La relación médico-paciente (RMP) es una relación profesional-interpersonal base para la gestión de la salud. Nuestro objetivo fue desarrollar un instrumento que permitiera evaluar la presencia de los principios bioéticos en la atención médica recibida en la consulta externa de una institución hospitalaria. El instrumento quedó constituido por 21 reactivos para evaluar su confiabilidad y consistencia. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue de 0,81 (_p_.

Boyer, Amalia. “Cuerpos, imaginarios y potencias.” _Eidos. Revista de filosofía de la Universidad del Norte_ 22 (2015):13-34.

El objetivo del presente artículo es el de Contribuir al conocimiento y reflexión sobre las experiencias que enfrenta el personal médico en situaciones críticas. Se llevaron a cabo once entrevistas a médicos en diversas regiones del país, utilizando un guion elaborado a partir de una revisión de la literatura en artículos académicos y medios de comunicación en línea. Con los datos recopilados, se construyó una matriz y se realizó un análisis temático. Se identificaron cinco conjuntos de temas: (i) Información general (...) de los médicos y motivos para trabajar en zonas críticas; (ii) efectos de la violencia y la pandemia por COVID-19 en la prestación de servicios de salud; (iii) Recursos en salud; (iv) La ambivalencia del triaje: alivio ante la escasez, pero descontento moral hacia los médicos y (v) Gobernanza y políticas públicas. Como conclusiones se puede decir que la interacción de dos situaciones críticas, la violencia y la pandemia de COVID-19, plantea desafíos éticos que requieren una reflexión profunda. (shrink)

Sobre la base de una revisión historiográfica se analizan los vínculos entre medicina, historia de la medicina e historia de las mujeres y se muestra el papel de la historia de la medicina no androcéntrica como introductora, en el campo de la salud, cíe conceptos teóricos del feminismo, el género principalmente, que están permitiendo transformar el conocimiento médico sobre el cuerpo y valorar las prácticas de las mujeres sanitarias.

In this paper we present the problem of a noisy lexical taxonomy and suggest two tasks as potential remedies. The first task is to identify and eliminate incorrect hypernymy links, and the second is to repopulate the taxonomy with new relations. The first task consists of revising the entire taxonomy and returning a Boolean for each assertion of hypernymy between two nouns (e.g. brie is a kind of cheese). The second task consists of recursively producing a chain of hypernyms for (...) a given noun, until the most general node in the taxonomy is reached (e.g. brie → cheese → food → etc.). In order to achieve these goals, we implemented a hybrid hypernym-detection algorithm that incorporates various intuitions, such as syntagmatic, paradigmatic and morphological association measures as well as lexical patterns. We evaluate these algorithms individually and collectively and report findings in Spanish, English and French. (shrink)

What is a ‘number,’ as studied within numerical cognition? The term is highly polysemous, and can refer to numerals, numerosity, and a diverse collection of mathematical objects, from natural numbers to infinitesimals. However, numerical cognition has focused primarily on prototypical counting numbers – numbers used regularly to count small collections of objects. Even these simple numbers are far more complex than apparent pre-conditions for numerical abilities like subitizing and approximate discrimination of large numerosity, which we share with other animals. We (...) argue that the leap to number concepts proper relies, in part, on two embodied, domain-general cognitive mechanisms: conceptual metaphor and fictive motion. These mechanisms were first investigated within cognitive linguistics, a subdiscipline of cognitive science, but are now thought to subserve cognition more generally. We review the proposal that these mechanisms structure numerical cognition – including PCNs, but also the positive integers and arithmetic – and survey the supporting empirical evidence. (shrink)

Few have entertained the idea that Georg Cantor, the creator of set theory, might have influenced Edmund Husserl, the founder of the phenomenological movement. Yet an exchange of ideas took place between them when Cantor was at the height of his creative powers and Husserl in the throes of an intellectual struggle during which his ideas were particularly malleable and changed considerably and definitively. Here their writings are examined to show how Husserl's and Cantor's ideas overlapped and crisscrossed in the (...) areas of philosophy and mathematics, arithmetization, abstraction, consciousness and pure logic, psychologism, metaphysical idealism, new numbers, and sets and manifolds. (shrink)

In this paper we present a reconstruction of Hegel's critique of Kant. We try to show the congruence of that critique in both theoretical and practical philosophy. We argue that this congruence is to be found in Hegel's criticism of Kant's hylemorphism in his theoretical and practical philosophy. Hegel is much more sympathetic to Kant's response to the distinction between matter and form in his theoretical philosophy and he credits Kant with ‘discovering’ here that thinking is an activity that always (...) takes place within a greater whole. He, however, argues that the consequences of this are much more significant than Kant suspects and that, most importantly, the model of cognition in which thought (form) confronts something non-thought (matter) is unsustainable. This leads to Hegel's appropriation of Kantian reflective judgements, arguing that the greater whole in which thinking takes place is a socially shared set of meanings, something resembling what Kant calls a sensus communis. From here, it is not far to Hegel's Geist, which eventually gains self-consciousness in Sittlichkeit, a whole of social practices of mutual recognition. In practical philosophy, Hegel argues for the importance of situating oneself within such a whole in order to attain the self-knowledge required for autonomous, or ethically required, action. For this to happen, he claims, it is necessary to recognise the status of Kantian Moralität as a form of Sittlichkeit or social practice. This would justify our practices without an appeal to a ‘fact of reason’ and also allow a wider range of actions that could count as autonomous. (shrink)

What distinguishes the Socrates of the early from the Socrates of the middle dialogues? According to a well-known opinion, the “dividing line” lies in the difference between the Socratic and the Platonic theory of action. Whereas for the Platonic Socrates of the early dialogues, all desires are good-dependent, for the Platonic Socrates of the middle dialogues, there are good-independent desires. The paper argues first that this “dividing line” is blurred in the "Symposium", and second that we have in the "Symposium" (...) a more distinctive dividing line, namely the introduction of the separate existence of the idea of beauty. This introduction by Diotima/Plato of separate ideas and the lack of understanding of separate ideas – here the idea of beauty – by Socrates may have been the limit not only of the Socrates of the early Platonic dialogues, but of the historical Socrates as well. (shrink)

El crecimiento y el desarrollo de la complejidad cultural a lo largo de la historia humana, poseen la forma de una espiral en movimiento que se abre a las posibilidades; desde un punto se extienden una serie de círculos concéntricos que amplían el espectro cultural. Esta apertura la podemos percibir desde un concepto clave en la obra wittgensteineana, a saber, la noción de ver aspectos. Por otra parte, con ella también podemos distinguir y entender otro punto clave en esa dinámica (...) cultural, ello es: la idea de cambio y conflicto social. Así pues, la idea del presente trabajo es mostrar las estructuras epistémicas con las que operan los conflictos y los cambios socioculturales -tan relevantes para el desarrollo social y la teoría antropológica-, tomando como fondo la idea wittgensteineana de visión de aspectos. Con lo que encontramos, que el presente artículo además de ser una contribución al “estudio cultural” con base en un interés epistemológico, pretende vincular la filosofía wittgensteineana con la antropología científica.Palabras clave: Visión de aspectos, conflicto, cambio social, Wittgenstein, epistemología.The growth and development of cultural complexity throughout human history has had the form of a moving spiral that opens to possibilities; from one point, a series of concentric circles is extended that expand the cultural spectrum. This opening can be perceived from a key concept in Wittgenstein’s thought, namely, the notion of seeing aspects. On the other hand, with this concept we can also identify and understand another key point in that cultural dynamic: the idea of change and social conflict. Thus, the idea of this paper is to show the epistemic structures through which conflicts and socio-cultural changes operate, which are so relevant to social development and the anthropological theory, taking the Wittgensteinian idea of seeing aspects as a background. This article is not only a contribution to “cultural study” based on an epistemological interest, but it also tries to link Wittgenstein’s philosophy with scientific anthropology.Key words: Vision of aspects, conflict, social change, Wittgenstein, epistemology. (shrink)

This paper describes the content and evolution of a fourth-year course for medical students on teaching pathographies of mental illness. (It is a follow-up to Nathan Carlin’s Pathographies of Mental Illness that appeared as an Element in the Bioethics and Neuroethics series published by Cambridge University Press.) The course originally centered on classic (and some contemporary) memoirs; however, responding to student evaluations, newer material now ensures more diversity, with material written by women and people of color, and describes the difference (...) that can make. (shrink)

Journal of Social Philosophy, EarlyView.

Maine de Biran, iniciador de la llamada filosofía espiritualista francesa, es el descubridor del tacto interno. Lo táctil se opone a lo visual, y es el origen profundo de la intuición. Marc Richir acoge con entusiasmo esta idea filosófica de tacto interno, y explica que es un contacto incorporal, inmaterial, sin espacio ni tiempo; es la no-adherencia del sí a las cosas mismas, como resultado exigido por la trascendencia absoluta. Se establece, a continuación, un paralelismo entre Maine de Biran y (...) Marc Richir, como filósofos contrapuestos en los dos lados de un nivel fenomenológico intermedio: el nivel de las fantasías perceptivas y de la identidad de lo transposible. Es el nivel medio que ya predijo, en la Antigüedad, Ovidio, en un verso famoso: «Medio tutissimus ibis», («Irás más seguro por en medio»). (shrink)

UNESCO in the 2030 agenda for sustainable development establishes respect for the environment and sustainability education as key elements for the challenges of society in the coming years. In the educational context, physical education can have a vital role in sustainability education, through Traditional Sporting Games. The aim of this research was to study from an ethnomotor perspective the different characteristics of two different groups of TSG in the Canary Islands, Spain. The corpus of this investigation was made up of (...) 513 TSG, identified by two analysis techniques and collected in a database. The categories corresponding to the variables of the internal logic of the game were the type of motor interaction, related to space, relationships with time, and relationships with objects. The study also examined the variables of external logic or sociocultural conditions such as the protagonists, playing areas, and game moments. The data analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential statistics: cross-tables, effect sizes, classification trees, and the identification of frequency areas. Of the total number of playful activities identified, most were physical activities. These activities were Quasi-games without rules and TSG as well as activities with Objects and without material. This research confirms that the TSG in the Canary Islands is a mirror of traditional culture and, from a pedagogical approach, shows great potential for material and social sustainability. (shrink)

Parties are central agents of democratic representation. The literature assumes that this function is an automatic consequence of social structure and/or a product of incentives derived from electoral competition. However, representation is contingent upon the organizational structure of parties. The connection between a party and an organized constituency is not limited to electoral strategy; it includes an organic connection through permanent formal or informal linkages that bind party programmatic positions to social groups’ preferences, regardless of the electoral returns. This article (...) analyzes how the Movimiento al Socialismo in Bolivia and the Frente Amplio in Uruguay developed two different forms of relationship with social organizations that result from the interplay of historical factors traceable to the parties’ formative phases and party organizational attributes. Party organizational features that grant voice to grassroots activists serve as crucial mechanisms for bottom-up incorporation of societal interests and demands. (shrink)

Nos acercamos a la figura de Gabriel Riesco Fernández del Campo por ser una de las más prolíficas de la planificación urbana de España y El Salvador del siglo XX, como autor de más de 180 planes. Tras el estudio de su biografía y de algunas de sus obras podemos situarlo en la más alta Administración pública de ambos países, donde su trabajo fue determinante para su ordenación territorial, en los años 50 y tras el terremoto de 1986 en Centroamérica, (...) y en España durante el desarrollismo y la constitución de las Comunidades Autónomas. Asimismo fue asesor de Naciones Unidas para la ordenación territorial en El Salvador. Su obra arquitectónica es aún más desconocida. (shrink)

La lógica modal epistémica estándar se ha constituido en una herramienta realmente útil para los estudiosos interesados en la descripción formal de diferentes nociones epistémicas, tales como las de conocimiento y creencia, que desempeñan un importante papel en muchos estudios ? losó? cos. En este trabajo se muestra cómo el mayor poder expresivo de las modalidades graduadas puede ser utilizado en la lógica epistémica para poder hacer referencia a un tipo de conocimiento que no es siempre absolutamente verdadero, sino que (...) puede admitir excepciones e incertidumbre. (shrink)

Unas cuantas –aunque quizá no suficientes- líneas dedicadas a la Erinnerung del Maestro de siempre, acompañadas de la exégesis de un texto de su autoría: El concepto de “Saber aparente” en Hegel o la ilusión del método. Se trata de un ensayo de Giulio F. Pagallo que, hasta el presente, no ha sido publicado, aun cuando sí presentado como papel de trabajo en el marco de un Seminario organizado por el Instituto de Filosofía de la UCV a finales de los (...) años ’70. Quizá sea éste uno de los ensayos más importantes de su interpretación de la filosofía hegeliana, particularmente de la Fenomenología del Espíritu, y de sus estrechas relaciones de fondo con el Tractatus de Intellectus emendationis de Spinoza. Todo ello, animado por la firme convicción de contribuir al debate contemporáneo con el estructuralismo marxista y con el neopositivismo, como respuesta frente a las malversaciones propias de un uso maniqueo del concepto de ideología. Amicus IuliusSome –but maybe not enough- lines devoted to de Erinnerung of the Master forever, together with the exegesis of a text of his authorship: The concept of “Apparent Knowledge” in Hegel or the illusion of the method . This is a Giulio F. Pagallo’s essay which has not been published until today, even though it was presented as paperwork in a seminar organized by the Institute of Philosophy of the UCV in the last years of the 70`s decade. Perhaps, this is one of the most important essays of his Hegelian philosophy interpretation, particularly of the Phenomenology of the Spirit , and its tight and deep relationship with the Spinoza’s Tractatus de Intellectus emendationis . All of this is animated by the firm conviction to contribute with the contemporary debate with Marxist structuralism and new positivism, as a response upon the manichaean use of the concept of ideology. (shrink)