Results for 'Probabilistic logic'

965 found
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  1.  22
    Hector freytes, Antonio ledda, Giuseppe sergioli and.Roberto Giuntini & Probabilistic Logics in Quantum Computation - 2013 - In Hanne Andersen, Dennis Dieks, Wenceslao J. Gonzalez, Thomas Uebel & Gregory Wheeler, New Challenges to Philosophy of Science. Springer Verlag. pp. 49.
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  2. Probabilistic logic under coherence, model-theoretic probabilistic logic, and default reasoning in System P.Veronica Biazzo, Angelo Gilio, Thomas Lukasiewicz & Giuseppe Sanfilippo - 2002 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 12 (2):189-213.
    We study probabilistic logic under the viewpoint of the coherence principle of de Finetti. In detail, we explore how probabilistic reasoning under coherence is related to model- theoretic probabilistic reasoning and to default reasoning in System . In particular, we show that the notions of g-coherence and of g-coherent entailment can be expressed by combining notions in model-theoretic probabilistic logic with concepts from default reasoning. Moreover, we show that probabilistic reasoning under coherence is (...)
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  3.  6
    Probabilistic Logics and Probabilistic Networks.Rolf Haenni, Jan-Willem Romeijn, Gregory Wheeler & Jon Williamson - 2011 - .
    While probabilistic logics in principle might be applied to solve a range of problems, in practice they are rarely applied --- perhaps because they seem disparate, complicated, and computationally intractable. This programmatic book argues that several approaches to probabilistic logic fit into a simple unifying framework in which logically complex evidence is used to associate probability intervals or probabilities with sentences. Specifically, Part I shows that there is a natural way to present a question posed in (...) logic, and that various inferential procedures provide semantics for that question, while Part II shows that there is the potential to develop computationally feasible methods to mesh with this framework. The book is intended for researchers in philosophy, logic, computer science and statistics. A familiarity with mathematical concepts and notation is presumed, but no advanced knowledge of logic or probability theory is required. (shrink)
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  4.  45
    Probabilistic Logic and Probabilistic Networks. Haenni, R., Romeijn, J.-W., Wheeler, G. & Williamson, J. - unknown
    While in principle probabilistic logics might be applied to solve a range of problems, in practice they are rarely applied at present. This is perhaps because they seem disparate, complicated, and computationally intractable. However, we shall argue in this programmatic paper that several approaches to probabilistic logic into a simple unifying framework: logically complex evidence can be used to associate probability intervals or probabilities with sentences.
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  5.  55
    Probabilistic Logics with Independence and Confirmation.Dragan Doder & Zoran Ognjanović - 2017 - Studia Logica 105 (5):943-969.
    The main goal of this work is to present the proof-theoretical and model-theoretical approaches to probabilistic logics which allow reasoning about independence and probabilistic support. We extend the existing formalisms [14] to obtain several variants of probabilistic logics by adding the operators for independence and confirmation to the syntax. We axiomatize these logics, provide corresponding semantics, prove that the axiomatizations are sound and strongly complete, and discuss decidability issues.
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  6.  11
    Probabilistic logic.Armin Schulz - 2010 - In Jon Williamson & Federica Russo, Key Terms in Logic. Continuum Press. pp. 57.
    Key Terms in Logic offers the ideal introduction to this core area in the study of philosophy, providing detailed summaries of the important concepts in the study of logic and the application of logic to the rest of philosophy. A brief introduction provides context and background, while the following chapters offer detailed definitions of key terms and concepts, introductions to the work of key thinkers and lists of key texts. Designed specifically to meet the needs of students (...)
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  7. Probabilistic Logic Under Coherence, Conditional Interpretations, and Default Reasoning.Angelo Gilio - 2005 - Synthese 146 (1-2):139-152.
    We study a probabilistic logic based on the coherence principle of de Finetti and a related notion of generalized coherence (g-coherence). We examine probabilistic conditional knowledge bases associated with imprecise probability assessments defined on arbitrary families of conditional events. We introduce a notion of conditional interpretation defined directly in terms of precise probability assessments. We also examine a property of strong satisfiability which is related to the notion of toleration well known in default reasoning. In our framework (...)
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  8.  54
    Probabilistic logic.Nils J. Nilsson - 1986 - Artificial Intelligence 28 (1):71-87.
  9.  98
    Hybrid probabilistic logic programs as residuated logic programs.Carlos Damásio & Luís Pereira - 2002 - Studia Logica 72 (1):113 - 138.
    In this paper we show the embedding of Hybrid Probabilistic Logic Programs into the rather general framework of Residuated Logic Programs, where the main results of (definite) logic programming are validly extrapolated, namely the extension of the immediate consequences operator of van Emden and Kowalski. The importance of this result is that for the first time a framework encompassing several quite distinct logic programming semantics is described, namely Generalized Annotated Logic Programs, Fuzzy Logic (...)
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  10. Probabilistic Logics and Probabilistic Networks.Rolf Haenni, Jan-Willem Romeijn, Gregory Wheeler & Jon Williamson - 2010 - Dordrecht, Netherland: Synthese Library. Edited by Gregory Wheeler, Rolf Haenni, Jan-Willem Romeijn & and Jon Williamson.
    Additionally, the text shows how to develop computationally feasible methods to mesh with this framework.
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  11.  72
    A Probabilistic Logic Between $$LPP1LPP1and L P P 1 and LPP2$$ L P P 2.Šejla Dautović - 2022 - Logica Universalis 16 (1):323-333.
    An extension of the propositional probability logic \ given in Ognjanović et al. that allows mixing of propositional formulas and probabilistic formulas is introduced. We describe the corresponding class of models, and we show that the problem of deciding satisfiability is in NP. We provide infinitary axiomatization for the logic and we prove that the axiomatization is sound and strongly complete.
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  12.  35
    Probabilistic logic of quantum observations.A. Sernadas, J. Rasga, C. Sernadas, L. Alcácer & A. B. Henriques - 2019 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 27 (3):328-370.
    A probabilistic propositional logic, endowed with a constructor for asserting compatibility of diagonalisable and bounded observables, is presented and illustrated for reasoning about the random results of projective measurements made on a given quantum state. Simultaneous measurements are assumed to imply that the underlying observables are compatible. A sound and weakly complete axiomatisation is provided relying on the decidable first-order theory of real closed ordered fields. The proposed logic is proved to be a conservative extension of classical (...)
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  13.  19
    Probabilistic logic.Jon Williamson & Federica Russo - 2010 - In Jon Williamson & Federica Russo, Key Terms in Logic. Continuum Press. pp. 57.
    Key Terms in Logic offers the ideal introduction to this core area in the study of philosophy, providing detailed summaries of the important concepts in the study of logic and the application of logic to the rest of philosophy. A brief introduction provides context and background, while the following chapters offer detailed definitions of key terms and concepts, introductions to the work of key thinkers and lists of key texts. Designed specifically to meet the needs of students (...)
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  14.  22
    Probabilistic logic revisited.Nils J. Nilsson - 1993 - Artificial Intelligence 59 (1-2):39-42.
  15.  14
    Combining probabilistic logic programming with the power of maximum entropy.Gabriele Kern-Isberner & Thomas Lukasiewicz - 2004 - Artificial Intelligence 157 (1-2):139-202.
  16.  25
    Neural probabilistic logic programming in DeepProbLog.Robin Manhaeve, Sebastijan Dumančić, Angelika Kimmig, Thomas Demeester & Luc De Raedt - 2021 - Artificial Intelligence 298 (C):103504.
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  17.  45
    A note on probabilistic logics and probabilistic networks.Jon Williamson - 2008
    1, . . . , n | ≈ ψ ? Here 1, . . . , n, ψ are premisses of some formal language, such as a propositional language or a predicate language. | ≈ is an entailment relation: the entailment holds if all models of the premisses also satisfy the conclusion, where the logic provides some suitable notion of ‘model’ and ‘satisfy’. Proof theory is normally invoked to answer a question of this form: one tries to prove the (...)
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  18.  7
    Declarative probabilistic logic programming in discrete-continuous domains.Pedro Zuidberg Dos Martires, Luc De Raedt & Angelika Kimmig - 2024 - Artificial Intelligence 337 (C):104227.
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  19.  55
    Jesuit Probabilistic Logic between Scholastic and Academic Philosophy.Miroslav Hanke - 2019 - History and Philosophy of Logic 40 (4):355-373.
    There is a well-documented paradigm-shift in eighteenth century Jesuit philosophy and science, at the very least in Central Europe: traditional scholastic version(s) of Aristotelianism were replaced by early modern rationalism (Wolff's systematisation of Leibnizian philosophy) and early modern science and mathematics. In the field of probability, this meant that the traditional Jesuit engagement with probability, uncertainty, and truthlikeness (in particular, as applied to moral theology) could translate into mathematical language, and can be analysed against the background of the accounts of (...)
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  20.  85
    Objective bayesian probabilistic logic.Jon Williamson - 2008
    This paper develops connections between objective Bayesian epistemology—which holds that the strengths of an agent’s beliefs should be representable by probabilities, should be calibrated with evidence of empirical probability, and should otherwise be equivocal—and probabilistic logic. After introducing objective Bayesian epistemology over propositional languages, the formalism is extended to handle predicate languages. A rather general probabilistic logic is formulated and then given a natural semantics in terms of objective Bayesian epistemology. The machinery of objective Bayesian nets (...)
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  21.  9
    (1 other version)Probabilistic logic.Armin Schulz - 2010 - In Jon Williamson & Federica Russo, Key Terms in Logic. Continuum Press. pp. 57.
    Key Terms in Logic offers the ideal introduction to this core area in the study of philosophy, providing detailed summaries of the important concepts in the study of logic and the application of logic to the rest of philosophy. A brief introduction provides context and background, while the following chapters offer detailed definitions of key terms and concepts, introductions to the work of key thinkers and lists of key texts. Designed specifically to meet the needs of students (...)
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  22.  25
    A first-order probabilistic logic with approximate conditional probabilities.N. Ikodinovi, M. Ra Kovi, Z. Markovi & Z. Ognjanovi - 2014 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 22 (4):539-564.
  23. A Many-Valued Probabilistic Logic.F. Lepage - 2000 - Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities 71:36-48.
  24.  19
    Inconsistency measures for probabilistic logics.Matthias Thimm - 2013 - Artificial Intelligence 197 (C):1-24.
  25.  29
    Measuring inconsistency in probabilistic logic: rationality postulates and Dutch book interpretation.Glauber De Bona & Marcelo Finger - 2015 - Artificial Intelligence 227 (C):140-164.
  26.  17
    Anytime deduction for probabilistic logic.Alan M. Frisch & Peter Haddawy - 1994 - Artificial Intelligence 69 (1-2):93-122.
  27.  14
    Weak nonmonotonic probabilistic logics.Thomas Lukasiewicz - 2005 - Artificial Intelligence 168 (1-2):119-161.
  28.  32
    A semantics for Hybrid Probabilistic Logic programs with function symbols.Damiano Azzolini, Fabrizio Riguzzi & Evelina Lamma - 2021 - Artificial Intelligence 294 (C):103452.
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  29.  31
    Towards classifying propositional probabilistic logics.Glauber De Bona, Fabio Gagliardi Cozman & Marcelo Finger - 2014 - Journal of Applied Logic 12 (3):349-368.
  30. A Many-Valued Probabilistic Logic: Commentary.C. Morgan - 2000 - Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities 71:36-48.
  31.  68
    Possible Semantics for a Common Framework of Probabilistic Logics.Gregory Wheeler, Jon Williamson, Jan-Willem Romeijn & Rolf Haenni - 2008 - In V. N. Huynh, International Workshop on Interval Probabilistic Uncertainty and Non-Classical Logics. Springer.
    Summary. This paper proposes a common framework for various probabilistic logics. It consists of a set of uncertain premises with probabilities attached to them. This raises the question of the strength of a conclusion, but without imposing a particular semantics, no general solution is possible. The paper discusses several possible semantics by looking at it from the perspective of probabilistic argumentation.
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  32.  26
    A probabilistic extension of intuitionistic logic.Z. Ognjanovic & Z. Markovic - 2003 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 49 (4):415.
    We introduce a probabilistic extension of propositional intuitionistic logic. The logic allows making statements such as P≥sα, with the intended meaning “the probability of truthfulness of α is at least s”. We describe the corresponding class of models, which are Kripke models with a naturally arising notion of probability, and give a sound and complete infinitary axiomatic system. We prove that the logic is decidable.
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  33. Voting in Search of the Public Good: The Probabilistic Logic of Majority Judgments.James Hawthorne - manuscript
    I argue for an epistemic conception of voting, a conception on which the purpose of the ballot is at least in some cases to identify which of several policy proposals will best promote the public good. To support this view I first briefly investigate several notions of the kind of public good that public policy should promote. Then I examine the probability logic of voting as embodied in two very robust versions of the Condorcet Jury Theorem and some related (...)
     
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  34. Probabilistic Justification Logic.Joseph Lurie - 2018 - Philosophies 3 (1):2.
    Justification logics are constructive analogues of modal logics. They are often used as epistemic logics, particularly as models of evidentialist justification. However, in this role, justification (and modal) logics are defective insofar as they represent justification with a necessity-like operator, whereas actual evidentialist justification is usually probabilistic. This paper first examines and rejects extant candidates for solving this problem: Milnikel’s Logic of Uncertain Justifications, Ghari’s Hájek–Pavelka-Style Justification Logics and a version of probabilistic justification logic developed by (...)
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  35.  21
    Probabilistic Entailment and a Non-Probabilistic Logic.Kevin Knight - 2003 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 11 (3):353-365.
    In this paper we present a probabilistic notion of entailment for finite sets of premises, which has classical entailment as a special case, and show that it is well defined; i.e., that the problem of whether a sentence is entailed by a set of premises is computable. Further we present a natural deductive system and prove that it is the strongest deductive system possible without referring to probabilities.
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  36. Probabilistic dynamic epistemic logic.Barteld P. Kooi - 2003 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 12 (4):381-408.
    In this paper I combine the dynamic epistemic logic ofGerbrandy (1999) with the probabilistic logic of Fagin and Halpern (1994). The resultis a new probabilistic dynamic epistemic logic, a logic for reasoning aboutprobability, information, and information change that takes higher orderinformation into account. Probabilistic epistemic models are defined, and away to build them for applications is given. Semantics and a proof systemis presented and a number of examples are discussed, including the MontyHall Dilemma.
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  37. Probabilistic coherence, logical consistency, and Bayesian learning: Neural language models as epistemic agents.Gregor Betz & Kyle Richardson - 2023 - PLoS ONE 18 (2).
    It is argued that suitably trained neural language models exhibit key properties of epistemic agency: they hold probabilistically coherent and logically consistent degrees of belief, which they can rationally revise in the face of novel evidence. To this purpose, we conduct computational experiments with rankers: T5 models [Raffel et al. 2020] that are pretrained on carefully designed synthetic corpora. Moreover, we introduce a procedure for eliciting a model’s degrees of belief, and define numerical metrics that measure the extent to which (...)
     
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  38.  93
    The Logical Problem of Language Acquisition: A Probabilistic Perspective.Anne S. Hsu & Nick Chater - 2010 - Cognitive Science 34 (6):972-1016.
    Natural language is full of patterns that appear to fit with general linguistic rules but are ungrammatical. There has been much debate over how children acquire these “linguistic restrictions,” and whether innate language knowledge is needed. Recently, it has been shown that restrictions in language can be learned asymptotically via probabilistic inference using the minimum description length (MDL) principle. Here, we extend the MDL approach to give a simple and practical methodology for estimating how much linguistic data are required (...)
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  39.  25
    A new normative theory of probabilistic logic.Romas Aleliunas - 1990 - In Kyburg Henry E. , Loui Ronald P. & Carlson Greg N. , Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 387--403.
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  40.  45
    How to exploit parametric uniformity for maximum entropy reasoning in a relational probabilistic logic.Marc Finthammer & Christoph Beierle - 2012 - In Luis Farinas del Cerro, Andreas Herzig & Jerome Mengin, Logics in Artificial Intelligence. Springer. pp. 189--201.
  41.  39
    Assembling a consistent set of sentences in relational probabilistic logic with stochastic independence.Cassio Polpo de Campos, Fabio Gagliardi Cozman & José Eduardo Ochoa Luna - 2009 - Journal of Applied Logic 7 (2):137-154.
  42. A Probabilistic Truth-Conditional Semantics for Indicative Conditionals.Michał Sikorski - 2021 - Studia Semiotyczne 35 (2):69-87.
    In my article, I present a new version of a probabilistic truth prescribing semantics for natural language indicative conditionals. The proposed truth conditions can be paraphrased as follows: an indicative conditional is true if the corresponding conditional probability is high and the antecedent is positively probabilistically relevant for the consequent or the probability of the antecedent of the conditional equals 0. In the paper, the truth conditions are defended and some of the logical properties of the proposed semantics are (...)
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  43.  56
    Connexive Logic, Probabilistic Default Reasoning, and Compound Conditionals.Niki Pfeifer & Giuseppe Sanfilippo - 2024 - Studia Logica 112 (1):167-206.
    We present two approaches to investigate the validity of connexive principles and related formulas and properties within coherence-based probability logic. Connexive logic emerged from the intuition that conditionals of the formif not-A,thenA, should not hold, since the conditional’s antecedentnot-Acontradicts its consequentA. Our approaches cover this intuition by observing that the only coherent probability assessment on the conditional eventAA{A| \overline{A}}A|A¯isp(AA)=0{p(A| \overline{A})=0}p(A|A¯)=0. In the first approach we investigate connexive principles within coherence-based probabilistic default reasoning, by interpreting defaults and negated (...)
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  44.  24
    Probabilistic Epistemology: A European Tradition.Maria Galavotti - 2014 - Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook 17:77-88.
    Probabilistic epistemology holds that probability is an essential ingredient of science and human knowledge at large, and that induction is a necessary constituent of the scientific method. Developed in some detail by a number of authors including Patrick Suppes, Richard Jeffrey and Brian Skyrms, this view has been embraced by so many, as to gradually become predominant. While probabilistic epistemology has been growing, awareness of its origins was somehow left behind. Probabilistic epistemology is usually seen as a (...)
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  45.  32
    A syntactic framework with probabilistic beliefs and conditionals for the analysis of strategic form games.Thorsten Clausing - 2002 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 11 (3):335-348.
    In this paper, I develop a syntactic framework for the analysis ofstrategic form games that is based on a straightforward combination ofstandard systems of doxastic, probabilistic and conditionalpropositional logic. In particular, for the probabilistic part I makeuse of the axiomatization provided in Fagin and Halpern (1994). The use ofconditionals allows to represent a strategic form game by a logicalformula in a very natural way. Also expected utility maximization can benaturally captured. I use this framework to prove a (...)
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  46.  81
    A unifying framework of probabilistic reasoning: Rolf Haenni, Jan-Willem Romeijn, Gregory Wheeler and Jon Williamson: Probabilistic logic and probabilistic networks. Dordrecht: Springer, 2011, xiii+155pp, €59.95 HB. [REVIEW]Jan Sprenger - 2011 - Metascience 21 (2):459-462.
    A unifying framework of probabilistic reasoning Content Type Journal Article Category Book Review Pages 1-4 DOI 10.1007/s11016-011-9573-x Authors Jan Sprenger, Tilburg Center for Logic and Philosophy of Science, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands Journal Metascience Online ISSN 1467-9981 Print ISSN 0815-0796.
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  47.  36
    The fuzzy logic of chaos and probabilistic inference.I. Antoniou & Z. Suchanecki - 1997 - Foundations of Physics 27 (3):333-362.
    The logic of a physical system consists of the elementary observables of the system. We show that for chaotic systems the logic is not any more the classical Boolean lattice but a kind of fuzzy logic which we characterize for a class of chaotic maps. Among other interesting properties the fuzzy logic of chaos does not allow for infinite combinations of propositions. This fact reflects the instability of dynamics and it is shared also by quantum systems (...)
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  48.  40
    A probabilistic temporal epistemic logic: Decidability.Zoran Ognjanović, Angelina Ilić Stepić & Aleksandar Perović - 2024 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 32 (5):827-879.
    We study a propositional probabilistic temporal epistemic logic $\textbf {PTEL}$ with both future and past temporal operators, with non-rigid set of agents and the operators for agents’ knowledge and for common knowledge and with probabilities defined on the sets of runs and on the sets of possible worlds. A semantics is given by a class ${\scriptsize{\rm Mod}}$ of Kripke-like models with possible worlds. We prove decidability of $\textbf {PTEL}$ by showing that checking satisfiability of a formula in ${\scriptsize{\rm (...)
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  49.  52
    A probabilistic temporal epistemic logic: Strong completeness.Zoran Ognjanović, Angelina Ilić Stepić & Aleksandar Perović - 2024 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 32 (1):94-138.
    The paper offers a formalization of reasoning about distributed multi-agent systems. The presented propositional probabilistic temporal epistemic logic $\textbf {PTEL}$ is developed in full detail: syntax, semantics, soundness and strong completeness theorems. As an example, we prove consistency of the blockchain protocol with respect to the given set of axioms expressed in the formal language of the logic. We explain how to extend $\textbf {PTEL}$ to axiomatize the corresponding first-order logic.
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  50.  28
    Logical Analogies: Interpretations, Oppositions, and Probabilism.Walter Redmond - 2019 - Philosophies 4 (2):13.
    I present two logical systems to show the “analogy of proportionality„ common to several interpretations: modality (necessity and possibility), quantification, truth-functional relations, moral attitudes (deontic logic), states of knowledge (epistemic logic), and states of belief (doxastic logic). To display the two underlying analogical relations, I call upon the originally Scholastic convention, recently put to use again, of using squares, hexagons, and octagons “of opposition„. A combined epistemic–deontic logic happens to be found in the traditional “probabilist„ theory (...)
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