be possible in the real world. We are surprised, curious, and baffled when we cannot explain how the magic we are witnessing is possible. We generally understand the events to be illusions. But how is it possible to be moved by something we know to be unreal? This problem is related to the paradox of fiction in aesthetics. Here, we introduce the problem in (...) the domain of theatrical magic, discuss possible solutions, and present a tentative account that allows us to accommodate inconsistent, seemingly incompatible beliefs at different representational levels in the viewers’ mind. (shrink)

Two metascientific concepts that have been ― and still are ― object of philosophical analysis are the concepts of model and theory. But while the concept of scientific theory was one of the concepts to which philosophers of science devoted most attention during the 20th century, it is only in recent decades that the concept of scientific model has come to occupy a central position in philosophical reflection. However, it has done so in such a way that, at present, as (...) Jim Bogen states in the back cover of the book Scientific Models in the Philosophy of Science, by Daniela Bailer-Jones, “[t]he standard philosophical literature on the role of models in scientific reasoning is voluminous, disorganized, and confusing”. In spite of this, one of the axes that would allow us to organize at least part of this literature, and with which Bailer-Jones’ book closes, is that which is identified as one of the “contemporary philosophical issues: how theories and models relate to each other” (Bailer-Jones 2009, p. 208).That is why, in this introduction to the special issues of Metatheoria devoted to the topic of “Models and Theories in Biology”, we will present the main advances that have been made in the philosophical analysis of the concepts of model and theory in general and in biology in particular, and we will also do the same with the answers that have been given to the problem of "how theories and models relate to each other”. (shrink)

Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, Volume 31, Issue 2, Page 508-523, April 2022.

En este trabajo abordamos la trayectoria eclesiástica de Llanes y Arguelles, deteniéndonos, sobre todo, en el periodo de su pontificado como arzobispo de Sevilla. El trabajo está dividido en tres partes. Comenzamos abordando su origen familiar, formación y su etapa como obispo de Segovia. A continuación, presentamos el transcurso de los dos sexenios como arzobispo hispalense. Luego, dedicamos un apartado a las empresas artísticas de Llanes y Argüelles como arzobispo de Sevilla. Finalmente, añadimos un apéndice documental. Este estudio, además de (...) arrojar luz sobre su pontificado, es una reflexión que manifiesta el ideal de una verdadera reforma eclesial, en el contexto de unas perspectivas históricas de cambio como las que se sucedieron durante la Ilustración española, teniendo como referencia la condición de obispo Pastor que da la vida por sus ovejas, como refleja la trayectoria eclesiástica de Llanes y Argüelles. (shrink)