Este artículo se centra en el gozo intelectual spinoziano. Después de un breve repaso de un libro de Jorge Wagensberg sobre la experiencia del gozo intelectual, aludo al fenómeno contrario: el pensamiento sombrío y el pesimismo. Después, remarco la defensa de Spinoza del gozo del conocimiento y su poder contra la tristeza y el pesimismo. Finalmente, analizo el peculiar gozo intelectual en Spinoza y conecto este gozo con la experiencia de eternidad y su expresión a través de categorías espaciales.

La paradójica Revolución francesa sigue siendo objeto de estudio y fascinación en nuestra época, y mucho más ahora, en estos tiempos de aguas revueltas en la política, de populismos a diestra y siniestra, de confusiones ideológicas e ignorancias y olvidos de la más elemental cultura democrática, así como de los entramados históricos que nos han costado nuestras libertades. Por eso, se agradece que el profesor Francisco Javier Espinosa Antón haya traducido y editado con mimo una excelente antología de textos de (...) uno de los personajes más emblemáticos -aunque menos conocido- de aquel proceso revolucionario, Anacharsis Cloots, defensor de una República universal y comprometido con la Revolución, pero que acabaría siendo guillotinado en 1794, engullido por el terror de Robespierre. ¿Cuáles fueron los avatares en su vida que lo llevaron al ardor revolucionario? En realidad, se llamaba Joannes Baptista Cloots, barón de Gnadenthal, nacido en 1755 en el castillo del mismo nombre y propiedad de su familia, de estirpe holandesa y católica, dedicada a las fianzas e instalada en Prusia. Eligió el nombre de Anacharsis, por ser el de un filósofo escita que conoció la república ateniense y defendió el ideal de la unificación de Grecia, Escitia y Oriente, allá por el siglo VI a.c. Ese mismo impulso republicano y universalista será el motor de todos los discursos de Cloots. Culto, cosmopolita, estuvo presente en París inmediatamente después de la toma de la Bastilla, y en la capital francesa vivió intensamente aquellos turbulentos años. El hecho concreto que marcó su entrada en la escena política fue el siguiente: el 19 de junio de 1790 accedió a la Asamblea nacional encabezando un grupo de 36 extranjeros, y sus palabras fueron: "Venimos de Europa, venimos de Asia, venimos de América. Somos la Humanidad". El discurso de Cloots causó una viva impresión y fue bautizado como "el orador del género humano". En 1792 obtuvo la nacionalidad francesa, al igual que Paine, Bentham o Washington. A continuación fue elegido diputado de la Convención y se publicó su obra más destacada, La República universal. Sus discursos enardecidos, de lenguaje 568 Pilar Benito Olalla Araucaria. Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofía, Política, Humanidades y Relaciones Internacionales, año 22, nº 43. Primer semestre de 2020. Pp. 567-570. ISSN 1575-6823 e-ISSN 2340-2199 https://dx.doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2020.i43.28 directo y pegados a la más viva actualidad, tenían un amplio eco en sus conciudadanos. Pero las disensiones e intrigas dentro del grupo jacobino al cual pertenecía se convirtieron en una trampa mortal. Y la sombra alargada del paranoico Robespierre tendió sus redes para acusarlo de "ser barón, alemán y rico, traidor y conspirador contra la República", como muy bien nos cuenta el profesor Espinosa Antón. Un juicio injusto condujo derecho al patíbulo a este jacobino prusiano, galófilo y ateo. (shrink)

SummaryA conception of numerical identity is introduced which, in accordance with a transcendental or imposition view of language, treats an identity predicate as having an ontologically generative function by genuinely being involved in the generation or construction of its domain of discourse. The proposed conception also allows for a plurality of identity predicates, each of which generating a domain, and it allows for the possibility that some such domains may not be unifiable with each other. All of these informal notions (...) are explicated in formal terms. Finally, a comparison to Scott and Fourman's intuitionistic conception of identity is made. (shrink)

ABSTRACT My aim in this paper is to present a pluralist thesis about the inferential role of logical constants, which embraces classical, relevant, linear and ordered logic. That is, I defend that a logical constant c has more than one correct inferential role. The thesis depends on a particular interpretation of substructural logics' vocabulary, according to which classical logic captures the literal meaning of logical constants and substructural logics encode a pragmatically enriched sense of those connectives. The paper is divided (...) into four parts: first, I introduce the motivation for the pluralist thesis of the paper; second I introduce the calculus for the different logics endorsed in the pluralist thesis; third, I motivate how the different behaviors of the logical vocabulary of these logics can be pragmatically interpreted, and fourth, I motivate how the different inferential roles that each substructural logic attribute to logical constants can coexist, and how we should reason with a logical constant c given this plurality. (shrink)

Across languages, we find indefinites that overtly mark a speaker’s lack of knowledge: they signal that the speaker is unable to give any further information about who or what satisfies her existential claim (Becker, 1999; Haspelmath, 1997). From now on, we will refer to the marking of the speaker’s lack of knowledge as an epistemic effect and to the indefinites that induce epistemic effects as epistemic indefinites.

This paper deals with the interpretation and distribution of universal Free Choice (FC) items, such as English FC any or Spanish cualquiera. Crosslinguistically, universal FC items can be characterized as follows. First, they have a restricted distribution. Second, they express freedom of choice: the sentence You can take any card conveys the information that the addressee is free to pick whichever card she chooses. Under standard assumptions, the truth conditions of sentences like You can take any card are taken to (...) be captured by formalizations in which a universal quantifier ranging over individuals has wide scope over the possibility modal. The crucial observation that informs the account in this paper is that this type of formalization cannot capture the freedom of choice component. I will argue that in order to derive the right interaction between possibility modals and FC items, we need to add an exclusiveness condition to the standard wide scope paraphrases. The same proposal that guarantees freedom of choice will automatically account for the distribution restrictions of FC items. The formal implementation of this proposal is cast in the Hamblin semantics proposed in Kratzer and Shimoyama (Indeterminate phrases: The view from Japanese, 2002). (shrink)

In line with its institutional commitments and in order to strengthen the relevance of its business education program in addressing the persistent social challenges facing the Philippines, Mission University revised its Master of Business Administration curriculum in 2012. A core change in the curriculum was the incorporation of action research training and the requirement for graduation of implementing and defending an action research project. The introduction of action research, which is based on critical realist philosophy of science, was intended to (...) enable the university’s MBA graduates to become reflexive and humanistic agents of change in their work contexts through the application of observation, critical reflection, collaborative analysis and action and scholarly skills. The implementation of the action research requirement is beginning to yield positive results based on the types of projects implemented by the students and their resulting sense of efficacy in the workplace. Challenges in implementation include the need to further hone student skills in pursuing more emancipatory projects and the need to further orient faculty in the critical realist philosophy underlying action research, as distinct from traditional positivism. (shrink)

Dentro de la sociología francesa actual, Gilles Lipovetsky se ha convertido de forma paulatina en uno de los sociólogos con mayor proyección internacional, con sus finos análisis sobre las sociedades postmodernas. En este artículo se plantea una revisión crítica de las principales líneas argumentativas que expone el autor francés. El objetivo es el de reflexionar sobre las limitaciones de su aproximación a los conceptos de postmodernidad, hipermodernidad, y consumo.

Recientemente se ha encontrado una copia de la obra al-garib al-muntaqà min kalm ahl al-tuqà, hasta ahora desaparecida. En el manuscrito la autoría del Muntaqà se atribuye a Ibn Masarra. En este artículo se muestra que su más probable autor, según indican las fuentes, es Ibn Jamis al-Yaburi, importante eslabón en la historia del sufismo andalusí. Se analizan además la estructura y el contenido de esta obra ascético-mística que Ibn Jamis transmitió al cadí �Iya? de Ceuta.

Este artículo trata de mostrar cómo la fenomenología husserliana fue desplegando progresivamente el campo fenomenológico. Ese proceso llevó en las Investigaciones lógicas a aunar lo categorial y lo sensible. Más adelante, los análisis de la conciencia interna del tiempo llevaron tanto a abrir lo dado en la presencia a horizontes pro-re-tencionales, como a introducir la relación ego-alter ego y consciente-inconsciente en tanto que constitutivas de la trascendencia del objeto. De ese modo, el despliegue fenomenológico acabará despejando, en el marco genético (...) de una intersubjetividad intermonádica, el mundo que, en un primer momento, la epojé había puesto entre paréntesis. (shrink)

The epistemic, moral and political dimensions of Argentine anarchist writer Alberto Ghiraldo’s aesthetic discourse are examined here. This analysis is based upon his views of Jose Martí’s life and work as regards Ghiraldo’s attempt to edit the Cuban writer complete works ever since 1925. We hold Ghiraldo’s intent to give an epistemic and moralizing function to his writing tends to lose sight of the contingent forms of political articulation, and thus to dehistoricize practices on behalf benefit of the configuration of (...) an eschatological maximalism. (shrink)

In this paper we mainly study preservation theorems for two fragments of the infinitary languagesLκκ, withκregular, without the equality symbol: the universal Horn fragment and the universal strict Horn fragment. In particular, whenκisω, we obtain the corresponding theorems for the first-order case.The universal Horn fragment of first-order logic (with equality) has been extensively studied; for references see [10], [7] and [8]. But the universal Horn fragment without equality, used frequently in logic programming, has received much less attention from the model (...) theoretic point of view. At least to our knowledge, the problem of obtaining preservation results for it has not been studied before by model theorists. In spite of this, in the field of abstract algebraic logic we find a theorem which, properly translated, is a preservation result for the strict universal Horn fragment of infinitary languages without equality which, apart from function symbols, have only a unary relation symbol. This theorem is due to J. Czelakowski; see [5], Theorem 6.1, and [6], Theorem 5.1. A. Torrens [12] also has an unpublished result dealing with matrices of sequent calculi which, properly translated, is a preservation result for the strict universal Horn fragment of a first-order language. And in [2] of W. J. Blok and D. Pigozzi we find Corollary 6.3 which properly translated corresponds to our Corollary 19, but for the case of a first-order language that apart from its function symbols has only oneκ-ary relation symbol, and for strict universal Horn sentences. The study of these results is the basis for the present work. In the last part of the paper, Section 4, we will make these connections clear and obtain some of these results from our theorems. In this way we hope to make clear two things: (1) The field of abstract algebraic logic can be seen, in part, as a disguised study of universal Horn logic without equality and so has an added interest. (2) A general study of universal Horn logic without equality from a model theoretic point of view can be of help in the field of abstract algebraic logic. (shrink)

The by now famous exclusion problem for mental causation admits only one possible solution, as far as I can see, namely: that mental and physical properties are linked by a vertical relation. In this paper, starting from what I take to be sensible premises about properties, I will be visiting some general relations between them, in order to see whether, first, it is true that some vertical relationship, other than identity, makes different sorts of causation compatible and second, whether physical (...) and mental properties can be pairs of such relationship. (shrink)

ABSTRACT: According to a model defended by some authors, dispositional predicates, or concepts, can be legiti- mately used in causal explanations, but such a use is not necessary. For every explanation couched in dispo- sitional terms, there is always a better, and complete, explanation that makes use of a different vocabulary, that of categorial bases. In what follows, I will develop this view, and then argue that there is a kind of use of dispositions in explanations that does not fall (...) within this model. That is, I will argue that we would miss some explanations if we were to forsake dispositional concepts and dispositional explanations. (shrink)

Travel writing is characterized by a narrative discourse that describes landscapes, transforms adventure into a mythical journey and reveals the fears of humankind. The sea gathers momentum when the protagonists overcome the fear of death. However, the significance of the tune of sea songs has not been adequately highlighted, being relegated as side special effects that embellish the narration. The aim of this paper is to analyze the symbolical element of the songs to foreground its function in sea travel writing (...) in the English and American fiction from the 18th to the 21st century accounts, and their symbolic implication. (shrink)

Nota crítica sobre PornoXplotación: la explosión de la gran adicción de nuestros tiempos, de Mabel Lozano y Pablo J. Conellie, Barcelona, Editorial Alrevés, 2020, 286 pp.

Este texto busca traçar algumas relações iniciais entre a ascensão das sociedades de controle, conforme notado por Deleuze, e as mudanças nas relações econômicas e políticas nas sociedades mundiais na contemporaneidade, com especial atenção ao processo ocorrido no Brasil.

Las relaciones entre Teología y Filosofía son una cons-tante en la Historia de la Iglesia, porque esta ha buscado especial-mente el diálogo con los rastreado-res de la Verdad. Esta convicción aparece de forma concreta en todos los planes de estudio eclesiásticos desde que estos existen; en ellos siempre ha permanecido como ejemplo a seguir el trabajo filosó-fico y teológico de Santo Tomás de Aquino; se trata de una opción filo-sófica que ensancha la razón y le da un carácter sapiencial, porque (...) no descarta nunca una respuesta coherente con sus ansias de infinito. El nuevo decreto de reforma de los estudios de filosofía para los centros de formación católicos quiere recu-perar esta herencia de sabiduría, que se basa en un modelo realista de pensamiento, porque no todos los sistemas filosóficos son válidos para la reflexión teológica. (shrink)

Destacamos el balance ugarteano de la contribución histórica del modernismo hispanoamericano. El lugar que ocupa la llamada “generación de Darío” en la historia intelectual de América Latina es significativo por su papel determinante en la construcción de la figura del intelectual latinoamericano. La dinámica estatuida por la modernización continental a fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX promovió la autonomización del campo literario. Este hecho produjo una serie de modificaciones de la práctica de los intelectuales que operó como condición (...) de posibilidad de un discurso que acentuó las expectativas acerca de la eficacia histórico-política de la escritura científica, filosófica y literaria. Analizamos los tópicos en torno de los cuales se construyeron aquellas expectativas a la luz del balance que realizara el escritor argentino Manuel Ugarte en dos textos tardíos como El dolor de escribir (1933) y Escritores iberoamericanos de 1900 (1943). We emphasize the ugartean balance of the historic contribution of the Spanish-American modernism. The place that occupies the so called “Generation of Darío” in the intellectual history of Latin America is significant by its determining role in the building of the figure of the Latin-American intellectual. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century the dynamic chartered by the continental modernization promoted the autonomization of the literary field. This fact produced a series of modifications of the practice of the intellectuals that operated as a condition of possibility of a speech that accentuated the expectations about the historical and political effectiveness of scientific, philosophical and literary writings. We analyze the topics around which those expectations were built in the light of the balance that was carried out by the argentine writer Manuel Ugarte in two late texts, The pain of writing (1933) and Latin American Writers of 1900 (1943). (shrink)

This paper analyzes some of the trends in one sector of the extensive corpus of critique of Hispano-American Modernism. It highlights their potential to articulate the aesthetic and political dimensions of the phenomenon. It outlines the interweaving of the relationship between diverse critical traditions from the most elementary level of contrast to the most complex level of complementarity. This display allows for establishing the relevance of an analysis that swivels between the text and its locus of enunciation, enabling a conversation (...) between the fields of literary critique and cultural studies. (shrink)

Se examina una cuestión fundamental y poco estudiada de la teología política: la relación entre la defensa de la inmortalidad del alma y el mantenimiento del orden público. Se realiza un recorrido histórico por autores como Pietro Pomponazzi y Tomás Moro, que aceptan motivos políticos para defenderla, y David Hume, quien considera que no existe ningún motivo político para mantener dicha relación. Por último, se analizan los argumentos esgrimidos para mostrar que su eficacia está condicionada por la situación histórica.

The papers in this dossier were written within the framework of two research projects on the refutation strategies of radical adversaries in Plato’s and Aristotle’s writings. Both projects, directed by Graciela Marcos and based in the Institute of Philosophy “Dr. Alejandro Korn” (Instituto de Filosofía “Dr. Alejandro Korn”) of the Facultad de Filosofía y Letras of the Universidad de Buenos Aires, were subsidised by the Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica of this university and by the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica (...) y Técnológica (ANCyPT), to whom we would like to express our gratitude. Special thanks also to Fabián G. Mié, who, for several years, has been working on the question of dialectic in Plato and Aristotle and with whom, even if he has not formally joined our team, we have had the good fortune to exchange ideas and discuss many of the issues related to both projects. Fabián Mié’s work is therefore added to the works presented by Lucas M. Álvarez, María E. Díaz, Martín S. Forciniti, Julián Macías and Graciela E. Marcos in this dossier. (shrink)