Jung’s concept of the collective unconscious is grounded in the concept of archetype, which he derived from Neoplatonic philosophy. This term has penetrated into subsequent psychological and culturological concepts, becoming popular nowadays in the context of research on culture due to its connection with the symbol, myth, image. Most researchers of Jung’s work forget that this concept appeared in his texts relatively late, and at that time the psychiatrist had already been developing his thought for almost twenty years. He created (...) the concept of the collective unconscious and its main assumptions without this seemingly key concept. Others were used instead, i.e. the primary image, pre-image, imago, psychic dominant. The aim of the article is to show the differences in meaning between the term archetype and earlier concepts, to explain its relationship with the image, and to indicate the philosophical and anthropological grounds on which Jung based his psychoanalytic thought. (shrink)

This article is devoted to one of the most important discoveries of Jerzy Grotowski, the total act, a specific kind of action and experience. It was created as part of theatrical practice, but apart from the function related to the dramaturgy of performances, it had a higher purpose, associated with the search for the essence of humanity and sources of experience of reality. Jerzy Grotowski sought to transform actors and observers, open them to what is authentic, alive and present. This (...) achievement was a kind of experience in which the sacrum and the profanum are overcome. The total act allowed "to become watched” and, paradoxically, allowed to participate in the duality of passive action, in which man becomes an observer and agent at the same time. My goal is to describe the role of the principle of coexistence of opposites in the work of J. Grotowski. I am describing the total act as an opportunity to reach an experience of reality in which the mind and the body merge with each other. Man as a psychophysical unity precedes all differences in this archetypal experience, he is able to reach the very center of his own self, that which Jung called Selbst. (shrink)

Zgodnie z klasycznym podejściem kultura jest przeciwieństwem natury, a człowiek jako istota przekształcająca świat jest motorem rozwoju cywilizacji. Pisma C. G. Junga zawierają nieklasyczną koncepcję kultury, zgodnie z którą nieświadomość zbiorowa determinuje sposób interpretacji i rozumienia rzeczywistości, a tym samym rozwój kultury. Psychiatra uważał człowieka za istotę tworzącą symbole. Pisał o „popędzie symbolu”, który sprawia, że powstają one spontanicznie. Istnieje związek między działaniem instynktów, które mają podłoże biologiczne, a archetypowym źródłem symboli. W nieświadomości tkwią siły natury – w szczególności popęd (...) libido i instynkty. Kultura powstaje pomiędzy nieświadomością a świadomością, a przy tym proces jej rozwoju ma aspekt gatunkowy. (shrink)