Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by atypical perception, including processing that is biased toward local details rather than global configurations. This bias may impact on memory. The present study examined the effect of this perception on both implicit (Experiment 1) and explicit (Experiment 2) memory in conditions that promote either local or global processing. The first experiment consisted of an object identification priming task using two distinct encoding conditions: one favoring local processing (Local condition) and the other favoring global (...) processing (Global condition) of drawings. The second experiment focused on episodic (explicit) memory with two different cartoon recognition tasks that favored either local (i.e., processing specific details) or a global processing (i.e., processing each cartoon as a whole). In addition, all the participants underwent a general clinical cognitive assessment aimed at documenting their cognitive profile and enabling correlational analyses with experimental memory tasks. Seventeen participants with ASD and 17 typically developing (TD) controls aged from 10 to 16 years participated to the first experiment and 13 ASD matched with 13 TD participants were included for the second experiment. Experiment 1 confirmed the preservation of priming effects in ASD but, unlike the Comparison group, the ASD group did not increase his performance as controls after a globally oriented processing. Experiment 2 revealed that local processing led to difficulties in discriminating lures from targets in a recognition task when both lures and targets shared common details. The correlation analysis revealed that these difficulties were associated with processing speed and inhibition. These preliminary results suggest that natural perceptual processes oriented toward local information in ASD may impact upon their implicit memory by preventing globally oriented processing in time-limited conditions and induce confusion between explicit memories that share common details. (shrink)

Les travaux de Patrice Bret occupent une place centrale en histoire des sciences et en histoire des techniques. Ce livre entend les mettre à l'honneur, qu'il s'agisse de l'histoire des savoirs académiques, du régime techno-politique du XVIIIe siècle, des interactions entre savants et praticiens à l'heure de la chimie lavoisienne, des circulations culturelles et des traductions ou encore de la place des femmes de sciences. Les contributions réunies dans ce volume illustrent, par leur diversité, l'influence de Patrice Bret (...) dans la communauté historienne. Nous proposons ainsi de mettre en perspective son oeuvre en la replaçant dans un contexte intellectuel, scientifique et épistémologique. Un constat s'impose : loin de distinguer entre les approches conceptuelles, érudites et méthodologiques, Patrice Bret joue un rôle de premier plan dans un milieu scientifique qui a choisi de conjuguer le renouvellement des questionnements avec la production d'instruments de recherche et les interrogations de repérage, de dénomination, d'identification, seules à même de contrer les récits téléologiques qui ont longtemps prévalu dans ce domaine. Si l'histoire des sciences et l'histoire des techniques sont de nos jours à l'avant-poste du renouvellement de la science historique, c'est aussi grâce au rôle de passeur de Patrice Bret. (shrink)

An adequate analysis of experiences and situations specific to women, especially mothering, requires consideration of women's difference. A focus on women's difference, however, jeopardizes feminism's claims of women's equal individualist subjectivity, and risks recuperating the inequality and oppression of women, especially the view that all women should be mothers, want to be mothers, and are most happy being mothers. This book considers how thinkers including Simone de Beauvoir, Julia Kristeva, Nancy Choderow and Adrienne Rich struggle to negotiate this dilemma of (...) difference in analyzing mothering, encompassing the paradoxes concerning embodiment, gender and representation they encounter. Patrice Di Quinzio shows that mothering has been and will continue to be an intractable problem for feminist theory itself, and suggests the political usefulness of an explicitly paradoxical politics of mothering. (shrink)

An adequate analysis of experiences and situations specific to women, especially mothering, requires consideration of women's difference. A focus on women's difference, however, jeopardizes feminism's claims of women's equal individualist subjectivity, and risks recuperating the inequality and oppression of women, especially the view that all women should be mothers, want to be mothers, and are most happy being mothers. This book considers how thinkers including Simone de Beauvoir, Julia Kristeva, Nancy Choderow and Adrienne Rich struggle to negotiate this dilemma of (...) difference in analyzing mothering, encompassing the paradoxes concerning embodiment, gender and representation they encounter. Patrice Di Quinzio shows that mothering has been and will continue to be an intractable problem for feminist theory itself, and suggests the political usefulness of an explicitly paradoxical politics of mothering. (shrink)

The concept of ‘problem’ has been recently promoted by the official academic institutions and put at the centre of a new field of research, self-styled ‘transdisciplinary studies’, in order to provide a foundation to a resolutely transdisciplinary approach to research and thought in general. The paper notes that the same move (i.e. connecting a problem-centred approach to thought with transdisciplinary method) can be found in Deleuze’s philosophy, which provides us with what the technocratic image of thought advocated by transdisciplinary studies (...) ultimately cannot provide: a positive concept of problems where those are not negative moments but originary and active matrices of thought. It then argues that Deleuze owes this concept to the French epistemological tradition, and more specifically to Bachelard, where it is nothing other than the concept of structure. It ends by explicating what particular version of structuralism Deleuze was thus led to construct in order to account for the role of problems in a radically transdisciplinary account of thought: it is the fact that all structures are multi-structured that grounds the essentially transdisciplinary nature of thought. The fact that we could think differently is precisely what makes us think. (shrink)

Patrice Bergeron « Nous avons besoin de reconnaître la ville à partir d’un regard contemplatif, c’est-à-dire un regard de foi qui découvre ce Dieu qui habite dans ses maisons, dans ses rues, sur ses places » (François, Exhortation apostolique Evangelii Gaudium, 24 novembre 2013, no 71). Il y a une bonne part d’audace dans cette interpellation, car la « présence de Dieu » en ville ne saute pas nécessairement aux yeux, plus encore lorsqu’on y cherche le Dieu Sauveur. Néanmoins, (...) que voit-on de Dieu dans ces villes aux mille visages, quand on ose le chercher? Qu’est-ce qui caractérise une telle démarche de discernement spirituel? Autrement dit, que voit-on et comment voit-on? Telles sont les questions que cet article explore théologiquement à partir d’une série de témoignages écrits par des chrétiennes et des chrétiens formés aux « Exercices spirituels ignatiens » qui, au coeur de leur ville de résidence sur différents continents, ont été invités à contempler en marchant. L’analyse de ces témoignages permet non seulement d’éclairer le croire chrétien en acte et le travail du regard interprétant au coeur de l’espace urbain, elle montre aussi comment un tel regard parvient à discerner des traces de la grâce au coeur de l’ambivalence urbaine. (shrink)

PATRICE PHILIE | : Cet article a pour objectif d’examiner le rôle des intuitions dans le cadre du problème de la justification des lois logiques de base. Une revue des différentes conceptions de l’intuition permet de mettre les choses en place et d’identifier la conception qui convient le mieux au problème — c’est une conception modale qui sera retenue. Je soumettrai ensuite cette conception à un examen critique, lequel se fera en deux temps. D’une part, il s’agira de montrer (...) la difficulté d’en arriver à une formulation plausible de la conception modale. Je soulèverai d’autre part certains problèmes qui surgissent, même si l’on fait le pari que la question de la formulation peut être résolue. En définitive, je soutiens que, lorsqu’il s’agit d’utiliser les intuitions comme fondement de la connaissance des lois logiques de base, nous devons adopter une conception modale, laquelle n’est pas en mesure de remplir son rôle. Le recours aux intuitions est donc voué à l’échec en épistémologie de la logique. | : This article examines the role of intuitions as they pertain to the problem of the justification of basic logical laws. To begin with, a review of the various conceptions of the nature of intuitions is made in order to set things up and to identify the conception that is most appropriate to the problem at hand — it will be shown that a modal conception is required. I will then examine this conception and submit it to a two-pronged criticism. Firstly, I will raise important difficulties when it comes to formulate a plausible account of the modal conception. Secondly, I will attempt to establish that even if the formulation problem were to be overcome, there is still a whole battery of difficulties facing the modal conception. In sum, I hold that when it comes to using intuitions as the foundation of our knowledge of basic logical laws, we have no choice but to embrace a modal conception — and the latter is unable to deliver its promises. Hence, the appeal to intuitions is bound to fail in the epistemology of logic. (shrink)

On an internalist account of logical inference, we are warranted in drawing conclusions from accepted premises on the basis of our knowledge of logical laws. Lewis Carroll's regress challenges internalism by purporting to show that this kind of warrant cannot ground the move from premises to conclusion. Carroll's regress vindicates a repudiation of internalism and leads to the espousal of a standpoint that regards our inferential practice as not being grounded on our knowledge of logical laws. Such a standpoint can (...) take two forms. One can adopt either a broadly externalist model of inference or a sceptical stance. I will attempt, in what follows, to defend a version of internalism which is not affected by the regress. The main strategy will be to show that externalism and scepticism are not satisfying standpoints to adopt with regard to our inferential practice, and then to suggest an internalist alternative. (shrink)

The paper argues that a functional reduction of ordinary psychology to neuropsychology is possible by means of constructing fine-grained functional, mental sub-types that are coextensive with neuropsychological types. We establish this claim by means of considering as examples the cases of the disconnection syndrome and schizophrenia. We point out that the result is a conservative reduction, vindicating the scientific quality of the mental types of ordinary psychology by systematically linking them with neuroscience. That procedure of conservative reduction by means of (...) functional sub-types is in principle repeatable down to molecular neuroscience. (shrink)

À partir des vidéos graffitis de Guillermo Gomez-Peña, récemment produites, on examine l'usage des rituels de la vie quotidienne et leur théâtralisation. Gomez-Peña est un Mexicain vivant aux États-Unis depuis vingt-cinq ans et qui consacre sa vie à la création de performances ayant pour thème la différence culturelle et la représentation de l'autre au moyen de stéréotypes plus ou moins assumés. Mais s'agit-il de rituels à proprement parler ou de parodies de rituels? Les différentes pratiques sont analysées et classées en (...) plusieurs catégories. L'« anthropologie inversée » consiste à observer la culture familière avec les yeux de la culture étrangères Le corps de l'acteur devient le lieu d'identités variables, il se transforme au gré des rôles à jouer. Le travail formel et esthétique est capital, non seulement pour produire des sketches qui résistent à l'interprétation immédiate et à l'actualité, mais pour faire progresser la méthode anthropologique. L'acteur théâtralise ces rituels, les organise au sein d'une mise en scène, laquelle est elle-même un graffiti qu'il faut à la fois approfondir et effacer. Ainsi la mise en scène de ces graffitis est-elle à la fois théâtrale, performative et rituelle.From graffiti videos Guillermo Gomez-Peña, recently produced examines the use of rituals of daily life and dramatization. Gomez-Peña is a Mexican living in the United States for twenty-five years and devoted his life to the creation of performances on the theme of cultural difference and the representation of the other through stereotypes more or less assumed. But is it strictly rituals or rituals parodies? Different practices are analyzed and classified into several categories. The "reverse anthropology" is to observe the familiar culture through the eyes of foreign culture The actor's body becomes the identity variables, it changes with the roles. Formal and aesthetic work is crucial not only to produce sketches that resist immediate interpretation and timeliness, but to advance the anthropological method. The actor dramatizes these rituals, organized within a scene, which is itself a graffiti need to both deepen and clear. And the staging of the graffiti it is both theatrical and performative ritual. (shrink)

Contre l’éternelle utopie, thème des conservateurs et des contrerévolutionnaires, postulant que le discours de l’utopie, identique à lui-même, revient toujours pour légitimer une société close, autoritaire et statique, négatrice de toute temporalité, et de la pluralité et de la singularité des individus, Miguel Abensour atteste de la persistance des utopies, recherche asymptotique, volontariste et sans cesse renouvelée d’en finir avec la domination, la servitude volontaire et l’exploitation, comme si chaque moment de lutte suscitait une nouvelle sommation utopique au non-consentement à (...) l’ordre des choses et à la recherche d’un tout autre social, sous l’impératif d’une conversion qui lie indistinctement philosophie, utopie et émancipation humaine. (shrink)

Patrice Bergeron,Fabrice Blée,Marc Dumas,Raymond Lemieux,Jean Richard,Gérard Siegwalt.

In this paper, I evaluate recently defended mechanistic accounts of the unity of neuroscience from a metaphysical point of view. Considering the mechanistic framework in general , I argue that explanations of this kind are essentially reductive . The reductive character of mechanistic explanations provides a sufficiency criterion, according to which the mechanism underlying a certain phenomenon is sufficient for the latter. Thus, the concept of supervenience can be used in order to describe the relation between mechanisms and phenomena . (...) Against this background, I show that the mechanistic framework is subject to the causal exclusion problem and faces the classical metaphysical options when it comes to the relations obtaining between different levels of mechanisms . Finally, an attempt to improve the metaphysics of mechanisms is made and further difficulties are pointed out. (shrink)

Structuralism is often associated with a program, in keeping with the Durkheimian tradition, of reducing social norms to a kind of causality. On this reading, Émile Durkheim's collective representations became, in Claude Lévi-Strauss' work, cognitive or logical constraints. If so, then structuralism falls under Wittgenstein's objections to treating rules as causes. What this article shows, however, is that this reading of structuralism is misguided. The necessity and justification of introducing structural methods, first in linguistics and then in anthropology, as well (...) as the general concept of the sign, were rooted in the perception of a problem too often overlooked: that of the characterization of the data in the social and cultural sciences. Just as Saussure showed that the real problem of linguistics is not, what does it mean? but what are the units of language?, so Lévi-Strauss showed that social sciences should not be concerned with the causes of human behaviors but instead with the categorization of actions. In both cases, it appears that an individual action is the actualization of a common practice, habit, or custom that, itself, cannot be reduced to a set of observable features but must be defined by its differential position in a system. Structural anthropology thus leads to a truly ontological problem, which resonates interestingly today, in the context of the “ontological turn.”. (shrink)

Recognition is not only a response to social pathologies. It is also an unstable and often ambivalent relationship that has its own pathologies. Owing to the intertwining between recognition and power, certain forms of recognition turn out to be forms of alienation in or from the world. Such pathologies affect inter-individual recognition as well as the recognition between individuals and the socio-political institutions. The article proposes a joint reading of Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit and Philosophy of Right, which provide norms (...) for identifying and dealing with these pathologies. The norm for inter-individual recognition is set out in the Phenomenology of Spirit, the norm for state/citizen recognition in the Philosophy of Right. The analysis envisages two other aspects of recognition: the interference of the ‘I–Me’ with the ‘I–You’ relationship and the incorporation of the ‘I–We’ into the ‘We–Us' dimension of recognition. As regards the interpretation of Hegel’s practical philosophy, the article analyses the link between Hegel’s concept of recognition and his theory of action. In this view, the highest form of recognition has more to do with reconciliation – reconciliation between human beings, reconciliation with the ‘finitude of action’ – than with the problematic of individual and collective identity. (shrink)

This work presents a mathematical model describing the interactions between the cross-shore structure of small pelagic fish population an their exploitation by coastal and offshore fisheries. The complete model is a system of seven ODE’s governing three stocks of small pelagic fish population moving and growing between three zones. Two types of fishing fleets are inter-acting with the fish population, industrial boats, constrained to offshore area, and artisanal boats, operating from the shore. Two time scales were considered and we use (...) aggregation methods that allow us to reduce the dimension of the model and to obtain an aggregated model, which is a four dimension one. The analysis of the aggregated model is performed. We discuss the possible equilibriums and their meaning in terms of fishery management. An interesting equilibrium state can be obtained for which we can expect coexistence and a stable equilibrium state between fish stocks and fishing efforts. Some identification parameters are also given in the discussion part of the model. (shrink)

L’article présente la structure et l’histoire des quatre listes monumentales de magistrats de Thasos. Les deux premières furent gravées vers 360 et complétées pendant une quarantaine d’années. Les deux suivantes furent gravées vers 320, reprenant le contenu des précédentes, et tenues à jour jusqu’à l’époque impériale. Ces inscriptions font l’objet d’un projet de republication. Le bloc Recherches I, 36, appartenant à la Grande Liste des théores, doit se placer dans les colonnes du ive s. L’article étudie une section datée de (...) 334‑326 et propose une analyse prosopographique. Parmi ces théores figure un certain Aristoleôs, qui doit être le leader des partisans de Philippe II (Dém. XVIII 197). Un autel du « Roi Philippe Sauveur », publié ici, illustre l’entrée de Thasos dans l’hégémonie macédonienne. La gravure des deux grandes listes de magistrats pourrait se placer dans le même contexte. (shrink)

Le programme de la sociologie française semble lié à celui d’une réduction du phénomène de l’obligation à un genre de causalité. Le structuralisme de Lévi-Strauss n’aurait fait que déplacer le niveau où il faut chercher ces contraintes : impossibilités de pensée plus qu’interdits sociaux, leur nécessité serait comparable à la logique. Mais il s’exposerait là aux critiques formulées par Wittgenstein. Cet article montre que le véritable apport du structuralisme est plutôt d’avoir mis en évidence un problème à la fois méthodologique (...) et philosophique commun à toutes les « sciences de la culture », qui porte sur la nature même de leurs « observables » : de même que Saussure montre que le problème de la linguistique n’est pas celui du sens, mais de la détermination même des signes, de même Lévi-Strauss, dans les Mythologiques, montre que le problème des sciences sociales n’est pas celui des causes du comportement mais de la catégorisation même de l’acte ou de l’usage, problème que la méthode statistique mise au point par Durkheim dans Le Suicide ne résout pas, et que la philosophie ignore souvent. (shrink)

International relations are made up of thick layers of meaning and big streams of data. How can we capture the nuances and scales of increasingly digitalised world politics, taking advantage of the possibilities that come with ‘big data’ and ‘digital methods’ in our discipline of International Relations? What is needed, we argue, is a methodological twin-move of making big data thick and thick data big. Taking diplomacy, one of IR's core practices as our case, we illustrate how anthropological and computational (...) approaches can be merged in IR research. We report from our experiences with the project DIPLOFACE: Diplomatic Face-Work between Confidential Negotiations and Public Display, investigating how digital communication technologies influence both the study and conduct of age-old and traditionally analogue practices of inter-state diplomacy. (shrink)

Des documents nouveaux permettent de progresser dans la connaissance des sections tardives des listes de magistrats thasiens, jusqu’ici mal connues. À la basse époque hellénistique, on observe, chez les théores, un phénomène intéressant de duplication : plusieurs collèges figurent à la fois dans la Grande Liste des théores et dans des inscriptions indépendantes, à caractère commémoratif. Trois nouvelles inscriptions de ce type sont ici publiées. Elles permettent de formuler une hypothèse sur la structure de la colonne 14 de la Grande (...) Liste, qui correspond au dernier tiers du iie s. av. J.‑C. Un phénomène analogue de duplication s’observe dans la Grande Liste des archontes au ier s. apr. J.‑C. : à cette époque, les archontes portent, pour la plupart, le titre de « philokaisar kai philopatris », qui doit avoir un lien avec le culte impérial. (shrink)

Thierry Patrice, 57 ans, médecin, nommé professeur à 32 ans, Lauréat de la Faculté, est internationalement connu pour ses travaux concernant l'action de la lumière sur les tissus vivant en cancérologie. Il a reçu plusieurs Prix pour l'étude du rôle de l'oxygène dans différentes maladies, dont le diabète, mais aussi lors du vieillissement.

A collection of essays representing diverse approaches to feminist ethical analysis of social policy. Subjects include the Family and Medical Leave Act, combat exclusion and the role of women in the military, unwed fathers' rights, mail-order brides, pornography, breast implants, and sex-selective abortion. Paper edition (unseen), $17.95. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.

Deontic logic handles not only deontic modalities, but also alethic and temporal ones. In addition, individuals like authorities and addressees play an important role. R5-D5 is a system handling alethic, deontic and temporal modalities, whose adequacy has been proved in an earlier paper. Similarly for KD*UXY with sets of individuals . The present article is an attempt to construct a general system mixing R5-D5 and KD*UXY.

Dans cet ouvrage, science et musique dialoguent selon trois grandes lignes. La premiere est representee par la recherche des causes physiologiques de l'harmonie musicale, conformement au titre de la conference que donne Helmholtz en 1857 (expose synthetique des idees qu'il reprendra dans sa tres fameuse Theorie physiologique de la musique), et par la presentation populaire pour les musiciens qu'en propose Enst Mach, des 1866. Avec Helmholtz, le son acquiert une place centrale pour la musique - le son tel qu'entendu par (...) l'oreille, avec toute sa richesse harmonique - et la dissonance, qui n'est plus un simple rate de la consonance, devient des lors la cle de toute theorie musicale. Mais qu'en est-il aujourd'hui de la theorie physiologique de Helmholtz? Son examen par Patrice Bailhache, a l'aune de l'acoustique actuelle, forme la seconde ligne de force du present livre. Et la troisieme, retenue par Antonia Soulez, est celle tracee par Carl Dalhaus, qui en 1970, voit dans la demarche de Helmholtz une mise en question inaugurale de la naturalite d'un systeme de sons. C'est la musique qui, alors, questionne la science: quelle pertinence ces considerations sur la dissonance et ses causes, conservent-elles face au regne du timbre et de la dissonance depuis la musique atonale et le dodecaphonisme? (shrink)

La logique déontique est la science formelle du devoir-être, comme la simple logique est celle du raisonnement en général.

Wherever you turn your eyes the world can shine like transfiguration. You don’t have to bring a thing to it except a little willingness to see. Only, who could have the courage to see it?—Marilynne RobinsonMarilynne Robinson, Gilead (London: Virago Press, 2004), p. 280.Preamble: Going the Bloody Hard WayThe writings of Pamela Sue Anderson and Gillian Howie have been, and continue to be, important in helping to shape the development of my own philosophical vision. Yet my commitment to (a fairly (...) traditional) theism marks a point of departure between my work and theirs. Given their quite reasonable disinclination to persist with traditional theism, especially its concept of divine transcendence,Not only does an uncritical approach to the theistic conception of divine transcendence serve to sacralise hierarchical relationship between men and women, such that the latter is subordinate to the former, it also, as Anderson reminds us, sustains epistemic and practical norms that quietly yet pot. (shrink)

This paper is the first outline of a reflection on the notion of moderation, which is at the center of contemporary debates: moderation in consumption, moderation in the exploitation of natural resources, ideological and political moderation, and so on. I first consider moderation as opposed to excess, then moderation as opposed to political radicalization. I then develop the idea that moderation has different meanings depending on the domains or “spheres” in which we use the word. In the socio-economic sphere, moderation (...) involves rational calculation, while in historical-cultural communities it is a tradition-based ethical practice. A third sphere to consider when exploring the uses and meanings of the concept of moderation is the political sphere. To do this, I turn to Aristotle’s theories of ethical judgment and phronesis in relation to his conception of the political way of life. (shrink)

In The Order of Things (OT), Foucault recounts the birth and imminent death of Man as an object of study for science and philosophy. Foucault's point is that this very notion of “Man” is dependent on a particular transformation in the history of Being. The mere formulation of this hypothesis opens up a whole series of questions. First, is it true that Man has only become an object of concern in the late eighteenth century. Secondly, if Man has indeed only (...) recently become an object of theoretical interest, is Foucault's description and explanation of this process correct. Thirdly, why should we overcome the concept of “ Man”. Fourthly, in what sense was structuralism deemed to help us overcoming the limitations of this paradigm. In conclusion, if OT has to be overcome, it seems that it should be on grounds slightly different from those usually advanced. (shrink)

There are two approaches to logic, semantic and axiomatic. In 1910's, when C.I. Lewis wrote his first papers on modal logic, he adopted the axiomatic approach, the sole one apparently available. The situation remained identical during about forty years, until Kanger, Kripke, and Hintikka discovered the so-called possible worlds semantics. A new flourishing “paradigmatic” period began, and it became possible to define soundness and completeness in modal logic. Unfortunately , however, this period did not go on for more than twenty (...) years. “Strange” systems appeared, which were impossible to be defined semantically and so soundness and completeness were lost again. (shrink)

W ostatnich latach wraz z rozwojem nauk komputerowych, pojawiło się wiele programów mających wspomagać nauczanie logiki. Większość z tych programowań służy do sprawdzania rachunków, a nic do dowodzenia twierdzeń, ponieważ zgodnie ze znanym twierdzeniem Godła, nie istnieje procedura rozstrzygalności twierdzeń rachunku pierwszego rzędu. Kilka metatwierdzeń, w których jednym jest twierdzenie Godła, tłumaczy dlaczego dysponujemy dobrymi systemami dedukcji naturalnej, mimo że tak trudno jest (a faktycznie nie można) znaleźć „inteligentną" procedurę dowodzenia formuł. W artykule przedstawiono drogę uzyskania częściowego systemu dowodzenia twierdzeń (...) za pomocą procedury unifikacji, dla której załączono program komputerowy w języku pascal. (shrink)

La relation entre privé et public est thématisée par Hannah Arendt et par Eric Weil sous des angles différents. Notre intérêt est de trouver dans la manière dont les auteurs élaborent les problèmes de la relation privé-public, quelques propositions pour comprendre la situation moderne de l’individu. La confrontation de la phénoménologie arendtienne et de la philosophie réflexive et formelle de Weil nous conduit à entrevoir le problème du rapport de la réflexion au concret, qui en l’occurrence est celui de la (...) vie dans l’Etat : le problème méthodologique est lié au problème politique. (shrink)

Some philosophers dispute the claim that there is a notion of logical necessity involved in the concept of logical consequence. They are sceptical about logical necessity. They argue that a proper characterisation of logical consequence - of what follows from what - need not and should not appeal to the notion of necessity at all. Quine is the most prominent philosopher holding such a view. In this doctoral dissertation, I argue that scepticism about logical necessity is not successful. Quine's scepticism (...) takes three forms. Firstly, he is often interpreted as undermining, in his classic paper 'Two Dogmas of Empiricism', the very intelligibility of notions such as meaning, necessity, and analyticity. If the notion of necessity is meaningless, it is clear that ascriptions of logical necessity are also meaningless. In the thesis, I defend Quine's criticism of these notions by situating it in its historical context and emphasising that the real target in those writings is not the intelligibility of these notions as such, but only their Platonistic interpretation. I agree with Quine that a good theory about meaning, necessity, or analyticity must avoid such an ontological commitment. Secondly, Quine advocates, in the same paper, a holistic picture of knowledge and claims that in this picture, ascriptions of logical necessity are superfluous. I then show that holism a la Quine is committed to admit the necessity of statements of logical consequence. Thirdly, there is Quine's substitutional account of logical consequence ). He contends that this theory makes no use of logical necessity, thus showing its superfluousness. I show that any plausible account of logical consequence needs to appeal to logical necessity, thus undercutting Quine's claim - and, more generally, undercutting scepticism about logical necessity. (shrink)

La vie et l'art? Quel lien d'authenticité peut-on dresser de l'un à l'autre? Où cesse la représentation et où commence l'incarnation? Quand le vécu prend-il chair? C'est à ces questions que répond le philosophe Patrice Guillamaud dans un traité d'esthétique fondamentale où le cinéma apparaît non pas comme la synthèse des arts, mais l'art en son essence. Ce postulat repose sur un double paradoxe. A la fois affect et relativisation, la vie intérieure est aspiration à l'absolu et renoncement à (...) l'absolu, sortie de soi qui reste paradoxalement en dedans de soi. Ainsi, cette vie, cette extase interne procède par renonciation. Or, l'art qui incarne par excellence la vie renonciatrice, c'est le cinéma. Dans la mesure où il se veut art de l'espace, mais englobé et dynamisé par le temps, le cinéma est la réalité charnelle de cette extase interne, en tant qu'absolu de la renonciation. Passant de Renoir à Dreyer, de Mizoguchi à Godard, Patrice Guillaumaud montre pourquoi et comment se tient là, universelle, la vérité des grandes oeuvres cinématographiques. Une relecture spéculative du VIIe art qui passe également en revue les grandes interrogations métaphysiques. (shrink)

“Paris, Capital of the Nineteenth Century” juxtaposes elliptical descriptions that reveal the interiorization of commodities in the economy of high capitalism. “Allegory in the nineteenth century vacated the outer world, to colonize the inner world.”32 Each of the exposé’s six sections consists of two parts: “Fourier, or the Arcades,” “Daguerre, or the Panoramas,” “Grandville, or the World Exhibitions,” “Louis-Philippe, or the Interior,” “Baudelaire, or the Streets of Paris,” “Haussmann, or the Baricades.”33The commercial arcade and not the factory is the logical (...) starting point for Benjamin. Paris, like London, the other capital of nineteenth-century capitalism, is an administrative and financial but not an industrial center. Paris is the locus classicus of bourgeois culture, which finds its most conspicuous expression in the arcade. The arcade cuts through and commercializes the residential block. It harnesses the technology of cast-iron “Pompeian” pillars, to offer in its enticing bay windows the latest, most sophisticated form of bourgeois merchandising. Fourier houses his “land of Cockaigne” in a “reactionary modification” of the arcade.34Parallel to the technical innovation of the arcades is that of the lifelike painted panoramas, which serve Jacques-Louis David’s pupils when they “draw from nature.” Politically superior, the city still dreams of the country. “The panoramas, which declare a revolution in the relation of art to technology, are at the same time an expression of a new feeling about life.”35 They drive a wedge between “plastic foreground” and “informational base.” The worker in the literary panorama is “a trimming for an idyll.” Technical innovations in photography reduce the representational significance of painting. Now photography “is given the task of making discoveries”: it explores the sewers and catacombs. It markets events. With impressionism and cubism, painting in turn transcends bourgeois conceptions of realism. 32. “Die Allegorie hat im neunzehnten Jahrhundert die Umwelt geräumt, um sich in der Innenwelt anzusiedeln” .33. Adorno objects to the use of people’s names in these titles and suggests that objects like dust or plush would bemore illuminating. Benjamin retains the names to evoke bourgeois interiorization. Louis-Philippe, however, is anomalous, since he is emblem rather than allegorist; the true allegorist of the “Louis-Philippe, or the Interior” section is the collector. Otherwise, the organization is strictly symmetrical: Benjamin discusses Charles Fourier, Louis Daguerre, and Grandville at the end of the sections in which they appear, the others at the beginning.34. Trans. Jephcott, p. 148. “Das Schlaraffenland,” “ihre reaktionäre Umbildung” . Anne Higonnet, formerly a student at the Ecole du Louvre, is a graduate student of art history at Yale University. Margaret Higonnet, professor of English and comparative literature at the University of Connecticut, has written on Romantic and modern literary theory. Patrice Higonnet is Goelet Professor of French History at Harvard University. He has written on the French Revolution and, with Margaret Higonnet, is coauthor of a forthcoming book on suicide in eighteenth-century France. (shrink)