En su último libro, Han afirma: «[y]a no habitamos la tierra y el cielo, sino Google Earth y la nube» (p. 12). En No-cosas, Han critica el paso del mundo de las cosas hacia el mundo de las no-cosas. Las cosasson vendrían a ser los objetos físicos que solían constreñir nuestra vida cotidiana: los árboles, los libros, las casas y sus respectivos habitantes. Frente a ellas, Han nos muestra las no-cosas —o información digital—. Las no-cosas son realidades intangibles y, por (...) ende, inmunes al paso del tiempo. Los e-books o libros electrónicos, por ejemplo, son las no-cosas que en la actualidad intentan reemplazar a los libros. La naturaleza se aleja de nosotros siendo únicamente accesible mediante la pantalla de nuestros smartphones. Las personas también escapan de nuestro alcance, disponiendo únicamente de ellas en redes sociales como Facebook o Tinder (p. 94). En suma, No-cosas es una crítica social a la digitalización del mundo y una elegía al ‘misticismo’ del mundo de las cosas. (shrink)

Este artículo presenta una visión general de la evolución de los trabajos que estudian las políticas públicas de investigación científica y desarrollo tecnológico (I+D), desde la apertura de este campo a la acción del gobierno en la década de 1940 hasta la actualidad. Tras hacer un repaso descriptivo de cuáles fueron las primeras aportaciones de los decisores públicos y de los académicos a este campo de conocimiento durante su proceso de creación, este trabajo utiliza la distinción entre enfoques positivos y (...) normativos y defiende que el liderazgo normativo ha correspondido a los organismos internacionales, especialmente a la OCDE, y que los enfoques positivos en la literatura académica internacional y en la nacional han evolucionado siguiendo las pautas marcadas por esta institución. (shrink)

The global pesticide complex has transformed over the past two decades, but social science research has not kept pace. The rise of an enormous generics sector, shifts in geographies of pesticide production, and dynamics of agrarian change have led to more pesticide use, expanding to farm systems that hitherto used few such inputs. Declining effectiveness due to pesticide resistance and anemic institutional support for non-chemical alternatives also have driven intensification in conventional systems. As an inter-disciplinary network of pesticide scholars, we (...) seek to renew the social science research agenda on pesticides to better understand this suite of contemporary changes. To identify research priorities, challenges, and opportunities, we develop the pesticide complex as a heuristic device to highlight the reciprocal and iterative interactions among agricultural practice, the agrochemical industry, civil society-shaped regulatory actions, and contested knowledge of toxicity. Ultimately, collaborations among social scientists and across the social and biophysical sciences can illuminate recent transformations and their uneven socioecological effects. A reinvigorated critical scholarship that embraces the multifaceted nature of pesticides can identify the social and ecological constraints that drive pesticide use and support alternatives to chemically driven industrial agriculture. (shrink)

From the most prominent thinkers in Latin American philosophy, literature, politics, and social science comes a challenge to conventional theories of globalization. The contributors to this volume imagine a discourse in which revolution requires no temporalized march of progress or takeovers of state power but instead aims at local control and the material conditions for human dignity.

Previous research has shown positive relationships between fitness level and different cognitive abilities and academic performance. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between logical–mathematical intelligence and mathematical competence with physical fitness in a group of pre-adolescents. Sixty-three children from Castro del Río, aged between 11 and 12 years, participated in this research. The Superior Logical Intelligence Test and the EVAMAT 1.0–5 battery were used. Physical fitness was evaluated by the horizontal jump test, the 4×10 meter (...) speed–agility test, and the Course Navette test. The analyses showed positive relationships between physical fitness with logical–mathematical intelligence and mathematical competence. Specifically, linear regression analyzes indicated that the 4×10 speed–agility test significantly predicted mathematical competence and the horizontal jump test significantly predicted logical–mathematical intelligence. These results are in agreement with previous research, highlighting the importance of improving physical fitness from an early age due to its benefits for intellectual and academic development. (shrink)

This is the report on the XVI BRAZILIAN LOGIC CONFERENCE (EBL 2011) held in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between May 9–13, 2011 published in The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic Volume 18, Number 1, March 2012. -/- The 16th Brazilian Logic Conference (EBL 2011) was held in Petro ́polis, from May 9th to 13th, 2011, at the Laboratório Nacional de Computação o Científica (LNCC). It was the sixteenth in a series of conferences that started in 1977 with the aim of (...) congregating logicians from Brazil and abroad, furthering interest in logic and its applications, stimulating cooperation, and contributing to the development of this branch of science. EBL 2011 included more than one-hundred and fifty participants, all of them belonging to prominent research institutes from Brazil and abroad, especially Latin America. The conference was sponsored by the Academia Brasileira de Ciências (ABC), the As- sociation for Symbolic Logic (ASL), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Centre for Logic, Epistemology and the History of Sciences (CLE), Laboratório Nacional de Computação o Científica (LNCC), Pontif ́ıcia Universidade Cato ́lica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC- Rio), Sociedade Brasileira de Lógica (SBL), and Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Funding was provided by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient ́ıfico e Tecnolo ́ gico (CNPq), Fundac ̧a ̃o de Amparo `a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Fundação Euclides da Cunha (FEC), and Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). The members of the Scientific Committee were: Mário Folhadela Benevides (COPPE- UFRJ), Fa ́bio Bertato (CLE-IFCH-UNICAMP), Jean-Yves Béziau (UFRJ), Ricardo Bianconi (USP), Juliana Bueno-Soler (UFABC), Xavier Caicedo (Universidad de Los An- des), Walter Carnielli (CLE-IFCH-UNICAMP), Oswaldo Chateaubriand Filho (PUC-Rio), Marcelo Esteban Coniglio (CLE-IFCH-UNICAMP), Newton da Costa (UFSC, President), Antonio Carlos da Rocha Costa (UFRG), Alexandre Costa-Leite (UnB), I ́tala M. Loffredo D’Ottaviano (CLE-IFCH-UNICAMP), Marcelo Finger (USP), Edward Hermann Haeusler (PUC-Rio), Décio Krause (UFSC), João Marcos (UFRN), Ana Teresa de Castro Martins (UFC), Maria da Paz Nunes de Medeiros (UFRN), Francisco Miraglia (USP), Luiz Car- los Pereira (PUC-Rio and UFRJ), Elaine Pimentel (UFMG), and Samuel Gomes da Silva (UFBA). The members of the Organizing Committee were: Anderson de Araujo (UNICAMP), Walter Carnielli (CLE-IFCH-UNICAMP), Oswaldo Chateaubriand Filho (PUC-Rio, Co- chair), Marcelo Correa (UFF), Renata de Freitas (UFF), Edward Hermann Haeusler (PUC- RJ), Hugo Nobrega (COPPE-UFRJ), Luiz Carlos Pereira (PUC-Rio e IFCS/UFRJ), Leandro Suguitani (UNICAMP), Rafael Testa (UNICAMP), Leonardo Bruno Vana (UFF), and Petrucio Viana (UFF, Co-chair). (shrink)

In this paper two systems of AGM-like Paraconsistent Belief Revision are overviewed, both defined over Logics of Formal Inconsistency (LFIs) due to the possibility of defining a formal consistency operator within these logics. The AGM° system is strongly based on this operator and internalize the notion of formal consistency in the explicit constructions and postulates. Alternatively, the AGMp system uses the AGM-compliance of LFIs and thus assumes a wider notion of paraconsistency - not necessarily related to the notion of formal (...) consistency. (shrink)

This paper deals with the deuteros plous, literally ‘the second voyage’, proverbially ‘the next best way’, discussed in Plato’s Phaedo, the key passage being Phd. 99e4-100a3. I argue that (a) the ‘flight into the logoi’ can have two different interpretations, a standard one and a non-standard one. The issue is whether at 99e-100a Socrates means that both the student of erga and the student of logoi consider images (‘the standard interpretation’), or the student of logoi does not consider images but (...) that “consistency should suffice for truth” (‘the non-standard interpretation’); (b) the non-standard one implies the problem of the hypothesis, a problem analogous to the problem of the elenchus; (c) there is a structural analogy between Descartes’ ontological argument for the existence of God in his 5th Meditation and the final proof for the immortality of the soul in the Phaedo. (shrink)

Primera parte. Problemas teóricos en torno a la filosofia latinoamericana. A modo de introducción : la historia de las ideas en América Latina -- Breve trazo de un camino -- Crítica de la Crítica de la razón latinoamericana de Santiago Castro-Gómez -- Rafael Gutiérrez Girardot y José Luis Romero : historiografía e identidad latinamericana -- El colonialismo intelectual en América Latina y su crítica -- La historiografía como "carta de batalla" -- El rastacuerismo y nuestra cultura política -- (...) La secularización y la racionalización en hispanoamérica -- Filosofía y crisis -- Segunda parte. Filósofos y filosofías revisitados. El Ariel de José Enrique Rodó : su contexto, sus fuentes y sus críicas -- María Zambrano, José Gaos y la filosofía latinoamericana -- El problema de la recepción del pensamiento de Xavier Zubiri en Colombia -- Ernesto Sábato : crítica de la tecnolatría y religación de lo humano -- Guillermo Hoyos Vásquez...entre nosotros -- Pablo Guadarrama y la filosofía colombiana : un testimonio. (shrink)

Not only is freedom a shared concern of Sartre and Schelling, which would not be anything particularly unique, but for both philosophers, freedom must be articulated out of an ontological ground, or within the confines of an ontological system. A contradiction nevertheless appears to arise regarding the “orientation” of Sartre and Schelling’s respective “ontologies of freedom”: the freedom of Sartre, reflecting a contemporary stoic-inspired doctrine, is directed toward the future, while for Schelling, with affinities to the temporal logic of psychoanalysis, (...) freedom is oriented toward the past. This article presents both Sartre and Schelling’s ontological reasoning out of which either a progressively oriented freedom (the freedom to negate the present in the name of future “possibles”) or a retrogressively oriented freedom (the freedom to determine the ground of the present out of an indefinite, a-temporal becoming), before attempting to resolve this contradiction in the temporality of freedom by examining the position and role of the negative (of negation, contradiction, or nothingness), as either secondary or primary, within the ontology of each respective philosopher. (shrink)

The article tries to prove that the famous formula "epekeina tês ousias" has to be understood in the sense of being beyond being and not only in the sense of being beyond essence. We make hereby three points: first, since pure textual exegesis of 509b8–10 seems to lead to endless controversy, a formal proof for the metaontological interpretation could be helpful to settle the issue; we try to give such a proof. Second, we offer a corollary of the formal proof, (...) showing that not only self-predication of the form of the Good, but of any form is not possible, that is: no form of F has the form of F. Third, we apply Spinoza’s distinction between an ens imaginarium and a chimaera to Plato’s Idea of the Good. (shrink)

A strange dialectical reversal characterizes the oppositions which psychoanalysis posits against philosophy and neuroscience: what psychoanalysis intervenes with as a unique and missing quality of these subjects, reveals itself upon enquiry as already having been a feature of said subjects. This article first discusses the failed intervention of psychoanalysis within the perceived totalities and absolutes of German idealism. Psychoanalysis, founded on an ontological division and internal inconsistency with a retroactive logic, finds this internal contradiction already reflected within the supposed totalities (...) of Schelling and Hegel. Schelling’s “blind act,” a decision with no prior foundation that grounds an abstract identity-in-itself, appears as the counterpart to what Badiou calls the strictly “analytic act.” Hegel’s Science of Logic, in which the inconclusive interpenetration of being and nothing presupposes its own conclusion in the transitions to essence, and in which an internal incompleteness and contradiction are retroactively constitutive of the concept, similarly nullifies the intervention of psychoanalysis. Finally, precisely such a reversal is presented in neuroscience, where the constitutive contradiction of contingently functional neuronal formations in the adaptive “multiple demand” model of executive functioning repeats the contingent and self-contradicting psychoanalytic subject as being its own deference within linguistic, discursive formations. (shrink)

La estética se introdujo en España con ocasión de la constitución del sistema de instrucción pública y vinculada a la enseñanza de la retórica y la poética. En 1814, los liberales propusieron reunir la retórica y la poética en una única disciplina que ofreciese los principios de la literatura. Estos principios se venían elaborando para las bellas letras y las bellas artes desde el siglo XVIII y de ellos surgiría la estética como ciencia del gusto y de lo bello. La (...) estética entró a formar parte de la asignatura de _Literatura _en 1846 bajo la influencia de la filosofía ecléctica francesa y, en particular, de la teoría estética de Victor Cousin. Esto propició la producción de los primeros textos sobre estética en España, orientados a la enseñanza de la literatura. (shrink)

Pretendemos examinar a noção de consciência (Gewissen) na primeira fase do pensamento heideggeriano. Para tanto, investigamos Ser e Tempo, em especial o segundo capítulo da segunda seção (§§ 55-60), no qual o autordestaca o fenômeno da consciência como existencial e originário, designando-o como apelação. Através da consciência – ao apelar e ao mesmo tempo compreender o clamor dessa apelação – o ser-aí, enquanto ser-no-mundo, pode ser de modo autêntico. Notemos que à pergunta quem clama nessa aclamação, responde-se: o ser-aí angustiado. (...) A consciência, dessa forma, designa o movimento pelo qual o ser-aí direciona-se para o seu poder-ser, em sentido autêntico que, como possibilidade, já e sempre é.Keywords:Consciência. Ser e Tempo. Apelação. Autenticidade. (shrink)

What is a ‘number,’ as studied within numerical cognition? The term is highly polysemous, and can refer to numerals, numerosity, and a diverse collection of mathematical objects, from natural numbers to infinitesimals. However, numerical cognition has focused primarily on prototypical counting numbers – numbers used regularly to count small collections of objects. Even these simple numbers are far more complex than apparent pre-conditions for numerical abilities like subitizing and approximate discrimination of large numerosity, which we share with other animals. We (...) argue that the leap to number concepts proper relies, in part, on two embodied, domain-general cognitive mechanisms: conceptual metaphor and fictive motion. These mechanisms were first investigated within cognitive linguistics, a subdiscipline of cognitive science, but are now thought to subserve cognition more generally. We review the proposal that these mechanisms structure numerical cognition – including PCNs, but also the positive integers and arithmetic – and survey the supporting empirical evidence. (shrink)

The first chapter, "Der Hintergrund von Gadamers 'Phänomenologischen Interpretationen' in Sein und Zeit" traces the origins of Gadamer’s interpretation of the Philebus in Sein und Zeit. Especially important is that Dasein is, thanks to speech , already outside of itself in the world. The second chapter "Gadamers Dialektische Ethik" gives a short summary of the main points of Gadamer's interpretation of the Philebus. The third chapter "Davidsons reinterpretation of von Gadamer's Dialektischer Ethik" 222-231), points especially to the fact that Davidson (...) sees the "Socrates post Vlastos" in the interpretation of Gadamer at work: Because every man is already in possession of some basic truths, coherence is enough to lead to substantive truths. Davidson concludes that only in “interpersonal communication” "can be thought, a grasping of the fact of an objective, that is, a shared world". Thus, Davidson sees in Gadamer's interpretation of the Philebus his own theory of triangulation anticipated. (shrink)

The article again treats the question of whether ≪the Idea of the Good is a Reality in the Universe, or beyond it. Is it immanent or transcendent?≫. Plato scholars such as Matthias Baltes and Luc Brisson have defended the thesis that Plato’s Idea of the Good is, on the one hand, beyond being in dignity and power, but, on the other, is nevertheless not transcendent over being. The article delivers first the most important arguments for the thesis of Baltes and (...) Brisson. Then, it gives two counterarguments against the thesis. Third, it concludes with some general questions concerning the deflationist interpretation of Plato’s Republic 509b9‑10, and defends again the transcendence of the Idea of the Good. (shrink)

What distinguishes the Socrates of the early from the Socrates of the middle dialogues? According to a well-known opinion, the “dividing line” lies in the difference between the Socratic and the Platonic theory of action. Whereas for the Platonic Socrates of the early dialogues, all desires are good-dependent, for the Platonic Socrates of the middle dialogues, there are good-independent desires. The paper argues first that this “dividing line” is blurred in the "Symposium", and second that we have in the "Symposium" (...) a more distinctive dividing line, namely the introduction of the separate existence of the idea of beauty. This introduction by Diotima/Plato of separate ideas and the lack of understanding of separate ideas – here the idea of beauty – by Socrates may have been the limit not only of the Socrates of the early Platonic dialogues, but of the historical Socrates as well. (shrink)

This is an introductory blog to the question: "What is a human being?".

This text and the seminar referred to, intend to open a window to observe observation, with a double purpose: firstly, to contribute to inquire the naïve concept and practice of observation which disregard its internal complexity; and secondly, identify and put under examination the assumptions ..

Na investigação acadêmica/científica, o vago é usualmente tratado como desvio do exato. Na teoria da tradução, isso toma corpo no conceito tradicional de ‘equivalência’ como igualdade a priori e no nível do sistema linguístico. Contra essa visão, retomamos aqui uma aproximação entre o conceito de ‘normas tradutórias’ de Gideon Toury e a concepção de linguagem do Wittgen­stein tardio, orientando-nos também pelos comentários do filósofo brasileiro Arley Moreno. Defendemos que o vago tem precedência lógica ante o preciso, na linguagem tout court (...) e na tradução de modo específico. Isso se aplica particularmente aos vetores ‘adequação’ e ‘aceitabilidade’ que Toury apresenta em seu “kit do tradutor” — a partir do conceito de ‘semelhança de família’ do Wittgenstein tardio. (shrink)

El nuevo imaginario social del conocimiento teórico del siglo XVIII, que, entre otros rasgos, contenía el de la utilidad del saber, comportó un cambio semántico en el término «filosofía», estrechamente relacionado con la enseñanza, tras ser desplazado por el de «ciencia». En las universidades se impartían las ciencias filosóficas, de tradición escolástica, enfocadas, fundamentalmente, a formar a funcionarios del Estado y la Iglesia, pero las nuevas ciencias matemáticas y naturales requerían ocupar un lugar en la enseñanza para instruir a la (...) sociedad civil. Los ilustrados españoles, entre otros, Jovellanos, concibieron entonces dos tipos de centros, unos para las primeras, que siguieron siendo las universidades, mientras que para las segundas propusieron instaurar institutos específicos. En cambio, los liberales, y, en particular, Quintana, decidieron unificar la enseñanza de las ciencias en centros únicos, las universidades de provincia y una de nueva creación, la Universidad Central. Las ciencias filosóficas fueron entonces marginadas, como la lógica, sustituida por la matemática como ciencia instrumental fundamental, y la metafísica, que fue abandonada. (shrink)

El propósito de este artículo es el de indagar en los presupuestos conceptuales e históricos subyacentes al perdón colectivo. Dada la naturaleza híbrida – entre lo ético y lo político - de esta noción, diversos autores la han conceptualizado integrándola o bien en las prácticas de legitimación de la soberanía o, al contrario, en un espacio ético incompatible con las relaciones políticas. Ambas interpretaciones niegan la posibilidad de un perdón colectivo auténtico en el espacio público. Frente a ambas aproximaciones, reconstruiremos (...) diferentes argumentos para defender la fertilidad de dicha práctica ética en el interior de los procesos recientes de justicia transicional. (shrink)

O presente ensaio tem por objetivo analisar a crítica de Nietzsche a historiografia moderna a partir da definição de romantismo proposta por Michel Lowy e Robert Sayre. Deste modo, intentamos compreender a crítica nietzschiana à História como um movimento de combate à própria modernidade, tomando a tragédia grega como o caminho para combater o historicismo e os problemas desencadeados pela doença histórica.

Experimental research has studied the emergence of fairness criteria such as merit and equality at increasingly younger ages. How much does the recognition and practice of these principles depend on the influence of central aspects of Western educated and industrialized societies? In an attempt to answer these questions, this article provides evidence regarding the choices of children in the Kogi indigenous community of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, a traditional society living in the mountains of Northern Colombia that practices (...) swidden agriculture, cattle-raising, and enjoys a special cultural status granted by the Colombian Constitution. Two groups of 6–7 and 10–11 year olds were tested on a modified dictator game and several scenarios from a resource distribution task including different fairness criteria. Our results point to the lack of focality of the idea of merit among Kogi children at these ages when deciding on third-party allocation tasks, even when the design prevented equal distribution. (shrink)

The book is an english translation with revisions and updates of the "Philosophische Grundbegriffe 1" and provides an introduction to six key concepts in philosophy - philosophy, language, knowledge, truth, being and good. At the same time, it aims to initiate its readers into the process of philosophical thinking. The book is addressed to students and laypeople, but also contains new ideas for specialists. It is written in a clear, accessible and engaging style, and its author 'shares, and manages to (...) convey, something of Plato's own commitment to philosophy'. (shrink)

El propósito del presente artículo es el de desarrollar y proyectar una interpretación de la filosofía de la historia elaborada por el pensador donostiarra Eugenio Ímaz. Dicha exposición estará dirigida al objetivo de explicitar cómo el optimismo histórico de Ímaz basado en la noción de utopía lidió con los trágicos acontecimientos que aquel vivió durante los años treinta en España. En este sentido, la confianza de Eugenio Ímaz en el régimen republicano se vio fracturada por los acontecimientos bélicos que le (...) llevaron al exilio. Esta lectura nos permitirá apreciar cómo la metabolización de estos eventos desde el marco de su teoría de la historia coadyuvó a un agotamiento de la noción de utopía que nos permite vincular el horizonte histórico e intelectual de Ímaz con el contexto europeo de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. (shrink)

El presente artículo trata sobre la relación entre el pensamiento de John McDowell y la obra de Hegel. La idea fundamental es exponer la línea argumental que va, en el marco de la filosofía analítica, desde una posición kantiana a una hegeliana. El punto clave se sitúa en la lectura de la deducción de las categorías vista a la luz de la crítica de Wilfrid Sellars al mito de lo dado. A partir de ahí, el objetivo es discutir si esta (...) ruta de Kant a Hegel tiene como destino la filosofía de McDowell contrastando la filosofía de estos dos últimos: repensar el concepto de idealismo y la relación entre experiencia y filosofía desde ambos autores, Hegel y McDowell, tanto en sus similitudes como en sus discrepancias. (shrink)

The article focuses first of all on the peculiar kind of anthropology implicit in the thought of Millán-Puelles. In the second part it underlines the relevance of the distinction between nature and freedom in the political anthropology of the author, as well as the outstandig importance of the idea of liberty with its several significant nuances of meaning.

A good will is not so much an "ethical concept" as one that refers to the nucleus of human existence and the meaning of life. If the intellect is a function of identity, the will is a function of otherness. Together, the intellect and the will render an account of that arcane principle of all reality which is unity-diversity or limit. Such arcana is manifested in the following: the intellect is the limit of the will and the will is the (...) limit of the intellect. The perfection of the will -the will that becomes good- requires self-knowledge. In order to give an account of the other I have to take myself seriously and realize that I only know myself through the other. A good will, therefore, has many other related dimensions aside from that of love and respect. (shrink)

Few Philosophers have been able to give to their work a deep an wise visíon of the world applicable to everyday existence. Among them we find Joseph Pieper, extraordinary writer and philosopher whose works (edited by Berthold Wald) confirm his socratic character of wisdom lover (filo-sophos).

La filosofía nietzscheana es una filosofía filológica. Por debajo del legado del Nietzsche de madurez prevalece una base crítico-metodológica descubierta por él en sus años de práctica filológica y de la que se desprende una mirada filosófica profundamente original. Este artículo pretende mostrar las razones de esa coincidencia en un recorrido de continuidad a través del problema de la crítica.

¿Apolítico? ¿Revolucionario? ¿Reaccionario? Durante largo tiempo, el pensamiento político nietzscheano ha sido sometido a múltiples alteraciones que han eclipsado su singular carga emancipadora. Pero el desafío no está tanto en la respuesta como en saber formular correctamente la pregunta, pues la dureza de la crítica nietzscheana a los movimientos sociales de su época y especialmente al socialismo no viene necesariamente acompañada de una justificación del capitalismo sino de su simultánea descalificación. Partiendo de la voluntad de poder como dinámica vital fundada (...) en la desigualdad, el presente artículo se ocupa de la relación entre Nietzsche y el socialismo, tanto de las críticas recíprocas como del sentido profundo de las mismas, justipreciando así las energías de su controvertido programa político y que lo hacen digno valedor emancipatorio en el horizonte de nuestro presente. (shrink)